LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.
GIFT OF

Class
 LACE-MAKING
IN THE MIDLANDS
 AT WORK
OLD FASHIONED PILLOW AND STAND
LACE-MAKING
IN THE MIDLANDS
PAST AND PRESENT

BY

C. C. CHANNER
AND

M. E. ROBERTS

METHUEN & CO.

36 ESSEX STREET, W.C.
LONDON
1900
 DEDICATED BY PERMISSION
TO
HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS LOUISE
THE DUCHESS OF ARGYLL
(PRESIDENT OF THE LADIES' WORK SOCIETY)

228423
 CONTENTS
PAGE
I. PROGRESS OF LACE-MAKING IN EUROPE . . i

II. PROGRESS OF LACE-MAKING IN ENGLAND .

.17
III. LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS DURING THE
EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES 23

IV. LACE SCHOOLS . . ... 30

V. LACE-MAKERS AT HOME . . .
40

VI. DECLINE OF THE LACE INDUSTRY . .

45

VII. REVIVAL OF THE LACE INDUSTRY . .

53

VIII. THE CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF LACE-

MAKING AT THE PRESENT TIME , 61
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIG.

1.
At Work ....
Cut- Work or Greek Lace, Sixteenth Century
Frontispiece

. .
PAGE

2. Torchon Edging and Braid . .

4

3. Italian Lace with Continuous Braid closely connected

with Sewings. Photograph from South Kensington
Museum . . ... 6

4. Seventeenth-Century Italian Lace. Photograph from

South Kensington Museum .
7

5. Continuous Braid Pattern, with Fillings and Plaited

Net. Photograph from South Kensington Museum 10

6. Dutch Lace. Braid and ground worked in one across

the pattern . . . 12

7. Catherine of Aragon Lace . . .

19

8. Lace made for Princess Royal when an Infant .

27

9. Draught for Parchment used for making Lace at the

Exhibition of 1851 . . . 28

10 & n. English Designs for Point Ground, earlier part of

nineteenth century . . .
42

12. Maltese Lace made in the Midlands . . .

46

13. Lace now made at Paulers Pury . .

59

14. Modern Lace made

Style .
at

.
East Haddon
. ...
after old Italian

67

15. Lace in Italian Style, made by C. C. Channer . . 68

1 6. Design for Lace Fan, by M. E. Roberts .

79
 LACE-MAKING
IN THE MIDLANDS

SKETCH OF THE PROGRESS OF

LACE-MAKING IN EUROPE

THE history of lace-making is the history of

an art. piece Aof lace is an artistic composi-

tion expressed in twisted thread, just as a piece

of wood-carving is the expression of the artist's
idea in chiselled wood. Lace is not, like em-
broidery, an ornamented fabric ;
it is itself

ornament. not the application of art to

It is

a craft ;
the whole pattern is the fabric, and
the fabric is the pattern. It is this peculiarity

that distinguishes lace from needlework and

from woven-work.
The art is a comparatively modern one. No
trace of it can be found on ancient monuments
" "
or in early records ;
the term old lace is

B
2 LACE- MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS
a relative term, for before the sixteenth century
nothing that we should call "lace" existed.
It was about the close of the seventeenth
century that lace reached perhaps its highest
point as a vehicle for the expression of artistic
ideas. About the middle of the sixteenth

century pattern -books began to be published,

and it was the effort to carry out the ideas of
the designers of patterns which perfected the
craft of lace-making. In form, in line, in

composition, the patterns belonging to the best

periods of lace -making are among the most
perfect works that artistic design can show.
Without good design lace becomes worthless
rubbish, like a picture without drawing.
In seeking to discover the origin of the art we
find two distinct but equally important sources.
The first is the ornamentation of linen by means
of drawn-thread work and cut-work ;
the second
is the twisting of threads into narrow ornamen-
"
tal braids, known as lace or purling."
Drawn -thread work, at least in its simpler

forms, is familiar to most people. When

very
fine and elaborate it has much the same effect
as a closely -worked piece of lace. Cut- work,
or Greek lace as it is sometimes called, is less
familiar. formed by cutting out in linen
It is

patterns, usually geometrical, and then closely

button -holing over the threads which remain.
 LACE-MAKING IN EUROPE 3

Take away the linen foundation from the drawn-

thread work and from the cut -work and you
have a true needlepoint lace.
The second source of which I spoke is

purling. Purling was a method of plaiting

threads into a looped edging, and the
little

little loops so often to be found at the edge

of lace are still called "purls." Purling is

mentioned in the Canterbury Tales, and it was

much used in the fifteenth century as an orna-
mental edging.
Other edgings called lace were also made.
We should now them fancy braid, but we
call

still use the old word when we speak of "gold

lace."

"Purling" and "lace" are pillow lace in

embryo; but pillows, bobbins, and pins were
not yet invented. These old lace-makers placed
their balls of thread in a man's hand, using his

fingers as pegs to assist in the plaiting and

twisting. By employing two men fifteen or

twenty threads could be used at once. What

a laborious method of obtaining so small a
result, we think, as we lightly hang our hundred
or more bobbins on to the modern pin !

The early pin was large, and was made of

boxwood or bone, not well adapted for lace-
making. Their manufacture rapidly improved,
and though they remained expensive articles
4 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

of luxury they were, to a certain extent, in

common use about the latter part of the six-
teenth century. It was about this period that

pillow lace-making commenced.

With the use of pin and pillow the early
edgings became elaborated into something
more like modern lace edgings, and they were
probably made in England, as well as in Italy,
Flanders, and other countries. modern A
torchon edging is not unlike the Italian edging
of the sixteenth century, as the use for such

simple ornament has not passed away.

Before proceeding to describe the further

progress of lace-making we must draw par-

ticular attention to this method of twisting
threads into a pattern to form an edging, as
we shall frequently need to refer to it again.
We notice that an outcome of the fancy
it is

braid, and that there is no distinction between

pattern and ground. The pattern can easily
be pricked out on lines at an angle of 45 drawn
on the parchment.
The threads are kept in place by means of
pins, and are continuous that is to say, each
;

thread can be traced zigzagging through the

whole length of the lace and lace-work, across
the width of the edging from side to side, just
as one would plait a dozen strands of straw.
I shall in future term this method "working
 LACE-MAKING IN EUROPE 5

across the pattern," in order to distinguish it

from the method of following the separate lines
of the pattern which we shall find in some of
the elaborate pillow laces.
In describing the edgings we have wandered
far from the ornamental linen-work which we
mentioned as one of the sources of the art of

lace-making.
Though book deals with pillow lace, and
this

the linen-work of Italy was more immediately

the parent of needlepoint lace, it is none the
less important to us. Needlepoint and pillow
lace were developed side by side, first in Italy
and Flanders, and afterwards in France. The
same lace-making districts often produced both
needlepoint and pillow work ;
the same patterns
often serve for either. Many pillow stitches are
imitations of needle stitches ;
without the in-
fluence of needlepoint it seems likely that

purling and lace-making would never have

progressed beyond the making of narrow fancy
edgings.
It will be interesting to trace the evolution
of the various kinds of pillow lace, the inter-

dependent development of pattern, stitch, and

method. This evolution we will regard as being

entirely independent of the art of making the

simple edgings already explained.
In the oldest Italian or Flemish lace of any
6 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

importance we find that the foundation of the

fabric is a braid or tape. This braid, made with
bobbins and pins on a pillow, takes the place of
the button-holing which forms the solid part
of needlepoint lace it follows the curves and
;

lines of the pattern, and the various turns and

"
curves are connected by means of sewings."
The sewing, as now practised by Honiton
and Brussels lace-workers, is formed by catching
a thread through a pinhole in an adjacent piece
of braid and passing another thread through
the loop thus formed. In this way a pattern
worked inseparate narrow lines is all joined
into a homogeneous whole. Sometimes, instead
of the braids being closely united, two threads
are twisted, or four threads are plaited, into a
"
little bar or bride," fastened with a sewing into
a part of the pattern at some distance and then
carried back into the braid. These brides or
connecting bars are a marked feature of some
needlepoint lace, though of course here they
are made in quite a different manner.
The manner in which the braid is carried
round the curves is extremely ingenious, and
very superior to the later methods of Honiton
and Brussels workers. By working partly
across the braid and then returning to the
outer edge of the curve a kind of wedge can
be formed, which brings the work round flat
 LACE-MAKING IN EUROPE 7

without any apparent thickening of the material.

There are many old patterns, like the illustra-
tions, in which the lines of the pattern are

continuous, but this is not necessary. By end-

ing a braid and beginning another in a different

part of the parchment, by cutting off bobbins
or adding them, in order to alter the width of
the lines, any pattern published by the designers
could be followed. fancy stitches, some
Many
taken from the edging laces, were used to vary
the monotony of the plain braid, and purls like
the purling of the fourteenth century could be
worked along its edge.
While needlepoint lace was first confined to

geometrical patterns, the braid lent itself to

curves, and pillow lace may have for a time led
the way improvement of patterns. In
in the

the seventeenth century patterns for both kinds

of lace developed rapidly; from curves and
scrolls we go on to stems, leaves, and flowers,
and even animals and men appear beautiful
little drawings worked out in lace.

Needlepoint lace, instead of consisting only

of solid work and brides, begins to show
"
fillings-in
"
or
"
modes " delicate open-work
stitches which form the centres of flowers, etc.
Pillow lace was not left behind. It was a

simple matter to curve a braid into the form

of a flower then, by means of sewings, threads
;
8 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

could be attached to the edge of the braid and

the flower centre filled with open-work stitches
to rival the modes of the needlepoint.
Perhaps will be as well to remark, in pass-
it

ing, that about this time needlepoint workers

sometimes used a plain pillow braid, and, sewing
it on to their
patterns, joined and ornamented
it with their stitches, thus saving themselves

the labour of working the solid part of their

pattern.
This kind of work was revived in this century,

and was known among lady fancy-workers as

"point lace." The work was often beautifully
done, and the patterns good, but is
always
it

inferior in effect to genuine needlepoint lace or

to pillow lace of the same style. The pleats
and gatherings in the braid are a great blemish.

In the middle of the seventeenth century

lace with a net ground appears. Hitherto,
though patterns elaborate, and
had become
fillings
were common, and the variety of stitch
in pijlow lace was marvellous, the net ground

was unknown. We must also remind ourselves

" "
that there was no working across the pattern
"
in real point," or lace as we should now call it.

Every was followed sepa-

line of the pattern

rately, the various parts of the work being

connected by sewings.
Flemish lace began to be extremely fine, and
 LACE-MAKING IN EUROPE 9

with the fine thread the necessity for the careful

turning of the curves ceased, and the method
was gradually forgotten. Though we see less
of the absolutely continuous line, patterns re-
mained of a continuous scrolling nature it was ;

the introduction of net which helped to cut

patterns up till lace ceased to be a pattern and

became an arrangement of separate sprigs on
a net ground.
The use of braid had at first suggested con-

tinuous lines, but it was soon found possible to

work a single leaf by the same method, attach
it to a stem, cut off the bobbins, and begin again
elsewhere with another leaf or flower.
With the introduction of lace-making into
other European countries came further develop-
ments. It seems that when the art is intro-
duced into a new home it never remains the
same, but always becomes in some way charac-
teristic of its new sphere so that we find ;

Italian lace, Belgian lace, French lace, English

lace, all perfectly distinct from one another.

Fine Flemish lace introduced into Devonshire
becomes the characteristic Honiton lace, and
the lace of Lille and Valenciennes, imitated
in the Midlands, becomes the Buckinghamshire
point.
A symmetrical arrangement of brides and
the open-work fillings no doubt led to the
io LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

invention of net, which appears both in needle-

point and pillow lace.

The illustration shows the earliest form of
pillow net. The
pattern worked first, then
is

threads are attached to the edge of the braid

and the ground is covered with net. This
stitch is an extremely intricate one when com-

pared to the modern Buckinghamshire "point

ground," but it is not to be wondered at when
it is understood that this net can be worked
without the help of a single pin or so much as
a line drawn on the parchment. The Midland
lace-maker of to-day, unaccustomed to any but
her own methods, is astonished and sceptical on

hearing of net without pins but in the early

;

seventeenth century pins were not cheap, and

the idea of keeping a twisted net in place by
means of a forest of pins was undreamed of.
Instead of twists, every side of this mesh is

composed of four plaited threads ;

one couple
is carried through from mesh to mesh to keep
all firm and in place. Much must depend in

such work on of hand and eye, and it is

skill

a slow, laborious stitch, but there is a fascina-

tion in the shaping of those hexagons which is

wanting to the mechanical twisting of thread

and sticking of endless pins.
As the seventeenth century proceeds, net
grounds become commoner, and endless varieties
 FIG. 5

CONTINUOUS BRAID PATTERN WITH FILLINGS AND PLAITED NET

 LACE-MAKING IN EUROPE u

appear, but the mesh is always plaited, not

twisted.

