A Mini Project Report

On

“CRYPTO MINING USING NODE MCU”

SUBMITTED TO THE MUMBAI UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE TE
SEM VI.

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (Computer Engineering)

BY
MR. VISHAL LASHKARE
MR. AKASH PALVE
MR. JAY SHARMA

Supervisor:
PROF.YASHIKA VADNERKAR

YADAVRAO TASGAONKAR INSTITUTE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Affiliated to
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2023-24

1
 YADAVRAO TASGAONKAR INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
BHIVPURI RD. KARJAT (M.S.)
——————————————————————————–
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the TE Project entitled

“CRYPTO MINING USING NODE MCU”

Submitted by
Mr. Vishal Lashkare
Mr. Akash Palve
Mr. Jay Sharma
We carry out a bonafied work under the supervision of Prof. Yashika Vadnerkar and it is
submitted towards the fulfilment of the requirement of the University of Mumbai for the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Engineering SEM-VI for
academic year 2023 – 2024.

Prof. Yashika Vadnerkar Prof. Asha Gaikar

Supervisor Project Coordinator

Prof. Harish Barapatre Dr. Nilesh Pawar

Head of Department Principal, YTIET

Place: Bhivpuri Rd. Karjat

Date:

2
 YADAVRAO TASGAONKAR INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
BHIVPURI RD. KARJAT (M.S.)

——————————————————————————–

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
This is to certify that the project TE Project entitled

“CRYPTO MINING USING NODE MCU”

Submitted by
Mr. Divyesh Mahajan
Mr. Deep Patil
Mr. Soham Chandorkar
Is approved for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Engineering SEM-VI
for academic year 2023– 2024 .

Prof. prashali kamble Name And Sign of

Supervisor Examinar

Prof. Harish Barapatre Name And Sign of

Head of Department Examinar

Place: Bhivpuri Rd. Karjat

Date:

3
 YADAVRAO TASGAONKAR INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
BHIVPURI RD. KARJAT (M.S.)
——————————————————————————–

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

DECLARATION BY STUDENT
We declare that this written submission represents our ideas in our own words and where
others ideas or words have been included. We have adequately cited and referenced the
original sources. We also declare that We have adhered to all principles of academic honesty
and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source
in our submission. We understand that any violation of the above will be cause for
disciplinary action by the Institute and can also evoke penal action from the sources which
have thus not been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when
needed.

Place : Bhivpuri Rd. Karjat Mr. Vishal Lashkare

Date : Mr. Akash Palve

Mr. Jay Sharma

4
 ABSTRACT

A new digital currency in the form virtual cash, known as Bitcoin was acquainted with the
world by Satoshi in 2009. Bitcoin is the most notable computerized money. It is based on
peerto-peer distributed system with no central authority controlling it. It is based on the
technique known as Blockchain, a kind of peer-to-peer ledger system containing the record
of all transactions. All set of transactions are logged in the blocks. The new transactions
generated by the users are broadcasted using signed blocks to verify over the Bitcoin
network. The transaction is verified by mining process and added to the Blockchain. In order
to add the transaction into the block, the miner solves the cryptographic puzzle. The miners
are rewarded for their work. This paper is focused on mining strategy and reward
mechanism of the Bitcoin. The challenges in mining process are identified and probable
solutions are presented.

General Terms: Crypto mining, Node MCU Portable crypto mining

5
 Contents

1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1 . 1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.4 Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2 EXISTING SYSTEM AND DIS-ADVANTAGES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3 LITERATURE SURVEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

4 PROBLEM DEFINATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

5 PROPOSED SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.1 System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

6 METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.1 Proposed Algorithum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

7. IMPLEMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

8. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

8.1 Hardware Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

8.2 Software Requirmwnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

9. SYSTEM ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

10. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
11.REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

6
List of Figures

Fig.No Fig.name Page.No

5.1 System architeture 11

6.1 Proposed algoritham 13

9.1 Result of the Project 19

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

In recent years, the world has witnessed an increase in the frequency and severity of floods,
posing significant challenges to communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems. The ability to
accurately monitor water levels in real-time is crucial for timely response and mitigation
efforts. Leveraging advancements in Internet of Things (IoT) technology, our project
introduces a comprehensive Flood Monitoring System powered by Think Speak.

