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Raspberry Pi By Example 1st Edition Pajankar Digital
Instant Download
Author(s): Pajankar, Ashwin, Kakkar, Arush
ISBN(s): 9781785285066, 1785285068
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 10.79 MB
Year: 2016
Language: english
Raspberry Pi By Example
Table of Contents
Raspberry Pi By Example
Credits
About the Authors
About the Reviewers
www.PacktPub.com
eBooks, discount offers, and more
Why subscribe?
Preface
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Who this book is for
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Downloading the example code
Downloading the color images of this book
Errata
Piracy
Questions
1. Introduction to Raspberry Pi and Python
Single-board computers
Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi models
Operating systems
Raspbian
Setting up the Raspberry Pi
Preparing MicroSD card manually
Booting up our Pi for the first time
Shutting down and rebooting Pi safely
Updating the Pi
Getting started with Python
Turtle programming with Python
Summary
2. Minecraft Pi
Introduction to Minecraft Pi
Playing Minecraft Pi
Movement control in Minecraft Pi
Action control in Minecraft Pi
Other controls in Minecraft Pi
Python programming for Minecraft Pi
Summary
3. Building Games with PyGame
Introducing PyGame
Installing PyGame
Drawing a binary fractal tree
Building a snake game
Summary
4. Working with a Webcam and Pi Camera
Working with webcams
Crontab
Creating a timelapse sequence using fswebcam
Webcam video recording and playback
Working with the Pi Camera and NoIR Camera modules
Using raspistill and raspivid
Using picamera in Python with the Pi Camera module
The Pi camera versus the webcam
Summary
5. Introduction to GPIO Programming
Introducing GPIO pins
Building an LED Blinker
Connecting a button
Installing PiGlow
Using PiGlow
Building a binary clock
Summary
6. Creating Animated Movies with Raspberry Pi
Introducing stop-motion animation
Setting up the prerequisites
Setting up and testing the camera
Adding the hardware button
Rendering the video
Summary
7. Introduction to Computer Vision
Introducing Computer Vision
Introducing OpenCV
Setting up Pi for Computer Vision
Testing the OpenCV installation with Python
Introducing NumPy
Array creation
Basic operations on arrays
Linear algebra
Working with images
Using matplotlib
Working with Webcam using OpenCV
Saving a video using OpenCV
Pi Camera and OpenCV
 Retrieving image properties
Arithmetic operations on images
Splitting and merging image color channels
Negating an image
Logical operations on images
Colorspaces and conversions
Tracking in real time based on color
Summary
8. Creating Your Own Motion Detection and Tracking System
Thresholding images
Otsu's method
Noise
Kernels for noise removal
2D convolution filtering
Low pass filtering
Morphological transformations on images
Motion detection and tracking
Summary
9. Grove Sensors and the Raspberry Pi
Introducing the GrovePi
Setting up the GrovePi
Displaying the weather
Intruder detection system
Summary
10. Internet of Things with the Raspberry Pi
Introducing the Internet of Things
Installing the Twitter API for Python
Using Tweepy
Setting up a SQLite database in Python
Building a tweeting weather station
Adding speech capabilities to our weather station
Summary
11. Build Your Own Supercomputer with Raspberry Pi
Introducing a Pi-based supercomputer
Installing and configuring MPICH2 and MPI4PY
Installing the MPICH library
Installing MPI4PY
Setting up the Raspberry Pi cluster
Setting up SSH access from the host to the client
Running code in parallel
Performance benchmarking of the cluster
Introducing N-Body simulations
Installing and running GalaxSee
Summary
12. Advanced Networking with Raspberry Pi
 Introducing DHCP
A few networking concepts
Configuring a Raspberry Pi to act as a DHCP server
Introducing Domain Naming System (DNS)
Setting up a DNS server on the Pi
Configuring the setup for a web server
Automating node discovery in a network
Summary
13. Setting Up a Web Server on the Raspberry Pi
Introducing and installing Apache on Raspbian
Installing PHP and MySQL
Installing WordPress
Configuring the WordPress installation
Summary
14. Network Programming in Python with the Pi
The basics of sockets
The difference between TCP and UDP
The architecture and programming of UDP sockets
Sending and receiving data with UDP
UDP servers and NCAT
An echo server using Python UDP sockets
A UDP client
The architecture of TCP sockets
Creating a TCP socket
Connecting to a server with a TCP socket
Receiving data from the server
Programming socket servers
Binding a socket
Listening for incoming connections
Handling multiple connections
Looking back
A Telnet client in Python
A chat program
The chat server
The chat client
References
Exercise
Summary
A. Newer Raspberry Pi Models
The Raspberry Pi Zero
The Raspberry Pi 3
Index
Raspberry Pi By Example
Raspberry Pi By Example
Copyright © 2016 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the
publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information
presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or
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Credits
Authors

Ashwin Pajankar

Arush Kakkar

Reviewers

Nathan Johnson

Elliot Kermit-Canfield

Anna Torlen

Commissioning Editor

Dipika Gaonkar

Acquisition Editor

Ashwin Nair

Content Development Editor

Merwyn D'souza

Technical Editors

Nirant Carvalho

Mohit Hassija

Copy Editors

Stuti Srivastava

Madhusudan Uchil

Project Coordinator

Nikhil Nair

Proofreader

Safis Editing
Indexer

Priya Sane

Graphics

Kirk D'Penha

Production Coordinator

Shantanu N. Zagade

Cover Work

Shantanu N. Zagade
About the Authors
Ashwin Pajankar is a software professional and IoT enthusiast with more than 5 years' experience in
software design, development, testing, and automation.

He graduated from IIIT Hyderabad, earning an M.Tech in computer science and engineering. He holds
multiple professional certifications from Oracle, IBM, Teradata, and ISTQB in development, databases,
and testing. He has won several awards in college through outreach initiatives, at work for technical
achievements, and community service through corporate social responsibility programs.

He was introduced to Raspberry Pi while organizing a hackathon at his workplace, and he's been hooked
on Pi ever since. He writes plenty of code in C, Bash, Python, and Java on his cluster of Pis. He's already
authored one book on Raspberry Pi and reviewed three other titles related to Python for Packt Publishing.

