Department of Mathematics Tutorial sheet 1

Program B. Tech. (SoCS/SoAE) Semester II

Course Advanced Engineering Mathematics II Course Code MATH1065
Session January-May 2025 Unit I Numerical Methods and
Optimization

1. (i) Find a positive real root of the equation 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 = 0 by bisection method, correct
up to three decimal places.
(ii) Using Newton-Raphson method, find the real root of the equation 𝑥 log10 𝑥 =
1.2 correct to three decimal places.
1⁄
(iii) Find a positive value of (17) 3 correct to three decimal places by Newton-Raphson
method.
(iv) The graph of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 12 crosses the 𝑥-axis twice.
Use the Newton-Raphson method to compute the abscissa of the point correct to
three decimal places where it crosses the positive 𝑥-axis.
2. Prove the following relations, where the symbols have their usual meanings:
(i) (𝐸 1⁄2 + 𝐸 −1⁄2 )𝐸 1⁄2 ≡ 2 + ∆.
∆f(x)
(ii) ∆ log 𝑓(𝑥) = log {1 + }.
𝑓(𝑥)
∆ ∇
(iii) ∆ + ∇≡ ∇ − ∆.
3. (i) From the following table of half-yearly premiums for policies maturing at different
ages, estimate the premium for policies maturing at age of 46, using Newton’s
forward difference interpolation formula.
𝐴𝑔𝑒 45 50 55 60 65
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑢𝑚 (𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑠) 114.84 96.16 83.32 74.48 68.48
(ii) Using Newton’s forward difference interpolation formula, find a cubic polynomial
𝑓(𝑥) from the following data. Hence, evaluate 𝑓(0.5).
𝑥 0 1 2 3
𝑓(𝑥) 1 2 1 10
(iii) The population of a town was as given:
𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 (𝑥) 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931
𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑦)(𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠) 46 66 81 93 101
Estimate the population for the year 1925.
4. (i) Using Lagrange’s interpolation formula, Compute the value of 𝑓(𝑥) for 𝑥 = 10
from the following data.

𝑥 5 6 9 11
𝑓(𝑥) 12 13 14 16
Department of Mathematics Tutorial sheet 1

(ii) By means of Newton’s divided difference formula, find the values of 𝑓(6) and
𝑓(12) from the following table:
𝑥 4 5 7 10 11 13
𝑓(𝑥) 48 100 294 900 1210 2028

5. (i) Using Lagrange’s interpolation formula, find the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥) from the following
data and hence evaluate 𝑓′(3.4) and 𝑓′′(3.4).

𝑥 0 1 2 5
𝑓(𝑥) 2 3 12 147

(ii) Using the following table, find the interpolating polynomial 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥 −1 0 2 3 7 10
𝑓(𝑥) −11 1 1 1 141 561

Also, find the first three derivatives of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 6 using Newton’s divided
difference interpolation formula.
1
6. (i) Compute the value of ∫0 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 using Trapezoidal rule, considering five subintervals.
(ii) A curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is drawn to pass through the points given by the following
table:

𝑥 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

𝑓(𝑥) 2 2.4 2.7 2.8 3 2.6 2.1

Find the area bounded by the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), the 𝑥-axis and the lines 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 =
1
4 using Simpson’s (3)rd rule.
1 1 3
(iii) Evaluate ∫0 1+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 by using Simpson’s 8 rule. Hence obtain the approximate
value of 𝜋, dividing the range into six equal parts.

7. (i) Using Picard’s method of successive approximations, obtain a solution up to fifth

𝑑𝑦
approximation of the equation 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦 + 𝑥, such that 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 0.
(ii) Use Euler’s method to obtain an approximate value of 𝑦(0.4) for the equation
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 + 𝑦, 𝑦(0) = 1 with ℎ = 0.1.
𝑑𝑥

8. (i) Using Runge-Kutta method of fourth order, find 𝑦 for 𝑥 = 0.2 given that;
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 + 𝑦, 𝑦(0) = 1, with ℎ = 0.1.
𝑑𝑥

(ii) Apply the Runge-Kutta method of fourth order to find an approximate value of
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 for 𝑥 = 0.2 in steps of 0.1, if 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 , 𝑦(0) = 1.
Department of Mathematics Tutorial sheet 1

9. (i) Solve the following system of linear equations:

𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 5; 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 6𝑧 = −4; 𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 10;
using Gauss’s elimination method.
(ii) Solve the following system of equations
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4.5
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = 5
−𝑦 + 2𝑧 = −0.5
by using Gauss-Seidel method correct to two places of decimal, starting with the
initial approximations as 𝑥0 = 0.4, 𝑦0 = 1.6, 𝑧0 = 0.4.
10. (i) Define a convex set. Show that 𝐶 = {(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ): 2𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 = 7} ⊂ 𝑅 2 is a convex
set.
(ii) Prove that the intersection of two convex sets is a convex set. Is union of two
convex sets is necessarily convex set? Justify your answer.
(iii) Apply the simplex method to solve the following LPP:
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑧 = 3𝑥1 + 5𝑥2 + 4𝑥3
subject to the constraints
2𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 ≤ 8
2𝑥2 + 5𝑥3 ≤ 10
3𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 4𝑥3 ≤ 15
and 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ≥ 0.