By the time we reach the beginning of the

eighteenth century we can associate a particular

mesh with a particular lace-making district;
the net is simpler, and begins to require immense
numbers of pins.
Lace is now finer, and is worked in narrower
widths than was the old Italian and Flemish
lace. The patterns become much more de-
tached. The lace of Mechlin and of Brussels, the

ground of which is very similar, continues to

be worked in pieces, the pattern first and
the ground afterwards, but a very remarkable

change is seen in the Valenciennes lace and in

various French laces. This change is shown
ina piece of lace in the South Kensington
Museum marked as Dutch. It closely resembles
Flemish lace with a net ground, but the ground
isworked at the same time as the pattern ;

that is to say, threads are brought out of the

pattern to form the net and carried back again

into the pattern, so that the threads do not
follow the lines of the pattern, but come in and
out of it as convenient. In fact, the lace is
worked an edging on a large scale. Such
like

a method requires an enormous number of pins,

because every thread must be kept in place till
the whole width of the pattern is worked. In
12 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

the oldermethod the twisted edge of the

finished patternwas like the selvedge of a piece
of woven material, and pins could quickly be
moved forward to the point where the work was
proceeding. By the old method it was almost
as easy to work a piece of lace half a yard
wide as a piece three inches wide. It was only
a matter of time; the line was followed curve
by curve and would never be of great width or
need a very large number of bobbins.
It is easy to see how Flemish patterns led
to the new plan. They are characterised by
a peculiar flatness and closeness ;
lines are often

marked the plain work by means of little

in

rows of twists in the working threads. It was

seen that an outline could be marked by
if

twisted threads the same principle might be

applied to the whole pattern it might all be

;

worked in one, the twisting of the threads out-

lining the design. There are some pieces of
lace in theSouth Kensington Museum, labelled
"Fausse Valenciennes," which show the progress
of this method. They have the flat look of
Valenciennes lace; there is very little distinction
between pattern and ground in fact, there is
no true ground, the small space between the
different parts of the pattern being covered
with a filling-in. Valenciennes lace has to
this day retained a simulation of the twisted
 LACE-MAKING IN EUROPE 13

selvedge edge of the braid, each part of the

pattern being surrounded by simulated pin-
holes. In the lace of Lille we find the attempt
to imitate the braid edge frankly abandoned;
the pattern is kept distinct from the ground

by running a thick white thread called a "gimp"

round it. This gimp, which appears in Bucking-
hamshire must not be confounded with the
lace,
" "
raised cordonnet which sometimes outlines
the pattern in Brussels lace. The cordonnet,
or "raised work," of Honiton lace is merely
used to give boldness and relief, whereas the
gimp is an essential part of a point -ground
" "
pattern worked all across the parchment.

During the eighteenth century fine pillow

laces with net grounds reached their highest

point of excellence, and began to be imitated

by various kinds of embroidery on machine-
made net known as "tambour work" and
"Limerick lace."

During the nineteenth century the finest and

best laces have made but
progress, but little

there has been a remarkable development of the

torchon edgings. In almost every European

country a great deal of heavy linen lace is

made for the ornamentation of household linen.
These laces are usually of geometrical design
and are improvements on the old lace edgings,
much having been learnt both in the way
14 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

of workmanship and design from the true

pillow points.
In the nineteenth century, then, we find a
curious assimilation of the lace edging with
" " "
the point or passement," and we apply the
" "
same word lace to all ornamental fabrics
of twisted and plaited thread. Let us briefly

recapitulate the various steps by which this has

been brought about.
Under the influence of needlepoint the orna-
mental braid was curved and shaped into a
pattern, the various lines of the pattern being
connected by sewings. The pattern became
more shaped and elaborated, the brides be-
came more ornamental and a more important
part of the lace, ornamental fillings were intro-
duced, and the work became, not a curved
braid, but an arrangement of flowers and leaves
at first conventional, afterwards naturalistic.
Then the net ground becomes general, and
early in the eighteenth century some laces
began to be worked all in one pattern and
ground as one fabric, without joins. It was
now worked like a wide edging, a great many
pins and a great many bobbins being employed.
The only difference remaining was that the edg-
ing usually retained the geometrical pattern with
the homogeneousness of pattern and ground ;

it still showed its character as an ornamental

 LACE-MAKING IN EUROPE 15

braid of interlaced threads. Even when a real

point ground is so narrow as to be used as

an edging its character is still obvious, and it

cannot be confounded with a torchon edge.

In this short history of lace-making the aim
has been not to give a history of the various
lace centres, with a classification of lace by its

place-name, but to show how the fabric itself

grew into being and changed in nature, whether

in Italy, France, or England. It is desired to

show how a might be made, accord-

classification

ing to pattern and method of working, which

would be of great use and interest to the lace-
maker. Unfortunately there is a great lack of
suitable technical terms for such a purpose.
Theold place-names, such as Valenciennes,

Brussels, or Lille, are of great value and interest,

because they do indicate a special method and
style but for the earliest lace, which was much
;

thesame in Italy or Flanders, and probably in

some other countries, and for modern lace, the
system of place-names is most confusing and
tiresome. Improved torchon lace is now made
in Italy, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Switzer-
land, and England in fact, almost all over
Europe patterns are carried from place to place,
;

and there is little difference in the workmanship.

Any lace may be made in any district in point
of fact, lace very like Brussels is made in Italy.
16 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

Something has been done of recent years to

revive the manufacture of the finer and more
important pillow laces. There is now a certain
demand for copies of beautiful old lace, but it

has become a living,

not thriving industry.
There can be no great sale for lace as a work
of art as long as only an imitation.
it is

The lace makers and designers of old were

and their patrons were willing to
real artists,

spend great sums of money on lace. The

small sums of money paid for the very best
lace now make it useless for the artist to give
his attention to the design, or for the lace-maker
to put her best and most careful work into the
execution of that wonderful web of plaited
thread which some of us still love, and which
unfailingly brings to its workers many happy
and peaceful hours of never- wearying occupation.
 II

THE PROGRESS OF LACE-MAKING IN ENG-

LAND, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
THE MIDLAND COUNTIES

IN the preceding chapter we have roughly

traced the evolution of lace-making inEurope ;

we must now seek to discover, in equally rough

outline, the place which England holds among
the lace-making nations. This place is by no
means so unimportant as is sometimes repre-
sented, though the English love of French
fashions has to a certain extent militated against
the popularity of the purely English. What-
ever difficulties in the way of good organisation
of the industry we may have had to contend

with, want of artistic feeling and originality

cannot fairly be laid to the charge of the

English lace-makers. Though often adopting

French ideas from the foreign lace imported,
in order to follow the foreign fashions, they

have never been mere copiers. English de-

signers, or drawers as they were called, have
produced some most graceful and beautiful
C 17
1 8 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

designs,and English workers have shown great

dexterity in the adaptation of stitch and method
to design. The an attempt to copy
result of

a foreign lace has usually been the production

of a new and individual style by a natural

process of development and artistic invention.

This rule has been noticeable in Maltese lace,
which in workmanship, texture, and design
became, English hands, a very different
in

product from the original simple and rather

coarse lace of Malta.
If artistic feeling, as is sometimes said, is

shown in the workman's ornamentation of his

tools, England stands pre-eminent. An intense

pride in the ornamentation and arrangement of
her pillow has always been a remarkable cha-
racteristic of the Midland lace-maker. More
than 400 different patterns of decorated bobbins
have been collected, and doubtless many more
could be found.
In considering England's place as a lace-
making nation we must remember that in other
countries a great deal of the best lace was made
in convents, and that in England it was im-

possible to fill the place of the cultured ladies

to be found within the convent walls. The
convent was like a joint-stock company ;
it had
capital both in money and in ability;
it was
also a most convenient centre for the teaching
 LACE-MAKING IN ENGLAND 19

of art and craftsmanship and it had a com-

;

manding position as a commercial house. It

was manufacturer, merchant, capitalist, and
instructor all at the same time. The decline
of convents in England left the lace industry
with but capital and organisation
little and ;

both teaching and design generally remained in

the hands of a few families who understood it

and in which it was handed down from genera-
tion to generation.

Needlepoint, which requires more delicate

skill of hand and eye than does pillow lace, died
out entirely as an article of English manufac-
ture, though we know that it was made in

England in the sixteenthcentury; the making

of it was doubtless taught in the convents.
There is a tradition in the Midlands that Queen
Catherine of Aragon worked hard to encourage
it in the villages, and that she introduced new

patterns. It is possible that she tried to teach

pillow lace also, for there is a pattern made in

Northamptonshire, very like what we should call

an old Italian pattern (merely meaning that it
is an early form of pillow lace), which is called

Queen Catherine's pattern. There is no other

Midland lace like it. It is said that she bade
her ladies burn their lace that they might buy
of the poor English workers. Probably want
of encouragement and good technical instruction
20 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

caused the industry to die out after her death.

England was soon plunged into the Puritan
abyss which almost killed art. We spoke in
our previous chapter of the purling mentioned
by Chaucer, and of the lace edgings which
suggested the use of pillow and bobbins for the
true "point." These edgings were extensively
"
made in England, and were known as bone
lace." The word "lace" would not have been
applied to the wide points which were the
rivals of needlepoint.

InTwelfth Night Shakespeare shows his

familiarity with the sight of lace-makers

"Duke. O fellow, come, the song we had last night :

Mark it, Cesario, it is old and plain :

The spinsters and the knitters in the sun,

And the free maids that weave their thread with bones,
Do use to chaunt it."

About 1662 Flemish workers were brought to

England to teach their superior kind of lace.

The industry took root in Devonshire and
became the famous Honiton lace. This must
have seemed to the bone-lace makers a very
new and different kind of work from the
weaving of their edgings. Honiton lace soon
developed a style of its own, but though much
beautiful Honiton work has been done the
design is often poor. It is curious that Midland

lace has never suffered from this poverty of

 LACE-MAKING IN ENGLAND 21

design ;
it was not so far from the great trade
routes, it is more adaptable to any form of
and it requires greater technical skill to
pattern,
make a point-ground (Buckinghamshire) parch-
ment. Any good design, either conventional or
can be worked in point-ground
naturalistic, lace,
but some styles are impossible in Honiton lace.

On the other hand, within certain limits, Honiton

lace is a better means of expression, and it is

much make
the parchments. This last
easier to
fact tempts persons with little powers of draught-

manship to make their own parchments, whereas

the point-ground design must be left in the
hands of the professional.
Wehave seen that needlepoint spread more
quickly in Europe than pillow point. Honiton
lace must have been one of the earliest of the

transplanted pillow points. in point of Next

time must have come French pillow laces, and
then Buckinghamshire point. This lace shows
French influence ;
it isworked all in one across
the pattern, like a French lace; the selvedge

edge to the pattern has been replaced by a

gimp the net is not of an early character,
;

being a twisted net dependent on pins none ;

of can be earlier than the eighteenth century.

it

Some of the parchments are very like Valen-

ciennes parchments, though we find no trace
of the Valenciennes ground or the simulated
22 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS
"
pin-holes." The introduction of this kind of
lace greatly influenced the bone-lace makers,
and gave rise, especially in Northamptonshire,
to the manufacture of many charming little

point-ground edgings, which, while sometimes

remaining geometrical in design, resembled in

workmanship the wide-point grounds of Bucks.

Maltese lace, introduced in this century, is
a development of an edging founded on patterns
of interlacing circles instead of the more usual

intersecting straight lines.

 Ill

LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS DURING

THE EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH
CENTURIES
" The
pattern grows, the well-depicted flower,
Wrought patiently into the snowy lawn,
Unfolds its bosom buds and leaves and sprigs,
:

And curling tendrils gracefully dispos'd,

Follow the nimble fingers of the fair
A wreath that cannot fade of flowers that blow
With most success when all besides decay."
COWPER.

THE poet Cowper, living at Olney, the centre

of one of the best lace-making districts, was
familiar with the fine point-grounds of graceful

flowery design, and his poetic muse was not

neglectful of the lace-makers. The greater
part of Buckinghamshire, Northamptonshire,
part of Bedfordshire, and a little bit of Oxford-
shire, form the lace-making district of the
Midlands. These counties have always sup-
ported textile industries of one form or another,
with a leaning towards dainty manufactures
such as ribbons, straw-plaiting, or lace-making.
Many Northamptonshire villages now given
23
24 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

over to the unsightly shoe trade once lived by

the weaving of plush and silk ; other villages
within living memory were occupied with

darning net for window curtains, etc., the work

"
being known as frame- work."
The very small and dainty hands of many
women in the Northamptonshire villages are
often remarked upon by strangers they are
;

certainly an artistic race, showing it especially

in their extreme fondness for flowers and ap-

preciation of pretty scenery. From the be-

ginning of the eighteenth century until the

middle of the nineteenth, point-ground lace,

generally known as Buckinghamshire point,

became characteristic of the district. The best
lace was made in the southern part of North-

amptonshire near Towcester, and in Bucking-

hamshire in and round Olney. Northampton
and the western part of the county were famous
for the narrow edgings and cheaper laces.

Bedfordshire always appears to take to work

of a showy daintiness. became the home of
It

Maltese lace, and now makes millinery laces

of horsehair and tinsel, and twists beaded wire
into patterns, and works with paillettes and

spangles.
The improvement in lace-making which took
place in the eighteenth century was partly due
to the refugees who flocked to our shores after
 DURING i8 TH AND 19 CENTURIES 25

the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. This

explains the very close resemblance between
French and English pillow laces.

Defoe, writing of Bedfordshire, says: "Through

the whole south part of this county, the people
are taken up with the manufacture of bone lace,
in which they have wonderfully exercised and
improved within the last few years." He also
mentions Newport Pagnell and other towns in

Bucks as being the centres of much trade.

During the reigns of the Georges, notwith-

standing much smuggling of foreign goods, the
trade steadily increased, and at the marriage of

Frederick, Prince of Wales, nearly all the lace

worn was of English make.
In 1750 the Society of anti-Gallicans was
formed it held
; quarterly meetings, and did
much to encourage good work. Two years
afterit began, it awarded the first prize to
Mr. William Marriote of Newport Pagnell for
bone which, according to the judges, was
lace,
the best ever made in England. In 1761 the
lace-makers of Bucks presented the King with
a fine pair of lace In 1763 good King
ruffles.

George, always anxious for the welfare of his

people, ordered that all stuffs and laces to be
worn at his sister's wedding should be made in
this but the nobility preferred to dis-
country ;

obey him, and ordered, as was their habit, a

26 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

quantity of foreign material. What must have

been their disgust and alarm on hearing that
three days before the wedding the King had
sent his custom-officers to the Court milliner to

carry off the prohibited goods. But a lesson

had been learnt, for on His Majesty's birthday
the Court appeared in garments of strictly
British make.
The fluctuations the lace industry have
in

always been remarkable, the scale of prices

risingand falling in a bewildering and astonish-
ing manner at one time we hear of lace-makers
:

i a week, at another time but

earning $s. or 4^.
In 1780 the trade seems to have fallen into a
bad condition ;
for Cowper, enclosing a petition
to Lord Dartmouth in favour of lace-makers,
"
declares that Hundreds in this little town
(Olney) are upon the point of starving, and the
most unremitting industry is barely sufficient to
keep them from it."
For many years Cowper's house was used as
a lace school under the management of Mrs.
Langley, the wife of a former vicar about ;

forty workers were employed.