His LinkedIn Profile is at https://in.linkedin.com/in/ashwinpajankar.

I would like to thank my wife, Kavitha, for motivating me to write this book and share my knowledge with
others. I would like to thank my coauthor, Arush Kakkar, for taking over the project after the first few
chapters. I also thank Merwyn D'Souza from Packt Publishing for providing me with the opportunity,
guidance, and required support in writing this book. Last but not least, I would like to thank all the
reviewers who helped me make the book better by providing their precious feedback.

Arush Kakkar is a computer vision and deep learning researcher and an undergraduate at Delhi
Technological University. His primary focus is on autonomous robotics, which includes drones and self-
driving cars, and he has been involved in building such systems in different capacities, such as navigation,
localization, path planning. He has also leveraged state-of-the art computer vision and deep learning
technologies for them. He is the electrical systems head of the Solar Car team of his university, Solaris
DTU.

He is currently working on his own driverless car company, CruiseX, which uses deep learning to drive
more smoothly and with fewer errors.

You can connect with him through his website at http://www.arushkakkar.com and read up on some of his
projects at http://blog.arushkakkar.com.

I would like to thank my parents for supporting me in writing this book. I would like to thank Ashwin for
collaborating while writing this book, and I would also like to thank Merwyn from Packt Publishing for
coordinating the collaboration. I am thankful to all the reviewers for helping me improve the book and
expanding my knowledge.
About the Reviewers
Nathan Johnson is an NC State University graduate and the author and maintainer of the node-arm
project. Apart from node-arm, he has also contributed to several other Raspberry Pi projects. He
currently works for the Charlotte-based company Red Ventures as a software engineer writing
applications in Node.js.

I would like to thank my mom, dad, and brother for reminding me to use all the talents I've been given.

Elliot Kermit-Canfield is a graduate student studying computer music at the Center for Computer
Research in Music and Acoustics at Stanford University. In addition to a degree in music, science, and
technology from Stanford, he holds degrees in integrative arts and music theory from Penn State. Elliot is
an avid computer musician and has worked with Raspberry Pi and other embeddable systems with audio
applications.

Anna Torlen is an artist, educator, and techie. She received a bachelor of arts degree in studio art at The
College of Santa Fe and a master of fine arts degree in media, technology, and entertainment at Florida
Atlantic University. She has worked on Raspberry Pi projects at her college and at Hacklab in Boynton
Beach, FL. She has contributed to the Adafruit Community Corner blog. She is currently working at Palm
Beach State College as a multimedia adjunct professor. She is interested in building outdoor solar-
powered Internet of Things Raspberry Pi projects.
www.PacktPub.com
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Preface
Raspberry Pi is probably one of the most versatile computers ever built. It has been adapted for tasks
ranging from home automation, cluster computing, computer vision, and even space missions! What's
more is that it enjoys a level of support from the community that is hard to find for any other platform.

Due to this, it is a hacker-friendly device and is a must for anyone who wants to build projects with even
a little amount of programming involved. The fact that the basic version of the board costs only $25 means
there's a lot of room for experimentation, and users aren't afraid to experiment with and damage it.

In this book, you will find a wide variety of projects, using which anyone can get started with and also
build interesting hacks by modifying some of the projects.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Introduction to Raspberry Pi and Python, provides an introduction to the Raspberry Pi and
booting it up.

Chapter 2, Minecraft Pi, introduces you to Minecraft Pi, which is a preinstalled version of the popular
game Minecraft. The first few pages of the chapter deal with the game concept and interface, and further
pages deal with programming in-game actions with Python. In the last part of this chapter, you are
introduced to the PyGame library and small usage examples of it.

Chapter 3, Building Games with PyGame, is an introduction to the PyGame programming library and
game programming. In this chapter, you code your way to your first full-fledged program on the Raspberry
Pi, a game.

Chapter 4, Working with a Webcam and Pi Camera, introduces you to the Pi Camera and regular
webcams and how to use them to create real-life applications with the Raspberry Pi. You also create a
time-lapse box project in this chapter.

Chapter 5, Introduction to GPIO Programming, introduces you to the Raspberry Pi B+ and Pi 2 GPIO
structure and its real-life usage with LED programming and a third-party add-on, PiGlow.

Chapter 6, Creating Animated Movie with Raspberry Pi, demonstrates the GPIO and camera together by
creating a project that requires application of both the concepts in order.

Chapter 7, Introduction to Computer Vision, introduces you to computer vision and image processing
with Raspberry Pi. You will create a simple project.

Chapter 8, Creating Your Own Motion Detection and Tracking System, introduces you to advanced
concepts in OpenCV, which will be used to implement the next project, which has a higher difficulty
level.

Chapter 9, Grove Sensors and the Raspberry Pi, introduces you to the Grove shield and Grove sensors
and their interfacing with Raspberry Pi. Grove Sensors are third-party sensors for Raspberry Pi and
Arduino that can be used for environment sensing.

Chapter 10, Internet of Things with the Raspberry Pi, looks at creating home automation and Internet of
Things applications with the Raspberry Pi.

Chapter 11, Build Your Own Supercomputer with the Raspberry Pi, deals with making clusters of
Raspberry Pi 2s, using MPICH2 and MPI for Python to write parallel programs for the clusters, and
running N-body simulation.

Chapter 12, Advanced Networking with the Raspberry Pi, shows you how to improve your cluster of Pis
by adding advanced networking capabilities such as DNS and DHCP. We use of existing cluster for this
and make it better.
Chapter 13, Setting Up a Web Server on the Raspberry Pi, delves into installing PHP, MySQL, and
WordPress on our Raspberry Pi to use it as a web server.

Chapter 14, Network Programming in Python with the Pi, teaches you how to use Python to learn the
basics of network programming and also create network utilities such as Telnet and chat applications on
the Raspberry Pi.

