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DNS and URLs Guide

The document explains the Domain Name System (DNS) as a crucial tool for translating domain names into IP addresses, detailing its operational steps from user input to webpage retrieval. It also describes the structure of Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), highlighting their components such as protocol, subdomain, and parameters. Practical activities are suggested for students to enhance their understanding of DNS and URL functionalities in web design and development.

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samuel asefa
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4 views3 pages

DNS and URLs Guide

The document explains the Domain Name System (DNS) as a crucial tool for translating domain names into IP addresses, detailing its operational steps from user input to webpage retrieval. It also describes the structure of Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), highlighting their components such as protocol, subdomain, and parameters. Practical activities are suggested for students to enhance their understanding of DNS and URL functionalities in web design and development.

Uploaded by

samuel asefa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Understanding DNS and URLs

Domain Name System (DNS)

The DNS is essential for translating human-readable domain names into IP addresses, which

computers use to locate web resources.

Key Points:

1. Role:

- Acts as the "directory" of the internet, mapping URLs to IP addresses.

- Removes the need to remember complex IP addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.1 or

2400:cb00:2048:1::c629:d7a2).

2. How DNS Works:

- Step 1: User enters a URL into a browser.

- Step 2: Request goes to a DNS resolver.

- Step 3: Resolver contacts a DNS Root Server.

- Step 4: Root server directs query to a TLD server (e.g., .com).

- Step 5: TLD server provides the domain nameserver's address.

- Step 6: Resolver queries the domain nameserver for the IP address.

- Step 7: Resolver returns the IP address to the browser.

- Step 8: Browser sends an HTTP request to the IP address.

- Step 9: Server responds with the webpage.

Applications for Web Designers and Developers:

- Ensures websites are accessible via domain names.

- Helps manage subdomains (e.g., blog.domain.com).


Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

URLs are the addresses of resources on the web and consist of multiple components.

Key Components of a URL:

1. Protocol:

- Specifies communication method (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS, FTP).

- HTTPS encrypts data for security.

2. Subdomain:

- Optional prefix (e.g., www, blog, store).

3. Domain:

- Main identifier (e.g., example.com).

4. Top-Level Domain (TLD):

- Indicates type or location of domain (e.g., .com, .org, .et).

5. Subfolder:

- Organizes content (e.g., domain.com/shoes).

6. Slug:

- Identifies specific pages (e.g., /best-laptops).

7. URL Parameters:

- Additional data passed after a ? (e.g., ?color=blue).

Applications for Web Designers and Developers:

- Organize content with subfolders and slugs.

- Use secure protocols (HTTPS) for data protection.

- Choose TLDs that reflect branding and site categorization.

Practical Activity Ideas:


1. DNS:

- Use online tools to find IP addresses of domains.

- Trace DNS resolution steps using a diagram.

- Configure a DNS resolver to test website accessibility.

2. URL:

- Identify components of example URLs.

- Design meaningful slugs and parameters for projects (e.g.,

shop.com/products?category=electronics).

By combining theory with hands-on activities, students gain practical skills in web design and

development.

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