In 1785 an essay was published in the
Gentleman's Magazine dealing with the cause
of deformity among the lace-makers of Bucks
and Northants, and suggesting certain remedies
which have long since been adopted.
 DURING i8TH AND 19 CENTURIES 27

As
at the beginning of the eighteenth cen-

tury our laces owed much to France, so in

the nineteenth we received another impetus
from refugees who fled from the Revolution.
When war was declared and our ports were
closed against French goods, energetic buyers
undertook to supply the English market with
lace like that made in Normandy. The "French
"
ground was introduced, which resembles what
isnow known as " Point de Paris."
At Hanslope, in Bucks, 800 out of 1,275
inhabitants made lace, and a net profit of over
800 was yearly brought into the place. Those
were grand times for the lace-makers, both men
and women, many of them earning as much as
i is. per week but this state of things did
;

not last long, for the prices dropped when peace

was made.
Queen Victoria is the possessor of some

lovely English lace ;

made for
a small piece,
the Princess Royal when an infant, remains in
the possession of a lace-buyer at Olney, where
it was worked a photograph of it is shown on
;

the opposite page.

The exhibition of 1851 brought about a
revival of the lace industry. The wife of the

lace-buyer above mentioned worked with one

or two others at the exhibition. The pillows
were covered for the occasion with blue velvet
28 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

edged with rose colour and with rose-coloured

bobbin bags. The lace worked by Mrs. Smith
from the pattern shown in the illustration took
the gold medal prize. The lace was exquisitely

fine, twenty slip thread being used, a degree

of fineness almost unknown at the present
day. It took three months to make one foot of
lace. Her Majesty the Queen, after watching
Mrs. Smith work, asked, as so many ladies ask
lace-makers, why her bobbins were of so many
"
different patterns : Is it in order to tell which
of them should be turned over?" These
bobbins used in the presence of the Queen
have been carefully treasured, though Mr.
Smith has given many away to those who will
value them. Some are in the possession of
the authors. The few words uttered by Her

Majesty have been remembered and repeated

with ever-increasing interest through the years
that have passed, and the kindly notice given

by their sovereign marked the day as a red-

letter day to the Olney lace-makers.
A woman now living in Spratton remembers
the when her mother, then living at
time
Creaton, made the lace worn by the Lady Sarah

Spencer at the wedding of the Princess of

Wales. She was but a child, but remembers
distinctly the lady coming on horseback now
and again to see how the lace was getting on.
 FIG. 9

DESIGN FOR BUCKS PILLOW LACE

WORKED BEFOKE THE QUEEN AT THE EXHIBITION OF
 DURING i8TH AND IQTH CENTURIES 29

She does not remember the price of it, but

says that the money earned by her mother

for this special piece of lace bought them a

pony and trap, the first they had ever had.

About the close of the fifties Maltese lace
was introduced into the Midlands, and in many
places its manufacture unfortunately superseded
the old points. It is more quickly made and

will better bear the introduction of bad work

than will the point ground.
Perhaps, though
much of it can have
claim to beauty,
little

it is not altogether bad that it should have

been introduced. It widened the ideas of the

lace-makers, suggesting new methods and ac-
customing them to turn their hands to any
kind of lace.
The lastgreat outburst of prosperity was
in 1870, owing to the Franco-German War,
when lace-makers again earned splendid wages ;

but since then, until the present revival, with

"
the exception of a short rage for " yak lace, it
had been at a very low ebb. In many villages
the industry was almost entirely abandoned,
and many workers had yards of beautiful lace
of which they were quite unable to dispose.
 IV

LACE SCHOOLS

I SHOULD be sorry to outrage the suscepti-

bilities of
my readers by suggesting that they
could recall the early part of this century, but
I am
going to ask them if, in imagination only,
they be so kind as to go back through
will

six or seven decades and visit with me one

or two of the lace schools which were then
scattered so thickly throughout the counties of

Beds, Bucks, and Northants.

The first one that we enter strikes us as stifl-

ing, in spite of the door and the two windows

being thrown open^ and no wonder, for in that

cottage-room are gathered thirty pupils, varying

from six to sixteen years of age. The boys are
dressed like the village lads of to-day, except-

ing that instead of knickerbockers they all wear

trousers; but the girls have print frocks, low at
the neck and sleeves, and very short in the skirt,
from which peep white stockings and shoes, vary-
ing in neatness according to the disposition and
means of the parents. Some of the children
30
 LACE SCHOOLS 31

are very small, not more than six years of

age.
They are sitting in rows, each little person
on his or her four-legged stool, with its pillow

resting against the three-legged stand in front

of Those pillows are dressed in dark blue,
it.

and look as if they had tasted of the good

things in life, so round are they, and fat, and
heavy ; indeed, when they
them, the
carry
younger children's arms will hardly meet round
them, and their little feet stagger under the
weight.
In front of the thirty stools is a desk at
which, in her majesty, is enthroned the teacher.
But for the addition of spectacles and a kerchief
she is dressed like the elder girls ; by her side
lies her sceptre, that all-powerful sceptre, her
cane. Every hour she goes her rounds from
pillow to pillow, and woe betide the luckless

pupil whose work badly done

is !

As the children turn the bobbins over and

over, they sing doggerel verses called "tells,"

sticking pins as fast as their little ringers can

plant them at every tenth pin they call out
;

the number, and so the room is full of counting.

Now they have taken sides, and are going to
"strive," or race each other, to see which can
stick the greater number of pins in a given
time. To escape the cane they have to put
32 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

in ten pins a minute, or 600 an hour; but as

the race grows in excitement many of them

get in between 700 to 800, while we grow

giddy at the sight, and at the sound of the
ceaseless "clack, clack" of the bobbins.
It is nearly dinner-time. All but quite the
little ones have been there since six o'clock ;

they are beginning to grow fidgety visions of

pie, cheese, and cake over the parchments.

float

At last comes the welcome news that "time's

up." Each child covers over its pillow, turns its

four-legged stool upside down, places the pillow
in it, and runs off laughing and shouting, with

the straw or paste-board bonnets and bare

girls'
necks gleaming in the sunshine.
All but a little girl She is scrupu-
of seven.

lously clean, but very small and delicate a

sweet little child, with long, fair hair hanging
down her back in two tidy plaits. Her blue
eyes, and very blue they are, just now are
rilled with tears but the little white face is set
;

in order tokeep them from brimming over and

spoiling her lace. She is faint and weak from
one of those sick headaches to which poor
children are so often subject. She has had
nothing to eat since early morning, and, like
all the others, excepting a few learners, has

been working since six o'clock. As it neared

the dinner-hour her spirits had revived, for had
 LACE SCHOOLS 33

she not brought hers with her, and was it not

now in the oven ? Such a dinner too, goose-
berry tart with sugar Suddenly she had
!

found herself on the floor, knocked down by

the rough fist of her teacher. " I'll wake you !

If you don't choose to work with the others,

have to stop in while they play."

you'll
At one o'clock the others troop in again and
pack themselves in, row behind row, and work
goes on as before, only the room grows hotter,
and the "clack, clack" of the bobbins more
monotonous. We wonder how the children can
keep their attention. For the most part they sit
very upright ;
for has not mother told them
again and again that if they stoop over their
work they will get hunchbacked ?
Now and again a child falls short of pins,
and goes "a-begging." Stopping before a likely
" "
giver, it sings Mary Ann (or whatever the
name may be), "a pin for the poor; give me one,
and I'll ask you no more." In this way it

generally gathers for itself a nice little store.

Tea-time comes. Out run the children for

half an hour; but the little figure by the
window sits on, for her task is not done.
From a quiet time; you can
five to six is

hear a pin drop, for the children are working

for dear life, many with aching backs and

through a mist of tears. They know that if

34 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

when "time's up" is called they should be but

five pins behind they will be kept in another
hour.
It is over, and the room
empty of all save is

three or four among;

them
but is the child

by the window. She has had twelve hours

of it she is only seven, and suffering from
;

want of food and a sick headache.

With a sigh we turn to watch the others, and
hope that they now, after so many hours of
hard work, are free to skip and play hop-scotch
like their little grandchildren of to-day. But
no ;
for many of them learning is not yet over :

they are going to the night-school, where

wearily they will pick up enough of reading to

make in after life their leisure a blessing to
them rather than a curse.
An hour later we pass a little blue-eyed child
sobbing piteously. She has just been leleased
from her work, and holding in her arms her
is

much-longed-for gooseberry tart but alas it ;

!

is burnt to a cinder. She is an old woman

now, but the memory of that disappointment
is still fresh to her.

It is on a winter's evening that we visit our

next school. As we enter we can make out
some sixteen girls from the ages of seven to
twenty, and we notice that they are all working
 LACE SCHOOLS 35

by the light of one tallow candle. The little

ones went home when it grew dark, and those
who good workers.
are left are mostly
In the centre of the room stands the four-

legged candle-stool as high as an ordinary table.

The top, which is called the "hole-board," is
pierced by a hole in the centre and four
others round it. In the middle hole is fixed a

long stick with a socket for the candle at the

top and peg-holes through the side, so that
it can be raised and lowered at will. In the
other four holes there are placed wooden cups,
into each of which fits a flask made of very
thin glass and filled with water. These flasks

act as strong condensers or lenses. The girls

sit diagonally, four to ineach bottle, those
the second and third circle having the better

light.
The room, though stuffy, is cold, for, being so

full, the has to be kept low.

fire wonder We
why the girls do not shiver more, for they are
clad like their predecessors in print dresses, and
from their low sleeves and large white collars
gleam their bare necks and arms.
Asusual they are singing. This time it is
a "tell" that would be useful for all lace- workers
"
to learn : Do your stitch, stick your pin, and
do your stitch about it." Indeed, it is for want
of this "stitch about the pin" that so many
36 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

workers' lace is faulty. Then they strike up

another.
While they are singing, we will ask the
teacher to about the school, and
tell us a little

to show us some of the lace they have made,

and which is waiting to be taken to the lace-
buyer, who lives in the neighbouring town.
When a little child joins the school she is

usually six or seven, but sometimes one is taken

who is a year or so younger. If she is sharp,

she will be about three weeks learning her first

edging during that time she pays is. a
little ;

week, and afterwards ^d. in the summer, and ^.d.

during the winter (this varies a little in different
schools, as do the hours of working). For the
first six months she generally puts in only nine

hours a day, but after that at least ten, with the

exception of Saturday, which is a half-holiday.

The winter hours are usually from eight to

eight, allowing two hours for meals, but many

work an hour or so longer. Every Saturday
the teacher takes the lace to the buyer, and

gives the girls the exact amount that they have

earned, deducting only the $d. or 4^. a week
for the use of the room and lights. If they

sell their work to a private customer, they are

allowed to charge id. a yard more.

Then she shows us what they have made.
First there is the little edging upon which the
 LACE SCHOOLS 37

"
new-comers are started ;
it is called the town
trot." After that we
array of thesee an
sweetest baby-laces, the narrowest being only

3^. a yard. Many of them are made up on the

daintiest of baby-caps ;
for in those days babies
began their lives in a staid and respectable
manner, even wearing their caps under their
hoods when they went out. Round the border of
a cap ran one or two rows of narrow lace, plain
or closely quilted in tiny box-pleats, while in the
centre there is a lace "round" or "horseshoe,"
often exquisite in designand workmanship.
Here is one set off by narrow loops of white
satin ribbon. Then there are a set of cambric
handkerchiefs and full-grown nightcaps, edged
with the "heart" and "oak-leaf" patterns. After
we have admired and wondered, she fetches a
large wooden box, out of which she brings
some truly lovely designs in rich lace handker-
chiefs, parasol-covers, veils, etc. She tells us
that the girls at her school usually earn, after

deducting what they pay her, 2s. ^d. a week.

But you must not think that the teacher
gives us this information all at once, for she

constantly leaves us to inspect the workers.

Sometimes she remarks to a girl, " I'll wake
"
you you've been asleep
! and wake her she
!

does by a smart hit of her cane across the bare

shoulders.
38 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

Just then a knock comes at the door a

father has come for his lass. It is a pity that
there are not more like him, for the girls turned

out into the darkness will find rough lads wait-

ing round the corners for some of them, and so,

hardly through their own fault, many come to
sorrow.
It is St. Thomas's Day. The children are
assembled ;
row behind row they are sitting,
with their fat pillows resting against the stands
before them. But by the look of repressed
excitement on every face, there is evidently
something about to happen. Presently the
teacher leaves the room on the pretence of
getting a parchment. In a minute the girl
nearest the door has sprung up and bolted it ;

the pillows are put on one side, and an in-

describable hubbub ensues. When the teacher
returns she shakes the door violently, demand-
ing to be let in ;
but the answer comes from
thirty voices, "It's St.Thomas's Day; give us
a half-holiday, and we'll let you in." For five
minutes or so she stands outside grumbling and
knocking, and then, finding that the children
her, she (not un-
have turned the stools against
willingly,perhaps) gives in. The holiday is
promised, the door is opened, and she walks in
as the children rush out. As we watch them
laughing and shouting, we think that it is a pity
 LACE SCHOOLS 39

that custom should have fixed their holiday for

one of the dullest and certainly the shortest of
the days in the year.
"Are there any other days that you are
"
turned out of your own school ? we ask the
teacher.

"No; but they generally manage to work

half-time on St. Andrew's Day."
"
"And what do they do with the other half?
"
Oh, have tea in the schoolroom," she
answers grimly. "It is the young folk who
are spoilt nowadays."
After that we leave her to her pillow, with
the click-clack of her bobbins sounding mourn-

fully through the now deserted room.

 V
LACE-MAKERS AT HOME

" Yon who weaves at her own

cottager, door,
Pillow and bobbins all her little store ;

Content though mean, and cheerful if not gay,

Shuffling her thread about the livelong day
Just earns a scanty pittance, and at night
Lies down secure, her heart and pocket light."
COWPER.