Appendix, Newer Raspberry Pi Models, briefly introduces you to some of the newest members of the
Raspberry Pi family, namely the Raspberry Pi Zero and the Raspberry Pi 3.
What you need for this book
The following hardware is recommended for successfully completing the projects outlined in this book:
Raspberry Pi Model B, B+ or 2 (Multiple boards for last two chapters)
USB hub, powered preferably
Networking hub
PC for preparing SD card
Webcam and/or Pi Camera
Who this book is for
What's the best way to learn how to use your Raspberry Pi? By example! If you want something exciting
to do whilst getting to grips with what your Pi can offer, this is the book for you. With both simple and
complex projects, you'll create a wide variety of cool toys and functions with your Raspberry Pi - all with
minimal coding experience necessary. You can be a beginner before starting with this book, but by the
time you finish it, you will be a Jedi with the Raspberry Pi.
Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information.
Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy
URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: " We need the random library for the
randint() function, which returns a random integer in the provided range."

A block of code is set as follows:

def fractal_tree(b_len,t):
if b_len > 5:
temp=random.randint(1, b_len)
temp_angle = random.randint(1, 25)
t.forward(temp)
t.right(temp_angle)
fractal_tree(b_len-10,t)
t.left(2 * temp_angle)
fractal_tree(b_len-10,t)
t.right(temp_angle)
t.backward(temp)

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ mkdir book
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ cd book
pi@raspberrypi ~/book $ pwd
/home/pi/book
pi@raspberrypi ~/book $

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in
menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: " Check out the Product page of Raspberry Pi at
http://www.raspberrypi.org/products/.."
Note
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tip
Tips and tricks appear like this.
Random documents with unrelated
content Scribd suggests to you:
"Truth is," said Turk, aside to his friend, "I wouldn't trust ourselves
two days on them planks!"
At this time the party stood upon one of the rocks.
Suddenly Mary pointed down at the water, through which, all around
their position, a number of dark-looking fins now were seen, moving
hither and thither.
"What are those things?" she inquired.
"Sharks!" answered Harry and Turk, as they simultaneously drew the
young girl upon the raft.
 CHAPTER IX.

DRIVEN AWAY.
The water kept rising higher.
Meanwhile, the sharks swam all round the rocks, and the raft, now
and then leaping forth, as if to clutch at the party.
The sight of these ugly-looking creatures, with their long heads,
sharp fins, teeth, and dull, bloodshot eyes, inspired Mary with the
most disagreeable sensations.
"Come!" said she, "let us leave this fearful place!"
Turk shook his head.
"It is our only salvation, Miss, I'm afraid."
"Not much of a salvation, either," said Brand, pointing down at
several of the ferocious creatures, which had begun to gnaw at the
lashings of the raft.
Vainly the men endeavored to drive them away; they clung with
steady tenacity to the lashings, biting with demon-like intelligence at
the rope strands, as if aware that the severing of these would put
the party in their power.
Finally the seamen were obliged to get off the raft on the rocks, and
draw the planks after them, as the only means of pulling the
lashings away from the teeth of the troublesome monsters.
The water, however, kept rising, so that it was necessary to get away
as soon as possible.
The men did their best to strengthen the planks, then once more
launched their raft, actually driven away by the sharks.
The tendency of the current and the wind now was to the westward.
"At such a rate," said Turk, "shouldn't wonder if we find ourselves,
before two days, on the volcanic island."
For this island the party had looked every day, while they were
afloat; but, for some reason or other, since the night of their first
floating away from the island, they had seen nothing of the smoke
or fire of the burning crater.
The seamen had attributed this fact to the murky atmosphere
westward, shrouding the island from their view, while the raft had
meanwhile been carried further and further from it by the tide.
When night came, after their leaving the rock, the bearings of which
they endeavored to keep in mind, they again looked for the light of
the volcano. The atmosphere, however, not having yet cleared, they
could see no sign of it. Hoping that the current would continue in
this direction and carry them to the island, they watched the west,
keenly yet vainly for a sign of the shore.
Mary slept little that night. In the morning Harry pointed out to her,
far away, the land, evidently that which they were anxious to reach,
looming up, the mist having cleared.
That it was the wished-for shore was made evident by a column of
smoke, rising up from the summit of one of the lofty island peaks.
"Do you think we will reach it?" the young girl inquired.
"I think so; if the set of the current does not change to the south,"
answered Harry.
He was right; before night the party were close upon the island
shore.
Mary's eyes lighted up with joy. Worn though she was by hardship
and suffering, she could yet feel a thrill of eager, pleasant
expectation, as she gazed at the beautiful shores of this island.
Scarcely a mile in extent, and not more than half that in breadth, the
shores teemed with the most luxuriant vegetation.
There were seen tall cocoanuts waving upon a bright, pebbly beach,
rocks covered with flowers and vines, cascades flashing and
gleaming as they glittered in the sunlight, and the broad waters of
silver streams, gliding along through mossy grounds.
"Beautiful," said Mary, clapping her hands. "Papa! papa! are you
there?"
She spoke half plaintively, half joyfully, clasping her hands like a little
child.
Brand turned aside his head. Hardened as he was, the voice went
straight to his ruffian heart, and he felt at that moment as if he
would give worlds had he not committed the fearful crime which,
after all, had been perpetrated for nothing.
Meanwhile Turk stood gazing steadily towards one of the island
bays.
"If I ain't mistaken," said he, "there's an old wreck of some kind
there!"
"Ay, ay," cried Harry; "I see it—the wreck of a schooner, if we may
judge by the two stumps of her masts."
It was almost sundown before the raft touched upon the beach.
"We will commence our search for traces of your father," said Harry
to Mary, after all had refreshed themselves with luxurious bananas
and the remains of their fish, "by visiting that old wreck. If your
parent be here, he probably has visited the hulk, and perhaps left
some sign of his presence; a pipe, matches or something of that
sort."
"Who knows," said Mary, "but he has taken up his quarters there."
"I'm afraid you are too hopeful, lass," said old Tom Turk, "'specially
as it was believed by all aboard the Maxwell that the poor old man
was drowned after he fell overboard."
"Yes," said Brand, shuddering; "I for one believe he was drowned."
"I will go with you to the wreck," said Mary.
"No," replied Harry, "it will be too much for you."
The young girl, however, insisting, the whole party started for the
bay, which they could see from their position.
A short walk brought them to the wreck.
It was a schooner, and as had been supposed, with its two masts
broken short off near the deck.
It lay almost upon its beam ends, firmly wedged in between two
rocks.
By mounting a small, flat rock near the larboard gunwale, the party
easily got aboard. Having done so, they entered the cabin. It was
devoid of all articles of furniture, these probably having been taken
away by some of the Indian visitors at the island.
A candle, however, with an old piece of a clay pipe, a few nails, and
an empty box, were found.
Turk took the candle, and endeavored to light it. This was done with
some difficulty, after which the party passed into the hold. Here,
saturated with salt water, which had broken in through the bottom of
the schooner, were seen several coils of old rope and a few empty
barrels.
"All of which," philosophized Turk, "will come in good use, 'specially
if we can find some nails."
After a long search, he came upon a bag of rusty nails, lying upon
one of the beams.
"With these," said Turk, "we can manage to make a boat, leastways
a good raft."
The flickering candle shed lurid light upon the old, creaking beams
of the schooner, as the party vainly searched the hold for signs of
Mary's father.
"Thought it would be of no use," said Turk; "Poor old man, he was
drowned, you may be sartin."
"Oh, papa! papa! would that I could find him!" wailed Mary,
mournfully.
Brand shuddered, as he always did, when the girl's father was
mentioned.
Seating himself on a detached coil of rigging, with his back turned to
the rest of the party, he suddenly fancied he felt a strange, creeping
sensation stealing over his body; a feeling, as if a multitude of
worms, were crawling up his back.
Instinctively he turned half round, to see his companions, already
leaving the hold, passing into the cabin.
Some strange instinct prompted him to turn yet further round, when
he beheld a sight which for some moments kept him motionless,
unable to utter a word.
In the faint light of the candle, streaming into the hold, he saw a
long, lean neck, surmounted by a face as bloodless and apparently
almost transparent, with hollow cheeks and protruding eyes, lifted
above a barrel at the other side of the hold.
A strange looking face it was; a face of unearthly transparency,
apparently quivering like a vapor, while his eyes—those great,
staring eyes, were fixed strangely upon the captain.
The latter, as mentioned, could not utter a word. To him the
apparition was doubly terrible, as it was that of the man whom he
had pushed overboard from the Maxwell.
Yes, there it was, sure enough, the face of the unfortunate
passenger, William Manton.
 CHAPTER X.