The Flood Monitoring System offers an innovative approach to gather, analyze, and visualize
critical data related to water levels in flood-prone areas. By integrating IoT sensors with the
Think Speak platform, our system provides continuous monitoring and remote access to
flood-related data in real-time. This enables stakeholders, including government agencies,
emergency responders, and local communities, to make informed decisions and take
proactive measures to mitigate the impact of flooding events.

Through this project, we aim to address the pressing need for reliable flood monitoring
solutions that can adapt to dynamic environmental conditions. By harnessing the power of
IoT and ThingSpeak, our system offers a scalable and cost-effective approach to flood
management, enhancing resilience and preparedness in vulnerable regions. This introduction
sets the stage for a detailed exploration of our Flood Monitoring System, highlighting its
components, functionality, and potential impact on disaster response and management.

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1.1 OVERVIEW

Flood monitoring systems play a crucial role in early warning and mitigation efforts,
especially in regions prone to flooding. In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has
emerged as a promising technology for developing efficient and scalable flood monitoring
solutions. This abstract introduces a novel flood monitoring system that leverages IoT
devices and the ThingSpeak platform for real-time data collection, analysis, and
dissemination.

The proposed system consists of a network of IoT sensors deployed in flood-prone areas to
monitor key environmental parameters such as water level, rainfall intensity, and
temperature. These sensors are equipped with connectivity capabilities, allowing them to
transmit data to a central server via the internet. The ThingSpeak platform is utilized as the
central data repository and analysis tool, offering features such as data visualization,
analytics, and alerting.

Upon receiving data from the IoT sensors, the ThingSpeak platform processes and analyzes
the information in real-time to detect potential flood events. Advanced analytics techniques,
including machine learning algorithms, may be employed to forecast flood occurrences based
on historical data patterns. In the event of a flood alert, the system can automatically trigger
notifications to relevant authorities and stakeholders via email, SMS, or other communication
channels.

Furthermore, the system offers a user-friendly interface for stakeholders to access real-time
and historical flood data, aiding in decision-making and emergency response planning.
Additionally, the scalability and flexibility of the IoT architecture enable easy deployment
and expansion of the monitoring network to cover larger geographical areas.

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1.2 OBJECTIVE

develop a Flood Monitoring System utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology integrated
with ThingSpeak platform to accurately detect, monitor, and analyze flood conditions in real-
time. This system aims to provide timely and actionable information to authorities and
stakeholders to mitigate risks, minimize damages, and enhance preparedness and response
efforts in flood-prone areas.
Develop a reliable and cost-effective sensor network capable of accurately detecting and
monitoring water levels in real-time.
Implement an efficient data transmission mechanism to securely transmit water level data to
the ThingSpeak platform for analysis and visualization.
Integrate an alerting mechanism with the system to promptly notify relevant authorities and
stakeholders via a buzzer in case of significant rise in water levels or abnormal flow patterns.
Ensure the scalability and flexibility of the system to accommodate varying environmental
conditions and geographical locations.
Incorporate mechanisms for system maintenance and troubleshooting to ensure
continuous and uninterrupted operation.
Conduct thorough testing and validation procedures to verify the accuracy, reliability, and
responsiveness of the Flood Monitoring System under simulated flood scenarios.
Provide user-friendly interfaces for both administrators and end-users to access real-time
data, configure system settings, and manage alerts efficiently.
Collaborate with local authorities, community organizations, and relevant stakeholders to
ensure seamless integration of the system into existing flood management strategies and
emergency response protocols.
Continuously monitor and evaluate the performance of the system to identify areas for
improvement and optimize its functionality over time.
Adhere to relevant standards and regulations pertaining to flood monitoring systems and IoT
technologies to ensure compliance and interoperability.

