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SQL CONCEPTS

The document outlines key SQL concepts, including data types, data manipulation language (DML), data definition language (DDL), transaction control language (TCL), and data control language (DCL). It also covers various types of joins, grouping and ordering data, subqueries, operators, pseudo columns, set operators, views, indexes, constraints, ranking functions, and other key SQL functions. This comprehensive overview serves as a reference for understanding SQL syntax and functionalities.

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nagalakshmi.raman01
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5 views3 pages

SQL CONCEPTS

The document outlines key SQL concepts, including data types, data manipulation language (DML), data definition language (DDL), transaction control language (TCL), and data control language (DCL). It also covers various types of joins, grouping and ordering data, subqueries, operators, pseudo columns, set operators, views, indexes, constraints, ranking functions, and other key SQL functions. This comprehensive overview serves as a reference for understanding SQL syntax and functionalities.

Uploaded by

nagalakshmi.raman01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL CONCEPTS

Data Types
1 Number(a)
2 Number(a,b)
3 Char
4 Varchar
5 Varchar2
6 Long
7 Date
DML – Data Manipulation Language
8 SELECT
9 INSERT
10 INSERT ALL
11 UPDATE
12 DELETE
13 MERGE
14 INSERT ..SELECT
DDL – Data Definition Language
15 CREATE TABLE – NEWLY
16 CREATE – COPY A TABLE
17 CREATE – COPY EMPTY TABLE
18 CREATE – COPY SELECTED COLUMN, RECORDS
19 TRUNCATE
20 DROP
21 RENAME TABLE
22 RENAME COLUMN
23 ALTER – ADD
24 ALTER- MODIFY
25 ALTER – DROP
TCL – Transaction Control Language
26 COMMIT
27 ROLLBACK
28 SAVEPOINT
DCL – Data Control Language
29 GRANT
30 REVOKE
JOINS
40 EQUI JOIN
41 NON EQUI JOIN
42 INNER JOIN
43 RIGHT OUTER
44 LEFT OUTER
45 FULL OUTER
46 SELF JOIN
47 NATURAL JOIN
SQL CONCEPTS
48 CROSS JOIN
49 MULTIPLE TABLE JOINS
GROUP BY
50 SUM()
51 COUNT()
53 MAX()
54 MIN()
55 AVG()
56 GROUP BY CLAUSE
57 HAVING CLAUSE
58 GROUP BY – MULTIPLE LEVEL
ORDER BY
59 ASC
60 DESC
61 ORDER BY COLUMN NAME / 1
62 ORDER BY – MULTIPLE COLUMNS
SUB QUERY
63 NORMAL SUBQUERY
64 SINGLE ROW SUBQUERY
65 MULTI ROW SUBQUERY
66 MULTI COLUMN SUBQUERY
67 CORRELATED SUBQUERY
68 EXISTS
69 NOT EXISTS
OPERATORS
70 Arithmetic - < <= > >= + - * / etc.,
71 Logical – AND, OR, NOT
72 LIKE & NOT LIKE
73 BETWEEN & NOT BETWEEN
PSEUDO COLUMNS
74 ROWNUM
75 ROWID
76 SYSDATE
77 USER
SET OPERATORS
78 UNION
79 UNION ALL
80 MINUS
81 INTERSECT
VIEW
82 SIMPLE VIEW
83 COMPLEX VIEW ( Joins, group by etc )
INDEX
84 One column / multi column index
CONSTRAINTS
85 DEFAULT
SQL CONCEPTS
86 NOT NULL
87 UNIQUE
88 PRIMARY KEY
89 FOREIGN KEY
90 CHECK
RANK
91 RANK
92 DENSE RANK
93 RANK – PARTITION BY
OTHER KEY FUNCTIONS
94 NVL
95 NVL2
96 COELESCE
97 DECODE
98 CASE
99 LOWER
100 UPPER
101 INITCAP
102 LENGTH
103 REPLACE
104 TRANSLATE
105 ROUND
106 TRUNC
107 CEIL
108 FLOOR
109 CONCAT
110 LTRIM
111 RTRIM
112 TRIM
113 ADD_MONTHS
114 MONTHS_BETWEEN
115 LAST_DAY
116 FETCH
117 ABS
118 INSTR
119 SUBSTR
120 SIGN
121 MOD

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