HAUNTED.
As Brand, like one spell-bound, continued staring at the strange
vision, he beheld the lean throat quivering, and heard issuing
therefrom a gurgling cry exactly like that on the fatal night.
It was a horrible sound, especially to Brand, who, with one hoarse
scream, bounded backward on beholding the apparition suddenly
vanish, as if melting away in the air.
At the noise made by Brand, Turk, followed by Harry, rushed back
into the hold.
"What is the matter?"
"Nothing," gasped Brand; "nothing at all."
There were big drops of sweat upon his brow, his eyes protruded,
while great, purple rings spread around them.
"Nothing," said Turk; "ay, ay, now, but there must be something the
matter with ye, Cap. D'ye feel hungry?"
Perceiving that he must make some excuse, Brand puzzled himself
trying to think of some plausible one.
"The fact is," said he, "I believe what we've gone through has
unstrung my nerves. I thought I felt a snake around my legs, when
it was nothing but a coil of rope."
His auditors believed him all the more readily that they had by this
time concluded that the man, like most all thoroughly selfish people,
was a coward.
In a short time they were out of the schooner, when Brand, who had
previously lagged, was now the foremost.
In a short time they reached a level piece of turf about one hundred
yards from the wreck.
This they concluded would be a good halting place, at least for the
present, and so they commenced the work of erecting shelters.
This was soon done, after which they threw themselves down to
rest, Mary, as on the other island, occupying a bower apart from the
others.
The young girl slept but little that night. When she did full asleep,
her slumber was troubled with disagreeable dreams. The roaring of
the volcano whose red gleam could be seen far up through the
shrubbery, shooting from one of the island peaks, mingled with her
fancies, and seemed the report of countless volleys of musketry.
At morn, after partaking of a frugal breakfast, the party consulted as
to their next course.
Turk wanted to commence at once upon his boat, Brand, sullen,
glowering and silent, seemed inclined to do nothing, while Mary and
Glenville concluded to walk off by themselves to explore the island.
Striking through the shrubbery, the young people soon found
themselves at the foot of the peak on which was the volcano.
They could see the smoke and the flashes of fire shooting up, could
also feel the ground shake under them, as if the flames were
careering beneath their very feet. Watching the volcano awhile, they
moved on.
"Let us explore the island thoroughly," said Mary, "we may yet come
upon some trace of my parent."
"Why is it, Mary," inquired Harry, "that you seem so confident on this
subject?"
"My father," answered the young girl, "was an excellent swimmer. I
have heard him say he once swam across the East River, New York,
while a boy.
"Then again the captain informed me that, in falling overboard, it
was found that my parent had carried away with him a plank, which,
from carelessness, had been left hanging loosely over the stern.
Now what more likely than that with the help of the plank, and this
island but two miles to leeward, he should succeed in reaching it?"
Harry shook his head.
"Of course," said he, "such things have happened, but I have no
idea that your father reached the island."
For several hours the two walked over the isle, which they found to
be a beautiful place. There were flowers of almost every hue, clear,
purling streams, rocks, caverns and cascades, while through the
green shrubbery the banana and the breadfruit were visible.
The wanderers, however, came upon no traces of Mr. Manton, and
Harry could see that his companion's hopes in this respect were
almost extinguished.
Returning to the spot where the shelters were located, they found
Turk already at work upon his boat, assisted by Brand.
"You are making good progress," remarked Harry.
"Ay, ay," answered Turk, "there's no chance for laziness, now. The
sooner we leave this island the better, accordin' to my notion."
The old tar spoke solemnly.
"Ay," said Captain Brand, "that's my opinion. Hark! did ye hear that?"
A roaring, rumbling sound was heard, right under their feet; the
ground trembled violently.
"It is the subterranean fire of that volcano," said Harry. "I hardly
think there is much danger."
He said this to quiet the fears of Mary, who turned pale and looked
anxious.
"To my notion," said Turk, "it's devils a-lightin' their brimstone right
under us, hopin' in that way to catch us. It's plain they're after some
one among us, which I may premise by sayin' ain't me nor Harry,
nor this young lass."
Brand frowned darkly.
"How know you that I'm not as good as the rest of you," said he.
"Honestly speakin', Cap, I don't think you are," exclaimed the old tar,
bluntly.
"I've always led a good life," said Brand, shunning the great blue
eyes of Mary.
There was a rumble like thunder under ground, then a report like
the discharge of musketry.
"The devils is a-firin' off their muskets to celebrate that lie of yours,
Cap," remarked Turk, as he turned to his work.
The party now felt anxious. The noises under ground continued, the
island shook, while increased volumes of fire shot up from the
volcanic peak.
Harry now assisted Turk in his work on the boat. There had been
found that morning in the schooner an old hatchet with which Turk
had knocked away a large quantity of timber from the wreck to be
conveyed to the spot where he intended erecting his boat.
Working all day, the men made good progress.
Brand worked as hard as the rest. It was not the danger from the
volcano alone that urged him on in his efforts, but the continual
harassing fear, of again beholding that fearful apparition of his
drownded victim.
At night the aspect of the volcano was terrific. There were the lurid
flames, apparently shooting to the very skies, while whole showers
of sparks were thrown out in fiery flakes that filled all the air, floating
along like millions of fireflies over the sea, in the water of which the
were reflected.
Meanwhile the shocks became every moment more frequent, the
ground shaking as if beneath the tramp of armed horsemen.
Harry had advanced into the thicket a short distance, when he
became aware of a hissing sound, as if thousands of serpents were
around him.
At the same moment, a broad, bright stream of something flashed
up before him, apparently descending towards him with great
rapidity.
Now he comprehended that it was a stream of lava, thrown from the
volcanic crater, and rushing down the side of the steep cliff.
In fact he had not time to reach the spot where he had left his
companions, when it came hissing and rushing into the thicket,
which he had just left.
All night a careful watch was kept, the raft with additional timbers
secured to it being in readiness for the party to leave at a moment's
notice.
Nothing more than the shocks, with the fall of additional lava
occurred, however, to disturb the party.
"I doubt if anything serious happens, after all," said Harry.
Turk pointed to a couple of fissures in the side of the cliff.
"That looks bad," said he; "in my opinion, this island goes in less
than forty-eight hours."
Good progress was made on the boat this day.
At night watching the volcano, Mary suddenly uttered a wild cry, and
pointed up towards an overhanging rock beneath the crater.
"What is it?" was the question.
"I don't know," said Mary, shuddering, "but just now I am certain I
saw a form appear, and then suddenly vanish upon that shelf of
rock."
"Are you sure?"
"Yes."
Turk looked solemn; Brand turned deadly pale.
"It must have been a spirit," said the old tar; "some imp after you,
Cap," he added, looking straight at Brand.
"Ay, a spirit," muttered the captain, his teeth chattering.
 CHAPTER XI.