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 1.3 SCOPE

The future of Flood Monitoring Systems lies in the integration of IoT (Internet of Things)
technology to enhance their capabilities, efficiency, and effectiveness. Here's a glimpse into
what the future might hold for IoT-based Flood Monitoring Systems:
1.Advanced Sensor Technologies: IoT-based flood monitoring systems will leverage
advanced sensor technologies for more accurate and real-time data collection. This could
include the use of drones equipped with high-resolution cameras and LiDAR sensors to
monitor water levels, detect blockages in drainage systems, and assess flood damage.
2.Predictive Analytics: By integrating IoT devices with AI (Artificial Intelligence) and
machine learning algorithms, flood monitoring systems can move beyond simply detecting
water levels to predicting and forecasting flood events. These systems will analyze historical
data, weather patterns, soil moisture levels, and other relevant factors to provide early
warnings and proactive flood management strategies.
3.Remote Monitoring and Control: IoT-based flood monitoring systems will enable remote
monitoring and control capabilities, allowing authorities to access real-time data and control
flood management infrastructure such as flood gates, pumps, and barriers from a centralized
dashboard. This remote access will improve response times and coordination during flood
events.
4.Community Engagement: Future IoT-based flood monitoring systems will incorporate
community engagement features, such as mobile applications and social media integration, to
empower citizens to contribute to flood monitoring efforts. Citizens can report local flooding
incidents, upload photos or videos, and receive real-time alerts and evacuation instructions
through these platforms.
5.Integration with Smart Cities: As cities become smarter and more interconnected, IoT-
based flood monitoring systems will seamlessly integrate with other smart city infrastructure,
such as traffic management systems, emergency response systems, and urban planning
initiatives. This integration will enable holistic approaches to flood management and urban
resilience.
6.Environmental Monitoring: In addition to monitoring water levels and flood risk, IoT-based
flood monitoring systems will expand to include environmental monitoring capabilities. This
could involve monitoring water quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem health in flood-prone
areas to better understand

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 1.4 COMPONENT

Node mcu 8266

Jumper wire

Ultrasonic HC-SR04 sensor

Red and Green LEDs

NodeMCU ESP8266: NodeMCU is a low-cost open source IoT platform. It initially included firmware
which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware which was based on the
ESP- 12 module. ESP8266 is a system-on-chip (SoC) which integrates a 32- bit microcontroller.

Green and blue LED

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 HC-RC 04 sensor:
This is the HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor. This economical sensor
provides 2cm to 400cm of non-contact measurement functionality with a
ranging accuracy that can reach up to 3mm. Each HC-SR04 module includes
an ultrasonic transmitter, a receiver and a control circuit.

Jumper wire

A jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper wire, DuPont wire) is an electrical wire, or
group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end (or sometimes without them –
simply "tinned"), which is normally used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or
other prototype or test circuit

CHAPTER 2
13
 EXISTENCE SYSTEM AND DISADVANTAGES

1.River Gauges and Sensors: River gauges and sensors are installed along waterways to
measure various parameters such as water level, flow rate, and rainfall intensity. These
sensors can be traditional mechanical devices or modern electronic sensors that transmit data

wirelessly to a central monitoring station.

2.Remote Sensing Technologies: Remote sensing technologies, including satellites,

radar systems, and aerial drones, are used to monitor large-scale environmental conditions
such as precipitation, soil moisture, and river discharge. Satellite imagery and radar data
provide valuable information for flood forecasting and monitoring over wide geographic
areas.

3.Telemetry and Communication Networks: Flood monitoring systems often utilize

telemetry and communication networks to transmit real-time data from remote sensors to a
central database or control center. These networks may include satellite communication,
cellular networks, radio telemetry, or internet-based communication protocols.

4.Hydrological Models: Hydrological models are mathematical representations of the

processes that govern the movement of water through the hydrological cycle. These models
use data from river gauges, weather stations, and other sources to simulate river flow, predict
flood risk, and generate flood forecasts.

5.Data Analysis and Decision Support Systems: Flood monitoring

systems incorporate data analysis and decision support systems to process and analyze large
volumes of data collected from sensors and remote sensing platforms. These systems use
statistical methods, machine learning algorithms, and geographic information systems (GIS)
to identify patterns, trends, and anomalies in the data and support decision-making by
emergency responders and policymakers.

6.Early Warning Systems: Early warning systems are designed to provide timely alerts
and warnings to communities at risk of flooding. These systems use real-time data from flood

14
monitoring sensors and models to trigger alarms, send notifications, and disseminate
emergency information through various communication channels such as sirens, text

messages, and social media.

