Basic Git Commands

1. git init will create a new local GIT repository. The following Git command will create a repository
in the current directory:
git intit
Alternatively, you can create a repository within a new directory by specifying the project name.

2. git clone is used to copy a repository. If the repository lies on a remote server, use:
git clone username@host:/path/to/repository

Conversely, run the following basic command to copy a local repository:

3. git add is used to add files to the staging area. For example, the basic Git following command will
index the temp.txt file:
git add <temp.txt>

4. git commit will create a snapshot of the changes and save it to the git directory.
git commit –m “Message to go with the commit here”

5. git config can be used to set user-specific configuration values like email, username, file format,
and so on. To illustrate, the command for setting up an email will look like this:
git config --global user.email [email protected]

6. The –global flag tells GIT that you’re going to use that email for all local repositories. If you want
to use different emails for different repositories, use the command below:
git config --local user.email [email protected]

7. git status displays the list of changed files together with the files that are yet to be staged or
committed.
git status

8. git push is used to send local commits to the master branch of the remote repository. Here’s the
basic code structure:
git push origin <master>

9. git checkout creates branches and helps you to navigate between them. For example, the
following basic command creates a new branch and automatically switches you to it:
To switch from one branch to another, simply use:
git checkout <branch-name>
10.git remote lets you view all remote repositories. The following command will list all connections
along with their URLs:
git remote –v

11.To connect the local repository to a remote server, use the command below:
git remote add origin <host-or-remoteURL>

12.Meanwhile, the following command will delete a connection to a specified remote repository:
git remote rm <name-of-the-repository>

13.git branch will list, create, or delete branches. For instance, if you want to list all the branches
present in the repository, the command should look like this:
git branch

14.If you want to delete a branch, use:

15.git pull merges all the changes present in the remote repository to the local working directory.
git pull

16.git merge is used to merge a branch into the active one.

17.git diff lists down conflicts. In order to view conflicts against the base file, use
git diff --base <file-name>
18.The following basic command is used to view the conflicts between branches before merging
them:
git diff <source-branch> <target-branch>

19.To list down all the present conflicts, use:

20.git tag marks specific commits. Developers usually use it to mark release points like v1.0 and
v2.0.
git tag <insert-commitID-here>

21.git log is used to see the repository’s history by listing certain commit’s details. Running the
command will get you an output that looks like this:
git log

22.git reset command will reset the index and the working directory to the last git commit’s state.
git reset --hard HEAD

23.git rm can be used to remove files from the index and the working directory.
git rm filename.txt

24.git stash command will temporarily save the changes that are not ready to be committed. That
way, you can go back to that project later on.
 git stash

25.git show is a command used to view information about any git object.
git show

26.git fetch allows users to fetch all objects from the remote repository that don’t currently reside in
the local working directory.
git fetch origin

27.git ls-tree allows you to view a tree object along with the name, the mode of each item, and the
blob’s SHA-1 value. Let’s say you want to see the HEAD, use:
git ls-tree HEAD

28.git cat-file is used to view the type and the size information of a repository object. Use the -p
option along with the object’s SHA-1 value to view the information of a specific object, for
example:
git cat-file –p d670460b4b4aece5915caf5c68d12f560a9fe3e4

29.git grep lets users search through committed trees, working directory, and staging area for
specific phrases and words. To search for www.hostinger.com in all files, use:
git grep "www.hostinger.com"

30.gitk shows the graphical interface for a local repository. Simply run:
gitk
31.git instaweb allows you to browse your local repository in the git-web interface. For instance:
git instaweb –httpd=webrick

32.git gc will clean unnecessary files and optimize the local repository.
Git gc

33.git archive lets users create a zip or a tar file containing the constituents of a single repository
tree. For instance
git archive --format=tar master

34.git fsck performs an integrity check of the git file system and identifies any corrupted objects.
git fsck
35.git rebase is used to apply certain changes from one branch to another. For instance:
git rebase master
36.git fork creates a copy of the original repository on your GitHub account