ON THE LEDGE.
"This must be looked into," said Harry, resolutely. "Who will go with
me to the ledge?"
"No—no—do not go," pleaded Mary, "see how the fire rages! The
peak may explode before you come down, and you be swallowed up
in the flames!"
Harry however was determined to go.
"If nobody will go with me," said he, "I will go alone."
Mary advanced to his side.
"I will go with you," said she; "if you are to perish, I will die with
you."
The young man, however, would not permit the girl to accompany
him.
"If what was seen was mortal," said Turk, "why, then, I'd go with
you; but I don't care to have anything to do with spirits and sich like,
which can give you a poke in the stomach, do you see, and yet you
not be able to square off to 'em."
"Very well, then, I go alone," said Harry, as he sprang away.
He had not reached the foot of the cliff, when he felt a hand on his
arm, and turned to behold Turk.
"Fact is," said the latter, "I won't see ye go alone, but if there's any
fightin' to do with ghosts, you mustn't expect me to help you, for
when I aim at a nose, I like to hit it, which is impossible with the
noses of goblins and sich like, as your fist will go right through 'em."
The two soon were at the foot of the cliff, which both now
commenced to ascend. As they advanced, the rumbling beneath
them seemed to increase, shaking the cliff to its foundation.
At length they arrived near the ledge, where the heat was almost
unbearable. On one side of them there was a wide cleft, in which a
line of fire was seen, glowing like a red hot iron. The slightest mis-
step on the part of the adventurers in their endeavors to reach the
ledge, must precipitate them into the cleft.
To get to their destination, they must move along a narrow ridge not
more than two inches wide, with nothing at the side of the rock to
clutch except a slightly rugged surface which must afford them a
very insecure hold.
"This is dang'rous traveling," remarked Turk, "worse than walkin' on
a railroad track over a rottin bridge."
The two kept on, carefully making progress, until finally they were
close to the ledge, upon which a sudden spring carried them.
Winding round the cliff, they could now see another ledge, but no
sign of the strange figure. They clambered the rocky surface,
exploring it on all sides, but saw no sign of what they were after.
"To my notion," said Turk, "that goblin has gone down to take a
siesta, do you see, preparatory to comin' up agin, which, I take it, is
a good hint fur us to make leg-bail."
"What is this?" inquired Harry suddenly, stooping and picking up a
singular object.
It was a cocoanut branch twisted into an odd shape, bearing some
resemblance to a pronged fork.
"Ay, ay, now, there's the pitchfork for sartin!" exclaimed Turk; "that
goblin has left his instrumental be—behind him, and we may yet
come upon his tail!"
"Hark, Turk," said Harry, somewhat sternly, "you must not talk in
that way. This is in fact, no time for joking. See there," pointing
above them as he spoke, to where lurid flames were shooting out
from crevices in the rock, thus preventing their ascent.
Gazing below them they beheld the dark tops of the trees, far
beneath.
There was no means by which they could reach the ground.
The flames meanwhile burning brighter and longer, every moment,
until finally they scorched the flesh of the two men, whose situation
from the intense heat, was becoming intolerable.
For a moment they stood looking at each other, puzzled to know
what to do.
Then a sudden thought flashed across Harry's mind.
"There are coils of rope in the schooner," said he; "we can start from
here to Brand, who, probably, is watching us, telling him to bring up
and lower to us one of those coils of rope."
"Ay, ay, if he ain't afraid," answered Turk.
The two men shouting with united voices, pronounced the captain's
name.
"Halloa!" was the response.
"We cannot get back the way we came. Bring us a rope from the
schooner's wreck, and lower it to us."
Brand shuddered and turned pale.
Mary, who was near, besought him to hurry.
"No," he answered, in husky voice, "I do not care to go aboard that
schooner!"
"Then I will go!" cried Mary, and away she went.
Bad as he was, Brand was yet man enough not to permit this girl to
undertake such a difficult task.
He sprang after her, and soon boarding the schooner, advanced with
lighted candle into the hold, casting fearful glances around him.
He saw nothing, however, to excite alarm, and so seizing a small
coil, he emerged with it on deck.
He was about climbing over the bulwarks, when, chancing to turn
his head towards the schooner's bows, he fancied he saw the
phantom face of the drowned passenger as it was hastily withdrawn!
"P'shaw, this is mere imagination," muttered the captain, as he
sprung over the rail to the beach, where he found Mary anxiously
waiting for him.
"Quick! make haste!" exclaimed the young girl.
It almost seemed to Brand, as he encountered the gaze of those
wild eyes, that he beheld a second phantom, so alike were the eyes
of father and daughter.
Throwing the coil over his shoulders, he hurried along to the cliff
and commenced the ascent, followed by Mary, who, in her anxiety
for her lover's safety, would almost have followed the man into the
very flames.
In a short time they were at a point, whence the rope might be
lowered to the two imperiled men upon the ledge.
Brand, therefore, uncoiling the line, lowered the end to them at a
point where the flames could not come into contact with it, fastening
the other part to a spur.
It was evident, however, that the two must make good speed, else
the strands would become so weakened by the heat that there
would be danger of their giving way.
The two men found the rope, where they lowered it over the edge of
the rocky shelf, long enough to reach to the ground, about one
hundred and fifty feet beneath them.
Then Turk commenced the descent, succeeding in reaching the
ground safely.
By this time the strands were so weakened that Brand was obliged
to haul the rope up, to prevent its parting, and secure another turn
around the rocky spur.
Then Harry, grasping the lower part, commenced to descend. He
had got within about one hundred and twenty feet of the ground
and within a few feet of the top of one of the trees, when from the
branches, the captain, whose position afforded him a good view of
the trees revealed in the volcano's lurid light, uttered a sudden wild
cry, that rang above the din of the roaring fire.
Protruding from the foliage of the tree, towards which Harry was
being lowered, the man beheld the long, lean neck and ghastly
countenance of the apparition he so dreaded.
So great was the effect of this vision upon him that he let go the
rope which descended swift as a shot.
Where now was Harry Glenville?
 CHAPTER XII.