HAVING visited the lace schools, I will ask

my readers if they will bear with me while

I tell them a little about the workers of this

century in their own homes. A child was

often introduced to her pillow at three years
old by her mother, and then, when she had
learnt how to handle her bobbins, she was sent
off to the lace school, where she would stay
until she either went into service or was
married ; or, if she wished to save the expense
of the $d. or ^d. a week, she would work in
her own home. In those days, especially in
one part of the Midlands, nearly every cottager,
married or single, sat at her pillow for it was ;

40
 LACE-MAKERS AT HOME 41

usually only farmers' or tradesmen's daughters

who thought of going to service.
Whatever may be of the "good old
said

days," the results were most disastrous, not

only to their health, but also to their morals ;

indeed, a lady, who is interested in a certain

Midland village, tells me that although it was
sad to see an old industry dying out, yet she
was only too thankful when bad work and
bad prices made necessary for the girls to
it

desert their pillows and go out into service.

In chapter we will endeavour to show
this

how the present revival of the trade has been

obtained without the slightest risk either to
health or morals, and also how it is of benefit
to many hundreds of families.
At the time of the Queen's accession, as has
been said, the trade was very flourishing, and
it was found that a man could earn more
at lace-making than in the fields, where his
wages would be from ?s. to 8s. a week, while
at his pillow he could make 9^. or los. In
those days, then, the workers, men and women,
would sit side by side in each other's houses,
in order to save firing. In the winter they had
to sit very near to the windows, which did not
give as much they do now, and it
light as
was often bitterly cold. In some parts, to
"
keep themselves warm, they used a dicky
42 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS
"
pot ;
was made of rough brown ware,
this

glazed, and filled with embers begged from

the bread oven of a well-to-do neighbour.
In print we often find mention of deformity
and disease among lace-workers. These were
greatly due, first, to the overcrowding of the

schools, and secondly, to the constrained posi-

tion necessarily adopted by men, women, and
even babies, in order to see their work. No
wonder, then, that a certain little boy in Bucks,
one day growing disgusted, made away with his

pillow down a well !

The patterns were usually designed and

pricked eitherby lace-buyers, superior workers,
or those brought up specially to that part of
the trade, many of the designs, especially some
drawn at Olney, being very lovely, (See Figs.
10 and ii.)
Here I should like to insert an account of the

keeping of St. Catherine's Day, which was long

held as a holiday both by lace-makers and
weavers in parts of the Midlands. Its origin
is probably far older than the time of Catherine

of Aragon, but very possibly, being her fete-day,

it has since been held in special honour by lace-

makers, as tradition points to that queen as the

introducer of the craft. If so, it was one certainly

very different from the present pillow -work,

being probably an adaptation of needlepoint.
 FIG. IO

DESIGN FOR CENTRE OF BADGE CAP FIG. II

DESIGN FOR FINE BUCKS LACE MADE AT OLNE

EARLY 1QTH CENTURY
 LACE-MAKERS AT HOME 43

I am indebted for the following account to

Mrs. Orlebar, of Hinwick House:

"
In Podington and neighbour-
Cattern Tea.

ing villages the lace-makers have, within the

1

memory of middle-aged people, 'kept Cattern

on December 6th St. Catherine's Day (Old
Style). I believe it was Catherine of Aragon
who used to drink the waters of a mineral

spring in Wellingborough, and who (as is sup-

posed) introduced lace-making into Beds. The
poor people know nothing of the Queen, only
state that it was an old custom to keep
'
Cattern/
"The way was for the women to club together
for a tea, paying 6d. apiece, which they could
well afford when their lace brought them in 5^.
or 6s. a week.
"The tea-drinking ceremony was called 'wash-

ing the candle -block,' but this was merely an

expression. It really consisted in getting
through a great deal of gossip, tea, and
Cattern cakes seed cakes of large size. Sugar
balls went round as a matter of course. After
tea they danced, just one old man whistling
or riddling for them, and 'they enjoyed their-
selves like queens /'

"The entertainment ended with

the cutting
of a large apple pie, which they divided for
44 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

supper. Their usual bedtime was about eight

o'clock.
"
An oldrhyme is still extant about Cattern.
I cannot recover more than these lines :

"'Rise, maids, arise !

Bake your Cattern pies !

Bake enough, and bake no waste,

So that the old bell-man may have a taste !
' >:
 VI

THE DECLINE OF THE LACE INDUSTRY

DURING the childhood of the now middle-aged

in our villages the lace industry was flourishing
and well paid ten years ago the trade was
;

almost extinct but one generation separates us

;

from the time when almost every child in the

"
village was brought up to the pillow."
What was the cause of this sudden decline, of
this astounding change in village life ? Ask an
"
old lace-maker, and the reply will be, Machine-
made lace " inquire a little further into the
;

subject, and the inadequacy of the answer will

strike you forcibly. The question is really a

most complex one ;
it cannot be answered with-
out some consideration of the great social

changes which were taking place over

all

England in the earlier part of our Queen's

reign. In this short book one cannot pretend

to answer thoroughly and satisfactorily.
it

Let us first try to understand in what way

machine-made lace did really affect the in-
dustry. It must be borne in mind that the

45
46 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

disappearance of English pillow-made lace from

the market did not coincide in time with the

production of good machine work, and also

that we never ceased to import pillow lace from

abroad, and further that the present revival of

the pillow lace industry comes at a time when
imitation lace of good quality can be had at

very low prices.

Until the present century lace was essentially
an adjunct of the rich. It was costly, of fine
and intricate workmanship, and was prized
accordingly. The wealthy and the noble pos-
sessed it, the middle class had a little, the poor
did not aspire to lace at all. With the intro-
duction of machine lace the fabric became
common ;
the imitation was eagerly bought
by those to whom the real thing had been
an unhoped-for luxury, and to them it seemed
almost as good and as beautiful. Many could
not even distinguish between the hand work
and the machine work.
A rage for cheap lace set in, and with it came
the introduction of Maltese, which was showy
and cheap compared to the point grounds.
Pillow lace tried to compete with machine lace
on its own ground, that of cheapness and showy
effectiveness. Until the public tired of Maltese
and coarse edgings the lace-makers did not
suffer then the crash came. Machine lace
 DECLINE OF THE LACE INDUSTRY 47

improved, imitations of the beautiful old laces

were produced; the public had not yet learnt
to distinguish the true from the false, and the
pillow lace-makers had all but forgotten how to
make good lace. In the race for cheapness
they had begun to use cheap cotton threads,
and to work in a slipshod manner. Prices fell
to a deplorable level, and lace-making came to
be hated as the most fearful drudgery. Only
a return to the good old lace and the good old
methods could save the industry it was found ;

impossible to turn out bad lace as cheaply and

as rapidly as the machine.
Some proof of the truth of these facts may be
gathered by noting the extraordinary difference
of opinion which exists among former lace-
makers as to the merits of the trade. An old
woman of seventy or eighty, whose memory
goes back to the flourishing day of the beautiful
point-ground lace, or half-stitch as it is some-
times called, will say, "Ah, I always loved my
pillow. I shall always love it ;
I will work at it as

long as I can sit to it and see/' "Give me a pair

of spectacles as I can see with," says another,
"and let me have my pillow; it's nice work."
"
nice clean work," echoes another old body;
It's
"
why don't the young folk take to their pillows
now? we loved our pillows." In another cot-
tage we hear, "When I was a girl I spent all
48 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

my pocket-money on my pillow; I loved to

have I had some beautiful
it nice.
bobbins, bone
ones with beads on them and names, and my pins
had different-coloured heads. How we loved our
"
pillows, and what we would spend on them !

Now talk to a buxom widow of middle age :

"
I hate it ;
I burnt all my bobbins ;
it's a bad
trade." "If you go lace-making," says another,
"you'll never have salt to your porridge."
"It's an awful trade, lace-making," we hear
from another; "you'll never make your fortune
at it. I always said none of my children should
be lace-makers." The explanation of the con-
trast is to be found in the fact that the middle-
aged remember the bad times, the cheap lace
and poor patterns, the fearful hurrying and
ceaseless work. The older women think of
the time when the work was beautiful and
good and a joy to do.
We cannot leave the subject of machine-
made lace without remarking the injurious
effect has upon the public taste. When it
it

aims at imitating the work of the pillow, the

spurious showiness and perfection of it the
likeness and yet unlikeness palls when one
becomes accustomed to it, and may create a
distaste for the real thing, which, in contrast to
the imitation, never by itself tires the eye. This

difficulty is met by the manufacturers by a con-

 DECLINE OF THE LACE INDUSTRY 49

stant change of fashion and style, the tawdriness

of the new fashion passing unnoticed. Machine
lace is at its best when it does not directly
imitate any pillow lace, when it takes an inde-

pendent place of its own, with suitable designs

made expressly for it. The distinction between
the real and the imitation is now much more
clearly understood than it was twenty years ago;
the true place and use of each recognised, is

and, though real lace cannot regain the unique

position which it once held, it cannot now
be said to suffer from competition with the
machine.
The social change in village life had prob-
ably a far
greater effect on the industry
than had the imitation lace. The small, self-
supporting Community had become little more
than a colony of agricultural labourers. The
Parish Councils failed to restore the village life

because the old free population had departed

into the towns, the were
little village trades
lost ormerged town
in the great
manufactures.
The change came gradually, and as it came it
threw more and more power into the hands of
the landowner and tenant farmer, and it was
to their interest to discourage the village
industry and make the population entirely de-
pendent upon the land. We have many proofs
of what was done to bring contempt upon the
50 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

lace industry. Instead of any effort being made

to prevent evil in connection with the lace

schools the whole system was most unjustly

condemned. Farmers' wives still speak con-
temptuously of lace-making, and twelve or
fourteen years ago few of the landowners knew
or cared anything about the trade. People talk
of having sometimes bought a bit of lace from
some poor starving old woman, as if they had
performed a great act of charity, instead of
having got a fine piece of work for less than
half its value.
We asked a middle-aged woman for reminis-
cences of the lace school.
"
I much to a lace school, though
never went
of course made lace. Our clergyman's wife
I

persuaded me to leave the lace school and come

to a school she had, to learn needlework."
No doubt there was much of this persuading
and much demonstration of the superiority of
needlework to lace, and the greater respect-
ability of the lady's school.
No one can do too much in the cause of true
education, but it was characteristic of the times
that theway to improve the girls should have
been the destruction of a beautiful craft. The
reform of the lace school was perhaps as neces-
sary as the reform of the factory. We know
more now of the merits of fresh air and space ;
 DECLINE OF THE LACE INDUSTRY 51

but the teachers were not always tyrants, and

the best of our village population the most
refinedand clever and enterprising spent their
childhood at their pillows.
The role of the former lace-makers numbers
National School teachers, shopkeepers, and the
wives of the higher rank of village artisans.
It can hardly be argued that the trade was the

enemy of education.
The Education Act dealt the final blow at
the lace industry. The school at Paulers Pury,
in Northants, was continued until after the
children were obliged to attend the National
School ;
but it had to be abandoned, as the
teacher (who makes lace) found that her
still

pupils were not able to do any good work after

the day's lessons were over. They were thus
leftwithout technical training, everything being
given up for the sake of learning reading,
writing, and arithmetic.
At Paulers Pury the best point-ground work
had always been made work which no machine
could rival, and which was always valuable ;

and the direct effect of the Education Act and

of the changing social conditions is most clearly
seen.
The loss of the lace schools left the industry

without organisation and without capital and

without a fresh supply of trained workers.
52 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

After a bad period of idling at home, the girls

began to go out to service and to take the

place of the tradesmen's and farmers' daughters,
who were beginning to think domestic service
beneath them. To go out was now considered
a rise in the social scale, and so the contempt
in which lace-making was held increased.
In the next chapter we shall endeavour to
follow the turn of the tide which has resulted
in the revival of the old trade.
 VII

REVIVAL OF THE LACE INDUSTRY

IT has been felt for some time past that some-

thing must be done to prevent the utter stag-

nation of village life, and that to provide a

good school with nothing beyond but the work

on the land was to sow the seeds of discontent
and the mischief that comes of dulness. We
have been encouraging village entertainments
and holidays, village music, and, above all,
village industries. The Home Arts and In-
dustries Association for Northamptonshire,
under Miss Dryden's energetic influence, has
done wonders for the lace as well as for other
beautiful crafts.Other county exhibitions have
encouraged lace-making competitions, and it is
usually an important feature at the great annual
Home Arts and Industries Exhibition at the
Albert Hall.
Even before this great movement ladies were
beginning to interest themselves in the beautiful
but almost vanished craft of the Midland
counties. Old lace-makers who remembered
53
54 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

how to make the delicate baby -laces of a

former generation were sought out and set to
work. Marvellous parchments for the old wide
half-stitch patterns, long thrown aside for the
coarse Maltese, were discovered and wondered
at. Harrowing tales were told of parchments
burnt, or boiled down to make glue, and of
bobbins used to light the fire. The inquiring
ladies, under the spell that lace seldom fails
to throw over its devotees, sought out good
threads and patterns, and eagerly bought up

good work.
A poor old widow, seventy-nine years of age,
when visited by one of the ladies who was
"
hunting up lace for stock," in 1891, was found
to have hoarded up in a box 15.$-. worth of

lace, and was diligently working to add to her

store, hoping some day to be able to sell it.

When our visitor bought the boxful as it was

the tears of joy came into her eyes. She is
now eighty-seven years of age, and is still

making lace.

In almost every village something was done.

There was want of method, perhaps, and waste
of force, but it was an enthusiasm no one ;

believed at the time that there was any great

business possibility in the lace industry. An

attempt to bring order into the chaos resulted

"
in the formation of the Midland Lace Associa-
 REVIVAL OF THE LACE INDUSTRY 55

tion." A letter which appeared in the North-

ampton Daily Chronicle for January I2th, 1897,
explains the genesis of this Association :

"LACE ASSOCIATION FOR THE COUNTIES OF NORTH-

AMPTON, BUCKINGHAM, AND BEDFORD A SHORT I

ACCOUNT OF ITS ORIGIN AND FORMATION.