7.Community Engagement and Education: Many flood monitoring systems include

community engagement and education initiatives to raise awareness

Disadvantages

1.Limited Coverage:

2.Lack of Real-Time Data.

3.Sensitivity to Environmental Factors

4.High Cost: Implementing and maintaining

5.Vulnerability to Damage:.

6.Complex Data Interpretation:

CHAPTER 3

15
 Literature survey

IoT based flood monitoring system that measure water level in real time. The
prototype is based on idea that the level of water can be very important parameterwhen it
comes to the flood occurrencesespecially in disaster prone area. A water level sensor is used
to detect the desired parameter and if the water level reaches the parameter the signal will be
freed in real time to thinkspeak visulisation like platform. A cloud server was configured as
data repository. The measurement of water level are displayed in dashboard platform. The
proposed solution with integrated sensory system that allows inner monitoring of water
quality. Alerts and relevant data are transmitted over the internet to a cloud server and can be
received by user terminal owned by consumer. The outcome of water measurement is
displayed in web based remote dashboard.

CHAPTER 4
16
 PROBLEM DEFINATION

1.Sensitivity and Accuracy: Designing sensors and algorithms capable of accurately

detecting small changes in water levels with high sensitivity, while minimizing false alarms
due to environmental noise or fluctuations.

2.Overflow Detection: Developing reliable methods for detecting overflow conditions,

where water levels exceed safe limits and pose an immediate risk to surrounding areas.

3.Real-time Alerting: Implementing a robust alerting mechanism that can quickly notify
relevant authorities and individuals when flood conditions are detected, enabling prompt
response and evacuation efforts.

4.Integration and Compatibility: Ensuring compatibility and seamless integration

with existing flood management systems, emergency response protocols, and communication

networks to facilitate coordinated action during flood events .

5.Power and Connectivity: Addressing challenges related to power supply and
connectivity in remote or inaccessible areas, where reliable electricity and internet access
may be limited.

CHAPTER 5
17
 PROPOSED SYSTEM

5.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

1.Water Level Sensor:

•The system begins with an IoT-based water level sensor placed in the area prone to
flooding. This sensor continuously measures the water level in the designated location.

2Buzzer Alarm:

•An alarm buzzer is connected to the MCU. When the water level exceeds the threshold and
overflow is detected, the MCU activates the buzzer to sound the alarm.

•The alarm serves as an audible alert to notify nearby individuals of the flooding situation .

3.ThingSpeak Integration:

•The MCU is configured to send the water level data to the ThingSpeak platform using its
API.

•ThingSpeak is a cloud-based IoT platform that allows for real-time data collection, storage,
and visualization.

4.Data Representation on ThingSpeak:

•ThingSpeak provides customizable visualization tools to represent the received data.

•The water level data collected by the MCU is displayed in real-time on ThingSpeak's

dashboard, allowing users to monitor the water level remotely.

5.Internet Connectivity:

•The system requires an internet connection to transmit data to the ThingSpeak platform.

•This can be achieved through various means, such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet, or cellular
connectivity, depending on the deployment location and availability of internet infrastructure.

6.Power Supply:

18
•The system requires a reliable power source to operate continuously.

•Depending on the deployment location, this could be mains power, battery backup, or solar
power, ensuring uninterrupted operation even during power outages.

CHAPTER 6

METHODOLOGY
6.1 PROPOSED ALGORITHUM

19
1.nitialize constants and variables:

•Define the pins for ultrasonic sensor (trigPin1 and echoPin1), LEDs (redled and grnled), and
buzzer (BUZZER).

•Declare ThingSpeak channel number (ch_no), write API key (write_api), and Wi-Fi
credentils (ssid and pass).

•Initialize the WiFiClient object (client).

•Declare variables to store the start time (startMillis), current time (currentMillis), and the
duration and distance measured by the ultrasonic sensor.

2.Setup function:

•Configure pin modes for the ultrasonic sensor, LEDs, and buzzer.

•Initialize the serial communication for debugging purposes.

•Connect to the Wi-Fi network using the provided credentials.

•Initialize the ThingSpeak library with the WiFi client.

•Set the start time to the current time.