CAPTURED.
Mary, shrieking, peered far over the edge of the rock, vainly looking
for her lover.
"Killed! killed!" she wailed, wringing her hands. "My God, he is
dashed to pieces on the ground, by your letting go of the rope!"
"I?" exclaimed the captain, looking wild and half bewildered.
"Ay, God! it is so!"
The vision had by this time vanished. Partially recovering his self-
possession, the captain hurried down the steep cliff, following Mary,
who, like a maniac, ran on.
She soon gained the foot of the precipice, and was hurrying along in
the direction where she expected to find the remains of her lover all
mangled from his fall of sixty feet, when suddenly, she felt some
person grasp her arm, and turning, beheld Brand.
"Let me go! Why hold me?" screamed the young girl, wildly.
"See, there!" he answered, pointing towards the beach, "that is the
reason!"
Looking in the indicated direction, she beheld, in the lurid glare of
the volcanic fire, a long canoe, by the beach.
Evidently it was the same which had pursued them on that day
when the two warriors were slain.
Bent on vengeance, the islanders had not yet given up the pursuit,
but had searched for the fugitives ever since, at last coming upon
their traces.
Now the forms of the fierce men were seen advancing swiftly in
single file up the beach, on a course, which, had Mary kept on, must
have brought her into contact with them.
"Never mind," she exclaimed; "let me go to his body! What care I if
they do kill me, so long as I get a glimpse of his form?"
Brand, however, held her firmly.
He felt that he should at least partially atone for his crime by saving
the daughter of the man he had sent to his death.
"Come! come with me! This is madness."
Mary struggled in vain. Brand drew her along with him into the
shadow of a small cavern in the foot of the cliff.
"Hark!" he said, "you must not cry out."
Attracted probably by her cries, several natives soon presented
themselves at the entrance of the cavern.
Brand, being unarmed, could do nothing. Several spears were
pointed at his heart and that of his companion.
An islander—a huge fellow with great rings tattooed like bracelets all
over both his arms; evidently a chief, interposed.
"No strike!" he exclaimed, in broken English, "this's too much quick
death. Best take and chokee slow."
"What do you mean?" inquired Brand.
"Cussem Americanon!" said the chief, fiercely, "kill one two me men!
Mus' pay for dat."
"You are mistaken," answered Brand; "I never killed a man. It wasn't
me."
"All same you with," answered the islander. "Ho! ho! never get way
from me—me got long canoe."
The two were dragged to the beach, bound with strong wythes, and
were made to sit down upon the sand.
Then a brief conversation was held, after which, the chief said
something to several of his men.
Away they went, climbing up a tree, and procuring several branches.
These they brought to the chief, who, passing them round the neck
of the prisoners so tightly that both were nearly throttled, then
turned again and spoke to his people.
Instantly the latter, seizing the two, dragged them up to their necks
into the water, where they were firmly held with the incoming seas
continually breaking over their heads.
A slow, torturing method this to make way with prisoners. It is
however resorted to by many of the South Sea Island tribes.
At first the victim easily manages to catch his breath between
whiles. Gradually, however, this becoming harder, and the difficulty
increasing every moment, the wretches are eventually strangled to
death.
Poor Mary! The hardships and excitement she had lately undergone
were of themselves sufficient to deprive an ordinary woman of her
strength. This young girl, however, had an excellent constitution
and, when occasion required, a strong will. Now the intensity of her
anguish regarding her lover had so worked upon her, that, with this
new torture before her, she became unconscious.
Heedless of this, however, the native having charge of her, still held
her upright in the water, until the chief again interfered.
"Makee muchee now long," said he.
The two were drawn out to the beach, Brand, however, being
informed that the disagreeable ceremony would before morning, be
repeated, until he was drownee, drownee, drownee.
Soon after Mary came to her senses. At first somewhat bewildered,
she soon remembered all.
"Dead! dead!" she moaned, "he is dead."
The natives heeded not her sufferings. On the contrary, they seemed
to gloat over her distress.
An hour wore on when the prisoners were again led into water, the
seas breaking high, continually went over their heads.
Mary soon drew her breath with difficulty—her brain went round and
round, she felt that she was dying.
In fact, life must have deserted her in a few minutes, but for a
singular interposition, the phantom-like figure which has been
mentioned, appearing suddenly on the branch of a tree and waving
its arms to the natives in a frantic manner.
"Berch, hounds and dogs!" it exclaimed in hollow voice; "what would
ye do. I forbid this work. Terrible misfortune will attend ye, if ye
keep on thus persecuting those prisoners."
Brand, hearing that voice, turned his head.
As he did so, the form suddenly vanished.
The natives stood looking at each other in surprise. Brand noticing
their astonishment, thought he might turn it to good account.
No other consideration but that of saving his life could have tempted
him to speak of the vision of the murdered passenger to a living
soul.
"Indians," said he, "I would at once speak to your chief."
The men who held him understood him sufficiently to make known
his request to their leader, who, forthwith, appeared floundering
through the water.
"What want? Speak quick!"
"Well, then," said Brand, shuddering, "he whom you saw just now
among the trees, was no mortal vision. It is a phantom!"
"How know you that?"
"If the chief will take me a little ways off I will tell him," said Brand,
not caring to have the young girl hear what he intended to say.
The chief did as requested, when Brand explained, saying that the
phantom was that of a passenger who had accidentally fallen
overboard from a vessel aboard which he (Brand), was third officer.
The superstitious natives are prone to believe weird stories, and the
chief was no exception to the rule.
To his awe-stricken followers he at once explained what he had
learned, when it was unanimously agreed that the lives of the two
prisoners should be spared, at least for the present.
No good, the natives all agreed, could come of their disobeying the
injunctions of a spirit.
Mary and Brand were therefore taken and seated near a bright fire,
which had been kindled for comfort by their enemies.
They were treated to cooked breadfruit, cocoanut sauce, and other
delicacies of the South Sea Islanders. Brand ate heartily, but poor
Mary, almost maddened by her grief, would not even look at what
was proffered her.
"Harry is dead! dead!" was the continual cry of her anguished soul.
Meanwhile the whole island was rocking like a floating ship. Showers
of fire, roaring thunder, flew from the volcanic peak.
The natives looked at each other. Presently the chief spoke.
"The islee will be swallowed in fire," said he; "the spirit which spoke,
did not tell right. It is a bad spirit, which Islander must not mind. It
said if Islander spare white men's life, no harm come. See! here is
harm. The island will be lost before Islander can find all their foes."
Such was the purport of the chief's words, uttered however, in a
more incomprehensible manner than we have shown.
"Yes," continued the speaker, "so we say we must killee! killee,"
pointing at the two prisoners; "must killee quickee, no slow now."
He held a brief consultation with some of his men, four of whom
now advanced toward the girl and Brand, each of which was lifted
between a couple.
"Quickee—go!" screamed the chief, when each of the pair, with their
burdens commenced rapidly scaling the sides of the steep ascent.
Good need it now seemed, was there of their making swift speed.
They kept on with all possible dispatch, eventually pausing upon a
lofty spire, far up on the very top of the mountain.
This spur, rising to a height of about forty feet from the edge of the
volcanic crater, overlooked the chasm of fire, which, like the infernal
lake itself, lay at its base, shooting its forked tongues of roaring,
hissing flame high in air!
And now the prisoners comprehended the fate intended for them,
for the natives driving them to and fro, preparing to fling them into
that lurid, roaring, crackling sea of fire!
 CHAPTER XIII.