"On February 3rd, 1891, an exhibition of needle-

work and pillow lace was held in Northampton, and
was opened by H.R.H. the Duchess of Teck. There
were 550 exhibits of pillow lace, all made in the
above counties. A large amount of prizes was
awarded to the poor lace-workers; indeed, so great
was the interest exhibited, and so large the quantity
of lace sold, that it seemed a pity to let the industry
die out (as it was fast doing) for want of encourage-
ment. A preliminary meeting was held in St. Giles's
Vicarage, and the scheme of the Lace Association
was drawn up. The Countess Spencer kindly con-
sented to act as president, with twelve vice-presidents,
and five ladies were appointed to act as a working

committee. There was also a general committee of

subscribers, whose subscriptions enabled the working
committee to buy in a stock of lace, and to meet the
expenses of postage, printing, etc.
"
The objects of the Association were
" i. To stimulate and improve the local manufac-
ture of lace.
"2. To provide workers with greater facilities for
the sale of their work at more remunerative prices.
"
3. To provide instruction in lace-making.
"Wherever it was possible a lady correspondent
56 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS
was appointed to act as a medium of communica-
tionbetween the lace-workers and the committee.
"
At first the lace was sold through the agency of
a depot in Northampton, but at the end of six months
the working committee took upon themselves the
whole responsibility of the sales, and with so much
success that the amount of lace sold has gone on
steadily increasing each year, and so great now is
the demand for this beautiful fabric that the com-
mittee find it difficult to keep pace with the orders
that flow in.
" In
consequence of the great demand for lace the
work of the Association has increased to such an
extent that it has been found necessary this year to

appoint a special agent to buy and sell for the com-

mittee. It is hoped in time (if the demand for lace

goes on increasing) that the Association will become

self-supporting ; but at present, owing to the increased
expenses connected withits working, it is still more

or less dependent upon subscriptions. I must not

omit to add that in 1894 the Lace Association was

honoured by an order for 360 yards of pillow lace
by H.R.H. the Duchess of York. Before concluding
this little sketch it is only right to mention that
before the Lace Association was even thought of,
ladies in Northamptonshire and the adjoining counties
had endeavoured to revive the industry in their own
immediate neighbourhoods. Mrs. Chettle, who is
now an active member of the Lace Association,
began her work in 1888, and before the Association
was started had sold .200 worth of lace. Miss M.
Roberts, of Spratton, in 1890, started a small sub-
scription fund to enable her to buy the poor people's
lace, which she sold for them amongst her friends.
 REVIVAL OF THE LACE INDUSTRY 57

So back as 1880 Mrs. Harrison, of Paulers Pury,

far

began to take an interest in it. She sold a large

quantity of lace to the Ladies' Work Society in

Sloane Street, and in 1883 received an order from

H.R.H. the Princess Louise and the Duchess of
Edinburgh. In 1883 she furnished the Princess
Christian, by special request, with notes and statistics

of the Bucks lace industry for an article H.R.H.

was writing in Murray's Magazine, and this article

brought the lace-makers into notice, and furnished

them with fresh orders. In 1891 Mrs. Harrison
joined the Lace Association, and took an active
interest in the formation of County Council lace-
classes for the various villages of Northamptonshire. . .

" Miss
Dryden's able and interesting article in the
Pall Mall Magazine of March last brought the lace
into further notice, and has been the means of
also

bringing in fresh orders, amongst others one from a

Russian nobleman, who sent a donation to the
Association, and also asked for patterns and parch-
ments of English-made pillow laces for his mother,
who is a c
past master
'
in the art of Russian pillow
lace-making, and who wishes to copy some of our
English- made laces. In conclusion I would add
that I received an 'award' from Chicago for speci-
mens of pillow lace sent on behalf of the Midland
lace-makers.
"GEORGINA M. ROBERTS.
"SPRATTON VICARAGE, NORTHAMPTON."

Mrs. Roberts, the writer of this letter, is her-

self a most accomplished lace-maker, familiar
with the methods of the old Italian laces, of the
58 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

Honiton lace, of the heavy linen laces, as well

as being a good point-ground worker. The
Association beginning as it did, with far too
little capital (only 15), was unable by itself

to carry on a business which developed so

rapidly as did the pillow-lace trade. The

ladies of the
working committee, therefore,
dipped generously into their own pockets, and
added largely to the capital without seeking
for any return in the form of interest or profit.
This generous spending did not appear in the
accounts of the Lace Association, that business
being kept separate from the further individual
efforts of the ladies, though all worked har-

moniously together for its good. Through

stress of circumstances and from convenience,
and partly on account of Mrs. Roberts's near-
ness to Northampton, the work of the Associa-
tion proper fell mainly into her hands. She
bought and sold lace and thread and parch-
ments, superintending as no ordinary secretary
could have done, carrying on for no pecuniary
reward a business which filled the whole of the
working-day with arduous labour. It must be
remembered that lace teachers and prickers
were almost extinct, that good thread and pins
were difficult to obtain, that many of the
younger lace-makers had been trained in bad
methods. Mrs. Roberts experimented with
 Is-
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i*S:= $.J&!'*'<Wrtl::l3&&te

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 REVIVAL OF THE LACE INDUSTRY 59

threads and patterns there was no lace which

;

she did not understand and could not correct.

Wisely comprehending that success could not

attend mere lifeless revivals of old work, she
collected patterns and laces from all over
Europe, and welcomed every kind of work that
was good. In 1897 she was obliged to give up
the work of selling and buying, and it was

placed in the hands of a lady agent in North-

ampton, who has carried it on with untiring
devotion.
Another member of the first working com-
mittee was Mrs. Chettle, who is referred to in
Mrs. Roberts's letter. This lady found distress
among the population about Towcester in 1865,
on account of slackness in the shoe trade, and
she then helped the people by disposing of
200 worth of lace amongst her friends. After-
wards she allowed her interest in lace-making
to drop until the year 1888, when she began to
devote herself to the task of buying and selling,
and now has a large connection. Mrs. Bostock,
who bought and sold in the town of Northamp-
ton, also belonged to the first committee.
At Prince's Risborough Mrs. Forrest carried
on the same work, and many others laboured,
following the example of the originators of the
movement. Mrs. Harrison of Paulers Pury
was one of the first to carry on lace -buying
60 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

on a large scale, though she did not join the

Association till 1891.

All these ladies took the place of the old

professional lace -buyers, who had almost all

given up the trade in the time of its decline.

They began, generally in a small way, to buy
the lace of old workers out of charity and also
from the pure love of it. The rapidity with
which these small beginnings became, in the
hands of ladies unaccustomed to business and
with no wish to make money, large affairs
in which the annual expenditure amounted to
hundreds of pounds, shows the real vitality of
the trade ;
it shows that at any rate it was not
dead because it was not wanted. All who
entered into it were carried along, as it were, in-
voluntarily devoting their lives and their money
without any previous planning, plunging sud-
denly into important business transactions just
because they happened to be on the spot to do
the work and there was no one else to do it.
There have been no great losses, neither has
there been much profit, for the lace has gene-

rally been sold at very little over cost price.

It has not been possible, however, to work the

Association as distinct from the individual work

of the ladies (though it has been only financially

distinct) without expenses ; it has therefore been

to a small extent in debt.
 VIII

THE CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF LACE-

MAKING AT THE PRESENT TIME

HAS the industry a future? is it business or is

it charity? No
question more often put to
is

the modern lady lace-buyer. There is a great

demand, so great that, it must be frankly con-
fessed, it very often cannot be met. Sometimes
orders have to be refused, often orders which
could be had for the asking are not asked for.

Lace-buyers, both the amateur (who has by far

the greater part of the business) and the genuine
trader working for his own profit, constantly
"
reiterate the cry, I could could get the
sell if I

work." It is workers we want, workers by the

hundred, workers who will make the kind of lace
we need. There are some lace-makers who will

offer to make you any kind of lace except the

one which you happen to want at the moment.

Generally you are forced to buy anything they
will consent to make on account of the necessity

of keeping up your stock, though it may be

almost impossible to get a profit on that par-
ticular work.
61
62 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

This state of things very naturally suggests

the question, Is the work needed, or are we so
rich that we can do without such an industry?
There is undoubtedly a considerable class of
persons to whom it is an immense boon, to
whom itsdisappearance would be an irreparable
loss. There are hundreds of women between
sixty and ninety years of age quite unfit for any
other kind of work who keep themselves by it
in independence; any lace-buyer can count up
a large number who keep their husbands as
well husbands past work, crippled, or blind, or
bedridden. The old mother living in the son's
or daughter's house, past being any assistance in
the housework, feels the delight of not being a
burden on the hard-pressed children. She can
still sit at her pillow part of the day and earn
the four or five shillings a week which keeps her.

Perhaps to the aged the occupation is almost as

great a boon as the earnings, and this accounts
for the intense pleasure with which the work is

almost always spoken of. When sons and

daughters are all grown up and gone away, the
long days may be unspeakably dull to the old
couple, but the wife can always make herself
happy turning over the bobbins. We went to

see a widow, over eighty years old, living all

alone, and tried to buy some of her beautiful

"
lace. When my husband was alive," she said,
 AT THE PRESENT TIME 63

"
he didn't care for me working at it, so I put it

on one side; but now he's dead, I couldn't do

without it, I should be so dull." She could not
sellus any of her work, she had orders that
would keep her busy for months to come.
But it is not only the aged who are glad
of the work the mother of the family finds
;

ita great help. When the housework is done,

and the children are all away at school, she
can sit down and work for a couple of hours,
and the week's earnings will be a comfortable
addition to her man's wages, especially when
there is a large family and he a labourer on
12s. or 14^. a week. There is no other industry
so convenient for the home. It is clean work

and needs cleanliness, for lace must be spot-

lessly white if the worker is to get her full

price. It creates no litter and no untidiness.

The pillow stands by the window, with a cloth
thrown over it and the chair ready before it.
When baby is put to sleep, the mother has
but to the cloth and begin her work there
lift :

is no getting out of material and implements,

and no putting away and clearing up when
the children come home to tea. Where shoe-
work or stay-work is taken at home, the littered
floor and whirring machine make an unpleasant

contrast to the tidiness and quietness of the

bobbins with their little subdued rattle so
64 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

pleasant to the ear. Lace-making is not tiring,

nor in any way trying ; given suitable spectacles
for the old women, not at all trying to the
it is

eyes indeed, an expert worker on a lace she

knows well, looks at it no more than a needle-
woman looks at a long seam. " I could do it
"
with my eyes shut is a phrase one often hears
of lace-making, but we take that statement for
what it isIt is not monotonous work,
worth.
for even the simplest lace the pattern creates
in

a variety of motion and sufficient occupation

for the mind. "My mother always said that
to sit down was the best rest
to her pillow
she could have after her work," we have been
told by the daughter of a famous lace-maker.
On the advantages and pleasures of the work
much more might justly be said but there is ;

one drawback, a drawback that in these days

seems to have remarkable force it lakes, in :

comparison with other home industries, a long

time to learn. No one loves shoe-work and
stay-work, but they can be learnt with astonish-
ingly little expenditure of time and trouble,
and herein lies their superiority. An average
woman working in her odd hours cannot earn
more than 2s. or $s. a week until she has been
learning lace-making for a year ; she may earn
as much as that after six months; she will

probably earn enough to pay for her pillow

 AT THE PRESENT TIME 65

and bobbins and material after six weeks. A

really first-class lace-maker needs four or five

years of training. She is, of course, earning

something all the time, and she is not having
lessons continuously, but only when she changes
from one pattern to another. During the first

few weeks, before the fingers become supple

and accustomed to the action, the work may
seem slow and tedious, and some perseverance
is Unfortunately perseverance is a
necessary.
rare virtue among our villagers their faint-
;

heartedness in every matter which does not

immediately go well is very remarkable, and

would be almost beyond belief.
In the old days children began very young ;

and a child of five or six, who has an oppor-

tunity of learning, will often think lace-making

a most delightful occupation superior to all
Kindergarten games. But nowadays it cannot
be taught until schooldays are over, when the
girlsget out of the regular school routine, and
are unsettled and disinclined to steady work.
Then, after a little loafing about at home, they

are off to service, and we wonder where the next

generation of lace-makers is to come from. If

the babies could be taught to handle the bobbins
in schooltime, instead of plaiting paper mats (no
easier to do) and other Kindergarten occupa-
tions, and if the girls in the upper school could
66 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS
have an hour or two a week for lace-making
instead of working thousands of sums which
do not lead to any comprehension of mathe-
matics, and are never likely to be of the
smallest use to them, they would, when they
leave school, be fairly efficient lace-makers.
This need not in anywise prevent their going
to service, but in the interval of looking out
for a good place they would be useful members
of society ; they would have a valuable resource
in a case of breakdown of health, and after their

marriage they would have a pleasant and re-

fining occupation for spare hours. If money is

not greatly needed, lace can be made for baby's

clothes. The first piece of lace made to trim
the daughter's pinafore has been a great
little

source of pride and pleasure to a married lace

pupil. we can train young lace-makers

Unless
now, the trade must pass away with the present
generation. All our present workers (the ex-

ceptions are too few to be taken into account)

were trained they paid a little
in lace schools ;

for learning, and got their earnings meanwhile.