3 Main loop function:

•Send a trigger pulse to the ultrasonic sensor to initiate distance measurement.

•Measure the duration of the echo pulse returned by the ultrasonic sensor and calculate
the distance based on the speed of sound.

•Print the measured distance to the serial monitor for debugging.

•If the measured distance is less than or equal to 4 (indicating overflow):

•Turn on the red LED and activate the buzzer to indicate overflow.

•Turn off the green LED.

•Delay for 1.5 seconds and stop the buzzer.

•If the measured distance is greater than 4 (no overflow):

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•Turn on the green LED and turn off the red LED.

•Check if it's time to update ThingSpeak (every 10 seconds):

•Set the field value to the measured distance.

•Write the field values to the ThingSpeak channel.

•Update the start time for the next update cycle.

CHAPTER 7

IMPEMENTATION

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 1. River Basins and Watersheds: FMS can be installed along rivers, streams, and
watersheds to monitor water levels and detect changes in flow patterns. This helps in
predicting flood events and managing water resources more effectively.
2. Coastal Areas: Coastal regions are prone to flooding due to storm surges, high
tides, and sea level rise. FMS can be deployed to monitor sea levels, wave heights, and
tidal fluctuations, providing early warnings of coastal flooding.
3. Urban Areas: Urban areas with poor drainage systems or high impervious surfaces
are vulnerable to flash floods during heavy rainfall. FMS can be integrated with urban
infrastructure to monitor stormwater runoff, sewer overflows, and inundation levels in
streets and neighborhoods.
4. Critical Infrastructure: FMS can be installed near critical infrastructure such as
dams, levees, bridges, and power plants to monitor water levels and assess flood risk.
This helps in ensuring the safety and resilience of infrastructure assets during flood
events.
5. Agricultural Lands: Agricultural areas are susceptible to flooding, which can
damage crops, soil, and infrastructure. FMS can be used to monitor soil moisture
levels, river flows, and precipitation, enabling farmers to make informed decisions
about irrigation, drainage, and crop management.
6. Remote or Inaccessible Areas: Remote or inaccessible regions with limited
infrastructure may lack traditional flood monitoring systems. FMS with IoT
technology can be deployed in these areas to provide real-time data on water levels and
flood conditions, improving disaster preparedness and response efforts.
7. Developing Countries: Developing countries often face challenges in managing
flood risk due to limited resources and infrastructure. FMS can be implemented in
these regions to enhance early warning systems, support disaster management

CHAPTER 8

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUREMENT

8.1 Hardware Setup:

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  Choose appropriate water level sensors (such as ultrasonic sensors or pressure
transducers) and microcontroller boards (such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi).
 Connect the water level sensors to the microcontroller boards and ensure proper
wiring and connections.
 Add additional components like LEDs for visual alerts and a buzzer for audible
alerts.
8.2 Software Development:
 Write firmware or software code for the microcontroller boards to read data from
the water level sensors.
 Implement algorithms to calculate water levels based on sensor readings and
determine overflow conditions.
 Add logic to trigger visual and audible alerts (such as LED blinking and buzzer
activation) when overflow is detected.
 Integrate with IoT platforms like ThingSpeak for data logging, visualization, and
remote monitoring.

Code:
[3:19 pm, 30/3/2024] Deep Patil: #include "ThingSpeak.h"

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

const int trigPin1 = D1;

const int echoPin1 = D2;

#define redled D3

#define grnled D4

#define BUZZER D5 //buzzer pin

unsigned long ch_no = 1053193;//Replace with Thingspeak Channel number

const char * write_api = "1WGTOHK9622G57JI";//Replace with Thingspeak write API

char auth[] = "mwa0000018384149";

char ssid[] = "Alsan Air WiFi 4";

char pass[] = "11122235122@kap1";

unsigned long startMillis;

23
unsigned long currentMillis;

const unsigned long period = 10000;

WiFiClient client;

long duration1;

int distance1;

void setup()

pinMode(trigPin1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(echoPin1, INPUT);

pinMode(redled, OUTPUT);

pinMode(grnled, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(redled, LOW);

digitalWrite(grnled, LOW);

Serial.begin(115200);

WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)

delay(500);

Serial.print(".");

Serial.println("WiFi connected");

Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

ThingSpeak.begin(client);

startMillis = millis(); //initial start time

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void loop()

digitalWrite(trigPin1, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(trigPin1, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigPin1, LOW);

duration1 = pulseIn(echoPin1, HIGH);

distance1 = duration1 * 0.034 / 2;

Serial.println(distance1);

if (distance1 <= 4)

digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);

tone(BUZZER, 300);

digitalWrite(D4, LOW);

delay(1500);

noTone(BUZZER);

else

digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);

digitalWrite(D3, LOW);

currentMillis = millis();

if (currentMillis - startMillis >= period)

25
 ThingSpeak.setField(1, distance1);

ThingSpeak.writeFields(ch_no, write_api);

startMillis = currentMillis;

[5:58 pm, 30/3/2024] Jontya Raj gaikwad Ytiet, 5050: 099236 79014

CHAPTER 9

26
 SYSTEM ANALYSIS

1.Sensor Deployment:

•Flood monitoring systems utilize various types of sensors to measure parameters such as
water level, rainfall intensity, and weather conditions.

•Sensors are strategically deployed in flood-prone areas, including rivers, streams, coastal
regions, and urban drainage systems.

2.Data Collection:

•Sensors continuously collect data on relevant environmental parameters, such as water level
readings from river gauges or rainfall measurements from rain gauges.

•Data collected by the sensors are transmitted to a central monitoring station or a cloud-based
platform for processing and analysis.

3.Data Processing and Analysis:

•At the monitoring station or cloud platform, collected data undergoes processing and
analysis to identify trends, patterns, and anomalies indicative of potential flood events.

•Advanced algorithms may be employed to analyze historical data, predict flood risks, and
issue early warnings.

4.Early Warning Systems:

•Based on the analysis of collected data, the flood monitoring system may trigger early
warning alerts when certain thresholds are exceeded.

•Early warning systems utilize various communication channels to disseminate alerts to

relevant stakeholders, including emergency responders, government agencies, and the general
public.

•Alerts may be issued through SMS, email, sirens, mobile applications, or other
communication channels, depending on the capabilities of the system and the preferences of
end-users.

5.Response and Mitigation:

27
•Upon receiving flood alerts, emergency responders and authorities can initiate response and
mitigation measures to minimize the impact of the flood event.

•Response actions may include evacuations, deployment of rescue teams, activation of flood
control infrastructure (e.g., flood barriers), and dissemination of safety information to
affected communities.

CHAPTER 10
CONCLUSION

28
An IoT-based Flood Monitoring System integrated with ThingSpeak provides an effective
solution for monitoring water levels and issuing overflow alerts in flood-prone areas. By
leveraging IoT technology and cloud-based platforms, the system enhances disaster
preparedness, facilitates timely response, and promotes community resilience to flooding
events. Investing in such systems is essential for protecting lives, property, and infrastructure
in vulnerable regions.

29
 CHAPTER 11
REFERENCE

flood monitoring system is an integrated network of sensors, data processing tools, and
communication channels designed to detect, monitor, and respond to flood events in real-
time. It collects data on water levels, rainfall, and other relevant parameters, analyzes this
data to identify flood risks, and issues early warning alerts to stakeholders. By providing
timely information and enabling proactive measures, flood monitoring systems help mitigate
the impacts of floods, protect lives, and minimize damage to property and
infrastructure."Flood Monitoring and Early Warning Systems: A Review of Methods and
Technologies" by Seonki Park et al. (2018) - This paper provides a comprehensive review of
different methods and technologies used in flood monitoring and early warning systems.

"Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Flood Monitoring System" by S.S. Vutukuru et al. (2019) -
This paper discusses the use of remote sensing and GIS technologies for flood monitoring.

"Design of a Wireless Sensor Network-Based Flood Monitoring System" by M. Shobowale et

al. (2016) - This paper presents the design and implementation of a wireless sensor network
for flood monitoring.
"Hydrological Sensor Networks: A Review" by J. M. Lazo et al. (2017) - This review article
discusses various types of sensors used in hydrological monitoring, including those relevant
to flood monitoring.

https://iotprojectsideas.com/iot-based-flood-monitoring-system-using-nodemcu-thingspeak

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