WALLED IN.
To repeat a previous question.
Where now was Harry Glenville?
On feeling himself descending, after Brand let go of the rope to
which he was clinging, the young man, instinctively throwing out his
arms, was fortunate enough to grasp the branch of the tree through
which his falling form was crashing.
To this branch he clung, swinging a hundred feet above the ground.
Every moment he expected that the branch, which was a slender
one, and which he held near the extremity, would part. He could
hear it crack, every time he swung.
Above him, faintly revealed in the lurid light, he could meanwhile see
a larger and stronger branch, which he hoped he might, by a sudden
upward stretching of an arm, succeed in grasping. Still there was
danger that he might miss his grasp, when he would certainly be
precipitated upon the ground below.
Still considering whether or not to make the attempt, he suddenly
heard the cheery voice of Tom Turk:
"Hold on hard, lad, and I'll be up there to help ye, in the tyin' of a
square knot!"
"Make haste!" exclaimed Harry, "as I expect, every minute, that the
branch I hold will give way."
"Ay, ay. Keep up a good heart. My climbin' days ain't quite over yet!"
As he spoke, Turk commenced rapidly ascending the tree, running
up the trunk with the squirrel-like dexterity of a true sailor.
He had with him the end of the fallen rope, thrown over his
shoulder.
In a short time, he was upon the brunch, just above the swinging
form of his friend.
The latter's weight had nearly parted the branch, strips of which
were already beginning to peel off.
"Make haste, Turk!" repeated the young man.
"Ay, ay, lad! here's the rope!" cried Turk, lowering to his friend the
end, to which he had fastened a bowline hitch; "jest slip that over
your head, and under one of your arms, and I'll have ye up in half a
minute."
Harry promptly complied, not a moment too soon, for with a crash,
the branch now gave way.
The young man would have gone with it, in spite of the bowline
hitch, which he had not yet been able to properly secure, but for his
throwing up both hands and grasping the rope.
Turk, who had taken a turn round the upper branch, was thus
enabled to draw him safely up.
In a few seconds both men were on the ground, about to move in
the direction of the base of the cliff to meet Mary and Brand, when
they beheld the forms of the natives, stealing along from their
canoe.
"Ay, ay, now!" whispered Turk, "this is calamitous."
"We must save Mary at all hazards," exclaimed Harry, impulsively, as
he bounded forward.
"S—sh!" whispered Turk, "jest see there! They have got the poor gal
and that Brand already," pointing to the natives, lugging of their
prisoners.
Harry would have sprang onward unarmed as he was, to attack the
two savages, but for the cooler and more prudent Turk.
"Hold!" he whispered, grasping his friend's jacket, "can't do anything
in a hurry, which do you see, will salle all."
Even as he spoke, another party of savages were observed,
approaching them.
"Now, then, fur scuddin!" said Turk, "no use stayin' here to be
speared to death, which is a most uncomfortable way of dyin',
'specially when you are afterwards b'iled in a pot for the blueskins'
dinner."
He drew the young man along to a clump of bushes near the base of
an enormous tree.
"I've sighted this tree before," said he, "which I know is holler. It's
big enough to hold you and me. Afterwards we can see to the gal, if
there's any way to save her, whereas if we should try now, we'd only
be killed, which sartinly would be a poor way for keepin' the lass."
Harry saw the sense of this remark at once. With the old seaman, he
crouched in the bushes.
"Well have to get into the tree, mole fashion," said Turk, "see'n' as
the hole leading to the inside of it, is scooped out underneath."
So saying he displaced some bushes, and bade his friend crawl into
the aperture thus revealed.
Harry did so, and was soon followed by Turk.
In the hollow tree, the two now glanced up, to see through an
opening in the trunk, broken half way off, the lurid gleam of the
volcanic fire.
"Here we are, moles as is moles!" exclaimed Turk.
Meanwhile the shouts of the savages, who, it was evident, had now
come upon the footprints of the two seamen on the ground, were
heard outside of the tree.
"They will of course discover us, after all!" said Harry, "and we will
have to die. Better to have fallen in defense of Mary."
Turk scratched his head. By the red gleam, shooting down into the
hollow, Harry could see a troubled expression upon the old seaman's
face.
"Ay, ay," he muttered, at length, "the Turks never was good at
strategic p'nts. I had a grandfather, who, to save himself from a mad
bull, throwed himself, in tryin' to leap over it, partly upon the
creatur's horns, which, penetratin' the seat of his breeches, held him
expended in that way until he was relieved by friends!"
The old tar had scarcely thus delivered himself, when, chancing to
glance down, he beheld the tattooed face of a savage, thrust under
the trunk of the tree, peering up at him.
Before he could utter a word, however, the face was withdrawn.
Next moment a sound, as of men busy at work piling something
around the tree, was heard.
Soon after all was still.
The two men held a consultation. Doubtless the savages were
somewhere not far off, waiting for them to emerge.
Nevertheless, they determined to make an attempt to escape from
their present retreat.
Turk was the first to stoop for the purpose of passing out, when an
exclamation broke from his lips.
"What's the matter?" inquired Harry.
"Matter enough!" was the reply; "we are walled in with arth so that
we can't get out!"
 CHAPTER XIV.