The system was admirably adapted to the nature
of the industry it provided it provided an eco-
;

nomical system of excellent technical training

without the help of rates or Government grant.
To commence such a period of teaching now
after the girls leave school is out of the question.
 AT THE PRESENT TIME 67

Even putting on one side the need of domestic

servants, they could not, after thirteen years of

age, be kept training for three or four years for a

profession, when they should be keeping them-
selves. The economy of the old system lay
in the fact that a girl, beginning quite young,

could do very well by the time she was thirteen

or fourteen. Something is, however, being done.
In some villages a class is held once or twice
a week after school hours, to which girls over
eleven years old come. The classes generally
include some who have already left school, but
who are waiting be old enough to go into good
to
service. Unfortunately it is an expensive matter
to keep such classes going for any length of
time, as the girls seldom care to pay for their
instruction. They expect to learn everything
for nothing,because the elementary schools are
free; also they do not feel sufficiently sure of

being able to continue their work to care to

spend money upon it. A lace school of this
kind has been started by Mrs. Guthrie at East
Haddon, Northamptonshire. She provides a
teacher for girls twice a week in a sort of

parish room in the village. Here also, on one

day in the week, the writer holds a class for
adults. In connection with the school is an
industry for theproduction of fine lace-trimmed
household linen. It is hoped to be able to
68 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

rival the wonderfully dainty linen goods of

Austria and Germany and, indeed, there seems
;

to be no doing so, for the only

difficulty in

complaint made of our towels by a Bond

Street shop was that they were too beautiful ;

ladies would not buy them for the purpose

for which they were intended. Yet there was
no unsuitability of material it was merely a
;

matter of dainty needlework and perfectly har-

monious design. Ladies do our drawn-thread
work, and we make a point of suiting the stitch
and linen to the lace. In this matter of har-
mony and oneness of design the beautiful

foreign linen is often a failure. There is no

doubt about our being able to do it, but we
need more workers. East Haddon is not the

only village where these On

classes are held.

bicycle or horseback Miss Channer goes from

one to another, holding more than one class
a day in villages three or four miles apart.
County Councils give but a meagre help in
this great question of the technical training of

the lace-maker. The Northampton County

Council gives this year 15 for lace-making.
One village may claim 3, which will keep a

class going for about six weeks. At the end

of that time, if no generous patron is ready to
pay for its continuance, the girls probably give
up trying, and all the time and money is wasted.
 AT THE PRESENT TIME 69

At Pury Mrs. Harrison persuades

Paulers

many mothers to teach their daughters. But

Paulers Pury is an exceptional place; it has
excellent traditions ;
its point-ground laces are
unrivalled ;
there is an abundance of good
patterns in fact, patterns which do not take
prizes at lace competitions are usually elimi-
nated. Here, as many as one in three of the
female population are lace-makers. In other
parts of the counties a much smaller propor-
tion of the mothers are lace-makers, and a still

smaller proportion are good lace-makers. Many

mothers cannot, and many will not take the
trouble, to teach their daughters.
In Mrs. Guthrie's school linen laces, both of
the German and Italian style, are taught as well
as the fine point-ground edgings. At one of
Miss Channer's classes held at Spratton real
Valenciennes is being taught. The people are
quick and ready to learn a new lace if only
the teaching problem can be dealt with this ;

problem is
successfully solved abroad and is un-
doubtedly the foundation of foreign lace-making.
It is true that we cannot compete with foreigners

in theproduction of cheap torchon laces. Our

people will not work for so little money as the
Swiss and Germans and Belgians.
After dealing with country lace-makers one
" "
wonders how, even in towns, sweating can
70 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

be possible in England ! One longs for some

of the poor hard-worked Londoners to help
build up our trade. When our villagers refuse
to make lace as cheaply as it is imported from

abroad, it must be remembered that the

foreign
work is generally inferior. It is surely a matter
for some honest pride that most of our women

would be ashamed to ask us to buy lace such

as one sees in some London shop windows ;

they take a pride in their work, and will not

"
often lower its quality for more gain. Look
into it and you'll see it's good work," says a
woman standing out for what she considers
a fair price. " I would not show it you at all
if you could not say it is well made." Yet that
woman was dependent on lace to keep her and
her blind husband from abject poverty; her pride
would not have allowed her to take a penny off
the price, nor to offer anything but the best
work. The public does not always distinguish
between good and bad quality; it asks for

something cheap. It sees in a shop window

Real Torchon, 2d." and it says, How wonder-
" "

fully cheap! I'll have a dozen yards." The

Northamptonshire woman would have remarked,
"
I would not be a foreigner to make such stuff,"

and she would have been taunted with the

"
reproach, You can't do it so cheap." No, we
cannot, and we do not succeed when we try to
 AT THE PRESENT TIME 71

be cheap. There is a certain knack in turning

out poor work of a perfectly uniform quality.
The writer has deliberately tried to imitate poor
Brussels lace, but she can only make it hope-

lessly and unevenly bad, or uniformly good and

expensive. English people must triumph by the

superiority of their work if they are to triumph

at all, and if it is good they must be well paid

for it. It is in the best and most expensive laces
that we must try to make our way, leaving two-
penny torchon to the foreigner. It is unfortunate

that our British public has an hereditary prefer-

ence for expensive foreign lace over British.
Many a lady will take pleasure in spending
10 on lace in Venice when she will hesitate to
spend IQS. on equally good lace in Northampton !

It is uninteresting and unromantic to buy lace

in Northampton, even if it is exactly like the

Venetian and no more expensive.

Having dealt at some length with the condi-
tion of the industry as regards the worker, we
must, before passing on to other aspects, show
what are the earnings of a lace-maker. There
are a few women who get 1
per week or
more ; many more could earn as much if they
could be properly taught. The average among
those who devote a considerable amount of
time to it is perhaps los. per week. Some will

only earn 5^., and some very old women not

7* LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

more than 2s. or 3^. There are hardly any

women who really give up all their time to
it ; very few who sit at it regularly many hours
a day. To
earn one's shilling a day after the
housework and cooking is done is considered
a very creditable performance. These earnings
ought not to be compared with those of girls
working regularly in factories for there cannot ;

be the steady uninterrupted work at home, where

four or five hours is a good measure, in addition
to other duties and interruptions. How does
the industry stand from the trader's point of
view? This is a much-debated question.
At the time when the trade was at its lowest
ebb, ten or twelve years ago, almost all the pro-
fessional lace-buyers had abandoned it. Mr.
Smith, at Olney, tells us that he continued

merely from love of the work without hope

of profit. The profits are still extremely small,
but he, like everyone else, complains of having
too small a staff of workers. Mr. W. Robinson,
of Bedford, turned his attention to millinery
laces of horsehair and fibre they are worked ;

on old yak and torchon parchments, but some

of them resemble straw plaiting more than lace.
The field then was absolutely free for the
amateur; there was practically no competition
with the lace-buyers. The situation was a
unique one ;
ladies who were amateurs in the
 AT THE PRESENT TIME 73

art of buying and selling found themselves

masters of a rising industry, which in its former
flourishing days had always been carried on
from the strictly commercial point of view;
nor can there have been many other trades in

England so entirely in the hands of women.

It would have been surprising indeed if no

mistakes had been made it is surprising that so

;

few were made. Time has proved that it was a

mistake to begin the Lace Association with so
small a capital taking the individual lace busi-
;

nesses of the various ladies, those who have put

the most money into it have the most flourish-

ing industry and have suffered the least loss.

At present an attempt is being made to start

the Midland Lace Association on a new basis
with a solid capital, on which interest can be
paid if the present conditions continue. An
offshoot of this association, the North Bucks
Lace Association, which remains affiliated to
the parent society, has begun in a business-like

way, having the advantage that always comes

of beginning later and profiting by the mistakes
of one's predecessors. It is excellently organ-

isedand does good work.

Another mistake was that of keeping prices
too low. The women for a few years had had

great difficulty in selling their lace and ex-

pected to get very little for it; they therefore
74 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

accepted absurdly little remuneration for their

work. The new buyers, not wishing to make
any profit, sold it again for very little. This
was a drawback in many ways. First of all it

kept young people from wishing to learn lace-

making so little could be earned, that only old
;

lace-makers who could do very little else, cared

to takeit up, and buyers were dependent upon

a generation which was passing away. In the

second place, no one who desired to make a
profit could begin trading in lace, as they would
inevitably be undersold by the ladies. The con-
sequence, if this had continued, would have been
that a very large body of workers would have
been dependent upon the existence of a suffi-

ciently large body of ladies willing to work very

hard at this trade for nothing, a state of things
which could not be guaranteed to last.
Another way in which low prices have been a
hindrance, has been the difficulty of supplying
shops, who would have been good customers.
The shop could not put on its fair profit and sell
the lace, when it could be had for so very much
less by writing to a Northamptonshire lady, or
at one of the lace sales and exhibitions. The
Association, which could not sell as economically
as ladies could sell among their own friends, was
to a certain extent undersold. It could not make
even a large enough profit to pay the expenses of
 AT THE PRESENT TIME 75

keeping up an Association shop, which would

undoubtedly have been an advantage to the in-
dustry. Fortunately this condition of things is

now righting itself. Prices are gradually rising,

though some good laces are still being sold

for too little, which may soon have the effect

of making them disappear from the market.

Ladies in connection with the Association have
agreed to add a definite percentage to the
cost price of their lace. The need of a larger
staff of workers has to some extent forced up
the scale of remuneration to the lace -maker,

though if thishad happened sooner we should

to-day be in a better position and able to put
a larger stock into the market. With better

prices, lace shops are buying, to a much larger

extent than formerly, from Midland villages ;

but the bulk of the trade is still in the hands

of the Association and those connected with
it. With good management this may easily
remain so, for we are more popular with the

lace -makers than is the commercial traveller,

and we get all the best work. When they are
well served, the shops are very willing to trade,
with us, and we can often send them a better
selection than their own travellers can obtain.
Personal experience would suggest that shop

managers are the most satisfactory persons to

deal with, for they are invariably courteous and
76 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

business-like, and withal pay promptly, which

cannot always be said of our lady customers.
We should not be always in such need of capital
if we could avoid bad debts the necessity of
;

paying workers immediately makes it very try-

ing to be obliged to wait months and months
for the price of lace sold, and means much draw-
ing upon the lace banking account.
A
good idea of the stock which we can show
could have been gathered at the lace exhibition
and sale held by kind permission of the Earl and
Countess Spencer at Spencer House on July I2th
of last year. The value of the lace in the room
was calculated at about Soo. Probably not
much of what was unsold that day remained
many weeks on hand. It represents pretty ac-
curately what the Association can produce at
short notice, but it does not give a correct idea
of the whole output of the three counties. It
did not include the work of the North Bucks
Association, which held a separate and very
successful sale, nor does it show the great quan-
tity of lace made to order on which workers are
continually engaged. These periodical sales are
at present necessary to bring the customers into
touch with the work, but it would be to the con-
venience of the customer and to the advantage
of the trade if this stock could be shown at a

permanent shop or depot.

 AT THE PRESENT TIME 77

The
existence of an industry is not entirely
a question of supply and demand opportunity ;

and organisation are important factors. In our

three lace counties we have a body of expert
lace -makers capable of holding their own

against any foreign manufacturers, if they are

given a chance, if the trade can be organised
on lines favourable to its development. We
have tried to show that itslife or death is

very largely a question of technical education,

yet all that has been done for the training of
the lace -maker is owing to private generosity.
The County Councils help with the merest
pittance, and neutralise the little good they
do by imposing oppressive regulations.
A teacher now working under the Northamp-
ton County Council is told that she cannot be

paid for her work until four other villages have

finished their courses of lessons. She does not
know whether these villages have even begun.
Besides being asked to wait for her remunera-
tion for an indefinite period, she has to advance

money herself for pillows, bobbins, and threads,

for the same reason that no money can be paid
to her until the other four villages of which she
knows nothing have finished their work. Not
many teachers would consent to such conditions.
Such a system may answer for technical classes,
like those held for teaching wood-carving, which
78 LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

are merely for improving amusement, but for a

serious trade it is an absurdity. The
supineness
of the authorities of the counties concerned is

extraordinary. Lace-making cannot be learnt

at the Technical School in Northampton, nor
is design taught with any view to its being
utilised for lace-making.In spite of the number
of curious relics of the past in the shape of

lace-pillows, pins, winders, candle-blocks, flasks,

bobbins, dicky-pots, maids, etc., which abound
in the county, the Northampton museum only

shows one dirty, neglected pillow and horse.

There is no collection of old parchments, no
collection of lace (though a collection of North-

ampton lace would be of supreme interest), and

no collection of lace designs and draughts for
the county.
Literature on the subject of lace-making is
unattainable at the Northampton Public Library;
we have tried in vain to hear in Northampton
of one single book on the subject of lace. We
have depended upon the kindness of friends
having valuable books in their possession, and
of Mr. Alan Cole, of the South Kensington
Museum, in allowing us to make use of his
splendid lecture on the art of lace-making.
South Kensington is generous in allowing us
to make use of photographs, and in the
museum every facility is given for the study
 AT THE PRESENT TIME 79

of the splendid collection of lace, but in the

counties themselves no help can be obtained

by the novice in lace. We

have been starved
and snubbed and neglected, and then we are
told the industry is not wanted because it has
not been a great success If only one little
!

room could be found in Northampton for a

good lace museum if only a few standard
;

books could be provided if design, and the

;

pricking and preparing of lace parchments

could be taught in the technical school, what
an improvement there would be !

The writers of this little book have turned

their attention to the preparation of parchments.
Miss M. Roberts, after studying the " principles
"
of design under Mr. Knight at the Technical
School, Northampton, has tried by herself to
apply her knowledge and skill to lace design,
and with considerable success. She is now
prepared to produce suitable patterns for all
kinds of lace for any kind of purpose. Miss
Channer has experimented in the pricking of
parchments with a view to discovering the best
method to teach others, in order that pricking

may not continue to be, as it now is in Eng-

" "
land, a lost art. The so-called prickers who
remain depend entirely upon old parchments
for the pricking of a point ground they are ;

incapable of ruling out any pattern for them-

8o LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS

selves. The old methods can be studied in

the remarkable draughts in the possession of
Mr. Smith, lace-buyer, of Olney.
Surely the existence in our midst of such
a beautiful art and handicraft as that of lace-
making is worth an effort, worth some public
attention, some public expenditure. It is natural

to our people ;
it is absolutely at home in our
three counties ;
beloved by thousands of
it is

our villagers, mixed with all the romance

of their lives, a blessing to the old and the
delight of the young. One notes the little
"
girls' delight to use an old bobbin with grand-
father's name on it" as one teaches in a class

of to-day, and one's mind wanders back in

imagination to the days when grandmother was

young and had husband's and children's names
on her pillow, when the little ones were sent
off day by day to the lace school, when the

young man gave his sweetheart pretty beaded

bone bobbins to make her pillow smart, and the
old man stayed at home to make lace, and
it seems as if all the romance and interest
of life centred round that curious old bundle
of straw, "my pillow." We must take it to
heart that the words are not a mere relic of the

past, but a living factor in thousands of homes

to-day.
PLYMOUTH : W. BRENDON AND SON. PRINTERS.
A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS
AND ANNOUNCEMENTS OF
METHUEN AND COMPANY
PUBLISHERS LONDON :

36 ESSEX STREET
W.C.

CONTENTS
....
......
FORTHCOMING BOOKS,
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PAGE

10
2

...
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.......
ILLUSTRATED AND GIFT BOOKS,
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. . II

14

15

BIOGRAPHY, . . . . .
.17
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....
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......
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.......39
24

24

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....
. .

