SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....

columnN=valueN
[ WHERE CONDITION ];

SQL DELETE Statement:

DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE {CONDITION};

SQL CREATE DATABASE Statement:

CREATE DATABASE database_name;

SQL DROP DATABASE Statement:

DROP DATABASE database_name;

SQL USE Statement:

USE DATABASE database_name;

SQL COMMIT Statement:

COMMIT;

SQL ROLLBACK Statement:

ROLLBACK;

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 CHAPTER

SQL Data Types

S QL data type is an attribute that specifies type of data of any object. Each column, variable and expression

has related data type in SQL.

You would use these data types while creating your tables. You would choose a particular data type for a table
column based on your requirement.

SQL Server offers six categories of data types for your use:

Exact Numeric Data Types:

DATA TYPE FROM TO

Bigint -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 9,223,372,036,854,775,807

Int -2,147,483,648 2,147,483,647

Smallint -32,768 32,767

Tinyint 0 255

Bit 0 1

Decimal -10^38 +1 10^38 -1

Numeric -10^38 +1 10^38 -1

Money -922,337,203,685,477.5808 +922,337,203,685,477.5807

Smallmoney -214,748.3648 +214,748.3647

Approximate Numeric Data Types:

DATA TYPE FROM TO

Float -1.79E + 308 1.79E + 308

Real -3.40E + 38 3.40E + 38

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Date and Time Data Types:
DATA TYPE FROM TO

Datetime Jan 1, 1753 Dec 31, 9999

Smalldatetime Jan 1, 1900 Jun 6, 2079

Date Stores a date like June 30, 1991

Time Stores a time of day like 12:30 P.M.

Note: Here, datetime has 3.33 milliseconds accuracy where as smalldatetime has 1 minute accuracy.

Character Strings Data Types:

DATA TYPE FROM TO

Maximum length of 8,000 characters.( Fixed length non-Unicode

Char Char
characters)

Varchar Varchar Maximum of 8,000 characters.(Variable-length non-Unicode data).

Maximum length of 231characters, Variable-length non-Unicode data

varchar(max) varchar(max)
(SQL Server 2005 only).

Variable-length non-Unicode data with a maximum length of

Text text
2,147,483,647 characters.

Unicode Character Strings Data Types:

DATA TYPE Description

Nchar Maximum length of 4,000 characters.( Fixed length Unicode)

Nvarchar Maximum length of 4,000 characters.(Variable length Unicode)

Maximum length of 231characters (SQL Server 2005 only).( Variable length

nvarchar(max)
Unicode)

Ntext Maximum length of 1,073,741,823 characters. ( Variable length Unicode )

Binary Data Types:

DATA TYPE Description

Binary Maximum length of 8,000 bytes(Fixed-length binary data )

Varbinary Maximum length of 8,000 bytes.(Variable length binary data)

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 Maximum length of 231 bytes (SQL Server 2005 only). ( Variable length Binary
varbinary(max)
data)

Image Maximum length of 2,147,483,647 bytes. ( Variable length Binary Data)

Misc Data Types:

DATA TYPE Description

Stores values of various SQL Server-supported data types, except text, ntext, and
sql_variant
timestamp.

Stores a database-wide unique number that gets updated every time a row gets
timestamp
updated

uniqueidentifier Stores a globally unique identifier (GUID)

Stores XML data. You can store xml instances in a column or a variable (SQL Server
xml
2005 only).

cursor Reference to a cursor object

table Stores a result set for later processing

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 CHAPTER

SQL Operators
What is an Operator in SQL?

A n operator is a reserved word or a character used primarily in an SQL statement's WHERE clause to

perform operation(s), such as comparisons and arithmetic operations.

Operators are used to specify conditions in an SQL statement and to serve as conjunctions for multiple conditions
in a statement.

Arithmetic operators

Comparison operators

Logical operators

Operators used to negate conditions

SQL Arithmetic Operators:

Assume variable a holds 10 and variable b holds 20, then:

Operator Description Example

a + b will
+ Addition - Adds values on either side of the operator
give 30

a - b will
- Subtraction - Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand
give -10

a * b will
* Multiplication - Multiplies values on either side of the operator
give 200

b / a will
/ Division - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand
give 2

b % a will
% Modulus - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder
give 0

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