IN THE TREE.
For a moment the two stood eyeing each other, with looks of dismay.
"Can't we burrow our way out?" queried the young man.
"I'm afraid not. Them rascals knowed what they were doin' when
they fastened us up. In my opinion, we are to be left in this hollow
tree to be swallered up with the island when it goes!"
Harry glanced up. The opening in the top of the trunk was about
fifteen feet above them. There was no way for them to reach it!
The young man bowed his face on his hand.
"I would have been willing—would have cheerfully died," said he, "in
helping poor Mary; but to perish far away from that girl without
having lifted a hand in her defense is very mortifying!"
"Ay, ay," said Turk, "and this is a lesson to me never to give advice in
the futur'—if there be any futur' left for me on this arth! I'm as sorry
as you can be, that I got you to give up follerin' the lass at once!"
For several moments the two men stood, glancing up through the
opening in the trunk, which being directly beneath the volcano,
afforded them a good view of it.
The huge crater was spouting showers of flame and sparks, which
seemed to increase in quantity every moment.
Meanwhile the roaring noise of the subterranean fires was becoming
louder. The ground shook with the thunder in its bosom, until the
very tree in which the two men were ensconced began to tremble.
"The 'castrophy' must soon take place!" exclaimed Turk; "wish you'd
l'arn me to say a few prayers before we are swallered up! That is,"
continued the old tar, "I did l'arn my catechism, once upon a time,
but it's so long ago that the idee has been blowed out of my head by
the squalls and gales I've weathered, do you see!"
Harry answered not. His mind was full of bitter reflections, in the
midst of which his Mary, suffering in the hands of the savages,
occupied a prominent part.
"Perhaps we may burrow out of this!" he exclaimed, at length, "at all
events, let us try!"
So saying, he stooped, and went to work with hands and nails.
He made some progress, but he had not dug a foot, when his hands
came into contact with a hard substance, which resisted all his
efforts to move it.
It was a heavy stone, almost a rock in size, which had been shoved
against the opening.
"No hope!" he said, despairingly.
As he spoke, a wild yell was heard without, followed by the noise of
approaching steps.
The steps drew nearer; there was a halt made alongside the tree,
then followed a noise of dry branches being dragged along and piled
round the trunk.
"Ay! ay!" exclaimed Turk, aghast, "them heathens ain't even goin' to
give us a chance to die in them underground flames, but is agoing to
pile faggots and burn us at once."
Harry shuddered.
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