. .
39

39
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40
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41

EDUCATIONAL BOOKS, . 42

AUGUST 1900
 AUGUST 1900

MESSRS. METHUEN'S
ANNOUNCEMENTS
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6 MESSRS. METHUEN'S ANNOUNCEMENTS
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 MESSRS. METHUEN'S ANNOUNCEMENTS 7

General Literature
DARTMOOR: A Descriptive and Historical Sketch. By S.
BARING GOULD. With Plans and Numerous Illustrations. Crown
Svo. 6s.

This book attempts to give to the visitor a descriptive history of the antiquities and
natural features of this district. It is profusely illustrated from paintings and from
photographs. Plans are also given of the chief antiquities. The book is uniform
with the author's well-known Book of the West,

THE BRITISH GARDENER AND AMATEUR. By

W. WILLIAMSON. Illustrated. Demy Svo. IDS. 6<t.
A complete handbook of horticulture by a well-known expert.

THE RUBAIYAT OF OMAR KHAYYAM. Translated by

EDWARD FITZGERALD, with a Commentary by H. M. BATSON, and
a Biography of Omar by E. D. Ross, M.A. 6s.

This edition of the famous book, the text of which is printed by permission of Messrs.
Macmillan, the most complete in existence.
is It contains FitzGerald's last text,
and a very commentary on each stanza. Professor Ross, who is an admirable
full
Persian scholar, contributes a biography, containing many new, valuable, and
interesting facts.

Scientific and Educational

THE CAPTIVI OF PLAUTUS. Edited, with an Introduction,
Textual Notes, and a Commentary, by W. M. LINDSAY, Fellow of
Jesus College, Oxford. Demy Svo. los. 6d. net.
For this edition all the important MSS. have been re-collated. An appendix deals
with the accentual element in early Latin verse. The Commentary is very full.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF LARGE INDUCTION COILS.

By A. T. HARE, M.A. With numerous Diagrams. Demy Svo. 6s.
LACE-MAKING IN THE MIDLANDS, PAST AND
PRESENT. By C. C. CHANNER and M. E. ROBERTS. With 16
full-page Illustrations. Crown Svo. 2s. 6d.

AGRICULTURAL ZOOLOGY. By Dr. J. RITZEMA Bos.

Translated by R. AINSWORTH DAVIS, M.A. With an Introduc-
J.
tion by ELEANOR A. ORMEROD, F.E.S. With 155 Illustrations.
Crown Svo. 3^. 6d.

A SOUTH AFRICAN ARITHMETIC. By HENRY HILL,

B.A., Assistant Master at Worcester School, Cape Colony. Crown
Svo. 3.5-.
6d.
This book has been specially written for use in South African schools.

A GERMAN COMMERCIAL READER. By S. BALLY, M.A.

Crown Svo. 2s. [Methueii's Commercial Series.
8 MESSRS. METHUEN'S ANNOUNCEMENTS

Fiction
THE MASTER CHRISTIAN. By MARIE CORELLI. Crown
Svo. 6s.

QUISANTE. By ANTHONY HOPE. Crown Svo. 6s.

A MASTER OF CRAFT. By W. W. JACOBS, Author of

* '

Many Cargoes. Illustrated. Crown Svo. 6s.

THE GATELESS BARRIER. By LUCAS MALET, Author

'
The Wages of Sin.
'
Crown Svo. 6s.

CUNNING MURRELL. By ARTHUR MORRISON, Author of

'
A Child of the Jago,' etc. Crown Svo. 6s.

FOR BRITAIN'S SOLDIERS : Stories for the War Fund. By

RUDYARD KIPLING and Others. Edited by C. J. CUTCLIFFE
HYNE. Crown Svo. 6s.
A volume of the proceeds of which will be given to the War Fund.
stories,
Among the contributors are Rudyard Kipling, Sir W. Besant, S. R. Crockett,
:

A. E. W. Mason, Max Pemberton, H. G. Wells, C. J. C. Hyne, Mrs. Croker.

THE FOOTSTEPS OF A THRONE. By MAX PEMBERTON.

Illustrated. Crown Svo. 6s.

SONS OF THE MORNING. By EDEN PHILLPOTTS, Author

of The Children of the Mist.
'
Crown Svo. 6s.

THE SOFT SIDE. By HENRY JAMES, Author of What Maisie

Knew.' Crown Svo. 6s.

TONGUES OF CONSCIENCE.
'
By R. S. HICHENS, Author
of Flames.' Crown Svo. 6s.

THE CONQUEST OF LONDON. '

By DOROTHEA GERARD,
Author of Lady Baby.
'
Crown Svo. 6s.

WOUNDS IN THE RAIN : War Stories. By STEPHEN CRANE,

Author of The Red Badge of Courage.
' '
Crown Svo. 6s.

WINIFRED. By S. BARING GOULD, Author of 'Mehalah.'

With 8 Illustrations. Crown Svo. 6s.

THE STRONG ARM. By ROBERT BARR, Author of 'The

Countess Tekla.' Illustrated. Crown Svo. 6s.

THE SEEN AND THE UNSEEN. By RICHARD MARSH.

Author of The Beetle.' Crown Svo. 6s.
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S ANNOUNCEMENTS $

SERVANTS OF SIN. By J. BLOUNDELLE BURTON, Author

'The Clash of Arms.' Crown &vo. 6s.

A NEW NOVEL. By STEPHEN CRANE,

'
Author of 'The Red
Badge of Courage. Crown 8vo. 6s.

PATH AND GOAL. By ADA CAMBRIDGE. Crown &vo. 6s.

ELMSLIE'S DRAG NET. By E. H. STRAIN. Crown Svo. 6s.

A FOREST OFFICER. By Mrs. PENNY. CrownZvo. 3s. 6^.

A story of jungle life in India.

FITZJAMES. By LILIAN STREET. CrownZvo. y.6d.

Ube IRoveltet
A monthly of novels by popular authors at Sixpence.
series Each
Number is as long as the average Six Shilling Novel. Numbers I. to
XII. are now ready :

XIII. THE POMP OF THE LAVILETTES. GILBERT PARKER.

Ifufy
XIV. A MAN OF MARK. ANTHONY HOPE.
[August.
XV. THE CARISSIMA. LUCAS MALET.
[September.
XVI. THE LADY'S WALK. MRS. OLIPHANT.
[October.
XVII. DERRICK VAUGHAN. EDNA LYALL.
[November.

flfcetbuen's
A New Series of Copyright Books.
I. THE MATABELE CAMPAIGN. Maj. -General BADEN POWELL.

II. THE DOWNFALL OF PREMPEH. Do.

III. MY DANISH SWEETHEART. W. CLARK RUSSELL.

[July.
IV. IN THE ROAR OF THE SEA. S. BARING GOULD.
[August.
V. PEGGY OF THE BARTONS. B. M. CROKER.
[August.
VI. IN THE MIDST OF ALARMS. ROBERT BARR.
[September.

A 2
 A CATALOGUE OF

MESSRS. METHUEN'S
PUBLICATIONS

Poetry
Eudyard Kipling. BARRACK-ROOM "Q." GREEN BAYS: Verses and
BALLADS. By RUDYARD KIPLING. Parodies. By"Q." Second Edition.
68th Thousand. Crown. 8vo. 6s.
Crown 8vo. 3^. 6d.

Leather, 6s. net. E. Mackay. A SONG OF THE SEA.

1
Mr. Kipling's verse is strong, vivid, full By ERIC MACKAY. Second Edition.
of character. . . . Unmistakeable genius Fcap. 8vo. 55.
rings in every line." Times.
'
The ballads teem with imagination, they
H. Ibsen, BRAND. A Drama by
palpitate with emotion. read themWe HENRIK IBSEN. Translated by
with laughter and tears ; the metres throb WILLIAM WILSON. Third Edition.
in our pulses, the cunningly ordered Crown 8vo. 3^. 6d.
words tingle with life ;
and if this be not
poetry, what is ? 'Pall Mall Gazette. A. D. Godley. LYRA FRIVOLA. By
A. GODLEY, M.A., Fellow of
D.
Eudyard Kipling. THE SEVEN Magdalen College, Oxford. Third
SEAS. By RUDYARD KIPLING. Edition. Pott &vo. 2s. 6d.
%jth Thousand. Cr. 8vo. Buckram, 'Combines a pretty wit with remarkably
neat versification. Every one will
. . .

gilt top. 6s. Leather, 6s. net. wish there was more of it.' Times.
'
The Empire has found a singer ; it is no
depreciation of the songs to say that A. D. Godley. VERSES TO ORDER.
statesmen may have, one way or other, By A. D. GODLEY. Crown 8vo.
to take account of them.' Manchester 2s. 6d. net.
Guardian..
'A capital specimen of light academic
'Animated through and through with in- poetry.
'

St. James's Gazette.

dubitable genius.' Daily Telegraph.
J. G. Cordery. THE ODYSSEY OF
Q." POEMS AND BALLADS. By HOMER. A Translation by J. G.
"Q." Crown 8vo. %s. 6d> CORDERY. Crown 8vo. ^s. 6d.
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE ii

Belles Lettres, Anthologies, etc.

R. L. Stevenson. VAILIMA LET- W. M. Dixon. A PRIMER OF
TERS. By ROBERT Louis STEVEN- TENNYSON. By W. M. DIXON,
SON. With an Etched Portrait by M.A. Cr. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
WILLIAM STRANG. Second Edition.
'
Much sound and well-expressed criticism.
Crown 8vo. Buckram. 6s. The bibliography is a boon.' Speaker.
'A fascinating book.' Standard. W. A. Craigie. A PRIMER OF
'Unique in Literature. 'Daily Chronicle. BURNS. W. A. CRAIGIE.
By
G. Wyndham. THE POEMS OF WIL- Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d.
LIAM SHAKESPEARE. Edited 'A valuable addition to the literature of the
with an Introduction and Notes by poet.' Times.
GEORGE WYNDHAM, M.P. Demy L. Magnus. A PRIMER OF WORDS-
8vo. Buckram, gilt top. los. 6d.
' '
WORTH. By LAURIE MAGNUS.
This edition contains the Venus,' Lucrece,' Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d.
and Sonnets, and is prefaced with an c
A valuable contribution to Wordsworthian
elaborate introduction of over 140 pp. literature.' Literature.
'We have no hesitation in describing Mr.
George Wyndham's introduction as a Sterne. THE LIFE AND OPINIONS
masterly piece of criticism, and all who OF TRISTRAM SHANDY. By
love our Elizabethan literature will find a LAWRENCE STERNE. With an In-
very garden of delight in it.' Spectator. troduction by CHARLES WHIBLEY,
W. E. Henley. ENGLISH LYRICS. and a Portrait. 2 vols. 'js.
Selected and Edited by W. E.
THE COMEDIES OF
Crown 8vo. Congreve.
HENLEY. Gilt top. WILLIAM CONGREVE. With an
35. 6d. Introduction by G. S. STREET, and
'
of choice and lovely poetry.'
It is a body
a Portrait. 2 vols. js.
Birmingham Gazette.
Henley and Whibley. A BOOK OF Morier. THE ADVENTURES OF
ENGLISH PROSE. Collected by HAJJI BABA OF ISPAHAN. By
W. E. HENLEY and CHARLES JAMES MORIER. With an Introduc-
WHIBLEY. Crown 8vo. Buckram, tion by E. G. BROWNE, M.A. and a
gilt top. 6s. Portrait. 2 vols. ?s.
H. C. Beeching. LYRA SACRA An :
Walton. THE LIVES OF DONNE,
Anthology of Sacred Verse. Edited WOTTON, HOOKER, HERBERT
by H, C. BEECHING, M.A. Crown AND SANDERSON. By IZAAK
8vo. Buckram. 6s. WALTON. With an Introduction by
'A charming selection, which maintains a
VERNON BLACKBURN, and a Por-
lofty standard of excellence.' Times.
6d.
"Q." THE GOLDEN POMP. A Pro- trait. 3.?.

cession of English Lyrics. Arranged Johnson. THE LIVES OF THE

by A. T. QUILLER COUCH. Crown ENGLISH POETS. By SAMUEL
8vo. Buckram. 6s. JOHNSON, LL.D. With an Intro-
duction by J. H. MILLAR, and a Por-
W. B. Yeats. AN ANTHOLOGY OF
IRISH VERSE. Edited by W. B.
trait. 3 vols. los. 6d.
YEATS. Revised and Enlarged Burns. THE POEMS OF ROBERT
Edition. Crown 8vo. $s. 6d. BURNS. Edited by ANDREW LANG
'An attractive and catholic selection.' and W. A. CRAIGIE. With Portrait.
Times. Second Edition. Demy 8vo, gilt top.
G. W. Steevens. MONOLOGUES OF 6s.
THE DEAD. By G. W, STEEVENS. 'Among editions in one volume, this will
Foolscap 8vo. 3^. 6d. take the place of authority.' Times.
 12 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

F. Langbridge. BALLADS OF THE Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. y. 6

BRAVE Poems of Chivalry, Enter-
; School Edition. 2s. 6d.
prise, Courage, and Constancy. 'The book is full of splendid things.
1

Edited by Rev. F. LANGBRIDGE. World.

/ifcetbuen's Xibrarg
Dante. LA COMMEDIA DI WOOD. Edited by C. G. CRUMP,
DANTE ALIGHIERI. The Italian M.A. Crown 8vo. 6s.
Text edited by PAGET TOYNBEE, This edition is the only one which contains
M.A. Crown 8vo. 6s. the complete book as originally pub-
'A carefully-revised text, printed with lished. It contains a long Introduction
beautiful clearness.' Glasgow Herald. and many Footnotes.
"
1

"The History of Thomas Ellwood holds a

Gibbon. THE DECLINE AND high place among the masterpieces of
FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. autobiography, and we know few books
By EDWARD GIBBON. A New Edi- that better deserve reprinting. More-
tion, Edited with Notes, Appendices, over, Mr. C. G. Crump's new edition is
and Maps, by B. accurate and convenient, and we com-
J. BURY, LL.D., mend it ungrudgingly to all those who
Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin.
love sound and vigorous English.'
In Seven Volumes. Demy 8vo. Gilt
Daily Mail.
top. 8s. 6d. each. Also Cr. 8vo. 6s.

Tennyson. TH E EARLY POEMS OF

each.
1
The time has certainly arrived for a new
edition of Gibbon's great work. Pro- . . .
ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON,
fessor Bury is the right man to under- Edited, with Notes and an Introduc-
take this task. His learning is amazing, tion by J. CHURTON COLLINS, M.A.
both in extent and accuracy. The book Crown 8vo. 6s.
is issued in a handy form, and at a
An elaborate edition of the celebrated
moderate price, and it is admirably- volume which was published in its
'

printed. Times. final and definitive form in

' 1853. This
At last there is an adequate modern edition edition contains a long Introduction and
of Gibbon. . . . The best edition the
copious Notes, textual and explanatory.
nineteenth century could produce. It also contains in an Appendix all
Manchester Guardian. the Poems which Tennyson afterwards
'
A great piece of editing.' Academy. omitted.
'The greatest of English, perhaps of all,
historians has never been presented to 'Mr. Collins is almost an ideal editor of
the public in a more convenient and Tennyson. His qualities as a critic are
attractive form. No higher praise can an exact and accurate scholarship, and
be bestowed upon Professor Bury than a literary judgment, which has been
to say, as may be said with truth, that trained and polished by the closest study
he is worthy of being ranked with Guizot of classics both ancient and modern.
and Milman.' Daily News. Mr. Collins' introduction is a thoroughly
sound and sane appreciation of the
C. G. Crump. THE HISTORY OF merits and demerits of Tennyson. 1

THE LIFE OF THOMAS ELL- Literature.

ZTbe Worfcs of Sbafcespeare

General Editor, EDWARD DOWDEN, Litt. D.
MESSRS. METHUEN
in preparation an Edition of Shakespeare in
have
single Plays. Each play will be edited with a full Introduction, Textual
Notes, and a Commentary at the foot of the page.
The first volume is :

HAMLET. Edited by EDWARD volume, admirably printed and produced,

and containing all that a student of
DOWDEN. Demy 8vo. 3 . 6d. " Hamlet " need
require.' Speaker.
Fully up to the level of recent scholarship,
'An admirable edition. .. A comely both English and German. Academy.
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE 13

Gbe movete of Cbarles SMcfcens

Crown %vo. Each Volume ',
cloth 3*. net ; leather ^s. 6d. net.
Messrs. METHUEN
have in preparation an edition of those novels of Charles
Dickens which have now passed out of copyright. Mr. George Gissing,
whose critical study of Dickens is both sympathetic and acute, has written an
Introduction to each of the books, and a very attractive feature of this edition
will be the illustrations of the old houses, inns, and buildings, which Dickens
described, and which have now in many instances disappeared under the
touch of modern civilisation. Another valuable feature will be a series of
topographical and general notes to each book by Mr. F. G. Kitton. The books
will be produced with the greatest care as to printing, paper and binding.
The first volumes are :

THE PICKWICK PAPERS. With Illustrations by E. H. NEW. Two Volumes.

pleasant a copy as any one could desire. The notes add much to the value of the
'
As
edition, and Mr. New's illustrations are also historical. The volumes promise well
for the success of the edition.' Scotsman,

Cbe Xfttle Xibrars

The volumes compact in size, printed on thin but good paper in clear type,
'
are
prettily and at the same time strongly bound, and altogether good to look upon and
handle.' Outlook.

Pott 8vo. Each Volume^ cloth is. 6d. net, leather 2s. 6d. net.

Messrs. METHUEN
intend to produce a series of small books under the
above title, containing some of the famous books in English and other
literatures, in the domains of fiction, poetry, and belles lettres. The series
will also contain several volumes of selections in prose and verse.
The books will be edited with the most sympathetic and scholarly care.
Each one will contain an Introduction which will give (i) a short biography of
the author, (2) a critical estimate of the book. Where they are necessary,
short notes will be added at the foot of the page.
Each book will have a portrait or frontispiece in photogravure, and the
volumes will be produced with great care in a style uniform with that of ' The
Library of Devotion.'
The first volumes are :

VANITY FAIR. By W. M. THACK- IN MEMORIAM. By ALFRED, LORD I

ERAY. With an Introduction by S. TENNYSON. Edited, with an Intro-

GWYNN. Illustrated by G. P. duction and Notes, by H. C. BEECH-
JACOMB HOOD. Three Volumes. ING, M.A.
'
Delightful little volumes.' Publishers'
'An exquisite little volume, which will be
Circular,
gladly welcomed.' Glasgow Herald.
THE PRINCESS. By ALFRED, LORD
'
The introduction, analysis, and notes by
TENNYSON. Edited by ELIZABETH the Rev. H. C. Beeching are all of the
sound literary quality that was to be
WORDSWORTH. Illustrated by W. 1

Guardian.
E. F. BRITTEN. expected.
'The footnotes are scholarly, interesting,
'Just what a pocket edition should be.
Miss Wordsworth contributes an accept- and not super-abundant.' Standard.
able introduction, as well as notes which '
It is difficult to conceive a more attractive
one is equally glad to get.' Guardian. edition." St. James's Gazette.
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

Xittle GutDes
Pott Svo, cloth y. ; leather, 35. 6d. net.

OXFORD AND ITS COLLEGES. SHAKESPEARE'S COUNTRY. By

By J. WELLS, M.A, Fellow and B. C. WINDLE, F.R.S., M.A. Illus-
Tutor of Wadham College. Illus- trated by E. H. NEW. Second Edition.
trated by E. H. NEW. Third Edition. '
Mr. Windle isthoroughly conversant with
'
An admirable and accurate little treatise, his subject, and the workis exceedingly
attractively illustrated.' World. well done. The drawings, by Mr.
'Aluminous and tasteful little volume.' Edmund H. New, add much to the
Daily Chronicle. attractiveness of the volume.' Scots-
man.
CAMBRIDGE AND ITS COL- '
One of the most charming guide books.
LEGES. By A. HAMILTON THOMP- Both for the library and as a travelling
SON. Illustrated by E. H. NEW. companion the book is equally choice
'
It is brightly written and learned, and is and serviceable.' Academy.
just such a book as a cultured visitor
1
A guide book of the best kind, which
needs. 'Scotsman. takes rank as literature.' Guardian.

Illustrated and Gift Books

Phil May. THE PHIL MAY FIRTH, M.A. With 39 Illustrations
ALBUM. 4*0. 6s. by R. ANNING BELL. Crown 8vo. 6s.
'
There is a laugh in each drawing.'
'
The best "Pilgrim's Progress."'
Standard. Educational Times.
F. D. Bedford. NURSERY RHYMES.
A. ULYSSES; OR, DE
H. Milne. With many Coloured Pictures by F.
ROUGEMONT OF TROY. De- D. BEDFORD. Super Royal 8vo. 5*.
scribed and depicted by A. H. MILNE. A BOOK OF
Small quarto.
S. Baring Gould.
3^. 6d. FAIRY TALES retold byS. BARING
1
Clever, droll, smart.' Guardian.
GOULD. With numerous Illustra-
Edmund Selous. TOMMY SMITH'S tions and Initial Letters by ARTHUR
ANIMALS. By EDMUND SELOUS. GASKIN. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo.
J.
Illustrated by G. W. ORD. Fcap. 8vo. Buckram. 6s.
zs. 6d. S. Baring Gould. OLD ENGLISH
A little book designed to teach children FAIRY TALES. Collected and
respect and reverence for animals. edited by S. BARING GOULD. With
'A quaint, fascinating little book: a nur- Numerous Illustrations by F. D.
sery classic." Athenceum. BEDFORD. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo.
S. Baring Gould. THE CROCK OF Buckram. 6s.
GOLD. Fairy Stories told by S. 'A charming volume." Guardian.
BARING GOULD. Crown 8vo. 6s. S. Baring Gould. A BOOK OF
'Twelve delightful fairy tales.' Punch. NURSERY SONGS AND
M. L.Gwynn. A BIRTHDAY BOOK. RHYMES. Edited by S. BARING
Arranged and Edited by M. L. GOULD, and Illustrated by the Bir-
GWYNN. Demy 8vo. I2J. 6d. mingham Art School. Buckram, gilt
This is a birthday-book of exceptional top. Crown 8vo. 6s.
dignity, and the extracts have been H. C. Beeching. A BOOK OF
chosen with particular care. CHRISTMAS VERSE. Edited by
John Bunyan. THE PILGRIM'S H. C. BEECHING, M.A., and Illus-
PROGRESS. By JOHN BUNYAN. trated by WALTER CRANE. Cr. 8vo,
Edited, with an Introduction, by C. H. gilt top. 3*. 6d.
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

History
Flinders Petrie. A HISTORY OF Hinders Petrie. EGYPTIAN DECO-
EGYPT.FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES RATIVE ART. By W. M. FLIN-
TO THE PRESENT DAY. Edited by DERS PETRIE. With 120 Illustrations.
W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE, D.C.L., Cr. &vo. 3s. 6d.
LL.D., Professor of Egyptology at '
In these lectures he displays rare skill in
University College. Fully Illustrated. elucidating the development of decora-
In Six Volumes. Cr. 8vo. 6s. each. tive art in Egypt.' Times.
VOL. I. PREHISTORIC TIMES TO
XVlTH DYNASTY. W. M. F. C. W. Oman. A HISTORY OF THE
Petrie. Fourth Edition. ART OF WAR. Vol. n. The :

VOL. THE XVIIra AND

II. Middle Ages, from the Fourth to the
XVIIlTH DYNASTIES. W. M. Fourteenth Century. By W. C.
Third Edition.
F. Petrie. OMAN, M.A., Fellow of All Souls',
VOL. IV. THE EGYPT OF THE Oxford. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 2is.
PTOLEMIES. J. P. Mahaffy. '
The whole art of war in its historic evolu-
VOL. V. ROMAN EGYPT. J. G. tion has never been treated on such an
Milne. ample and comprehensive scale, and we
'
A history written in the spirit of scientific
question if any recent contribution to
the exact history of the world has pos-
precision so worthily represented by Dr. I

sessed more enduring value.' Daily

Petrie and his school cannot but pro- i

mote sound and accurate study, and Chronicle.

supply a vacant place in the English

literature of Egyptology.' Times. S. Baring Gould. THE TRAGEDY
Hinders Petrie. RELIGION AND OF THE CAESARS. With nume-
rous Illustrations from Busts, Gems,
CONSCIENCE IN ANCIENT
EGYPT. By W. M. FLINDERS Cameos, etc. By S. BARING GOULD.
Fourth Edition. Royal 8vo. 15*.
PETRIE, D. C. L. LL. D. ,
Fully Illus-
trated. Crown 8vo. zs. 6d. 'A most splendid and fascinating book on a
'
The lectures will afford a fund of valuable subject of undying interest. The great
feature of the book is the use the author
information for students of ancient
has made of the existing portraits of
ethics.' Manchester Guardian.
the Caesars and the admirable critical
Flinders Petrie. SYRIA AND subtlety he has exhibited in dealing with
EGYPT, FROM THE TELL EL this line of research. It is brilliantly

AMARNA TABLETS. By W. M. written, and the illustrations are sup-

plied on a scale of profuse magnificence.'
FLINDERS PETRIE, D.C.L., LL.D. Daily Chronicle.
Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d.
1
A marvellous record. The addition made F. W. Maitland. CANON LAW IN
to our knowledge is nothing short of
amazing.
'

Times. ENGLAND. By F. W. MAITLAND,

LL.D., Downing Professor of the
Flinders Petrie. EGYPTIAN TALES. Laws of England in the University
Edited by W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE. of Cambridge. Royal 8vo. js. 6d.
Illustrated by TRISTRAM ELLIS. In 'Professor Maitland has put students of
Two Volumes. Cr. 8vo. 3*. 6d. each. English law under a fresh debt. These
1
Invaluable as a picture of life in Palestine essays are landmarks in the study of the
and Egypt.' Daily News. history of Canon Law.' Times.
i6 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

H. de B. Gibbins. INDUSTRY IN A. Clark. THE COLLEGES OF

ENGLAND HISTORICAL OUT-
: OXFORD Their History and their
:

LINES. By H. DE B. GIBBINS, Traditions. Edited by A. CLARK,

Litt.D., M.A. With 5 Maps. Se- M.A., Fellow of Lincoln College.
cond Edition. Demy 8vo. IQS. 6d. 8vo. i2s. 6d.

'A work which will be appealed to for

H. E. Egerton. A HISTORY OF many years as the standard book."
BRITISH COLONIAL POLICY. Athenaum.
By H. E. EGERTON, M,A. Demy
8vo. I2s. 6d. T. M. Taylor. A CONSTITUTIONAL
'
It is a good book, distinguished by accu- AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF
racy in detail, clear arrangement of facts, ROME. By T. M. TAYLOR, M. A.,
and a broad grasp of principles.' Fellow of Gonville and Caius College,
Manchester Guardian. Cambridge. Crown 8vo. <js. 6d.
'
We fully recognise the value of this care-
Albert Sorel. THE EASTERN fully written work, and admire especially
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 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

Edited by J. B. BURY, M.A.

ZACHARIAH OF MITYLENE. LON PARMENTIER and M. BIDEZ.
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i8 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

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 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

F. W. Christian. THE CAROLINE Fraser. ROUND THE WORLD

ISLANDS. By F. W. CHRISTIAN. ON A WHEEL. By JOHN FOSTER
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20 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

W. R Worsfold. SOUTH AFRICA. A. H. Keane. THE BOER STATES :

By W. B. WORSFOLD, M.A. With A History and Description of the

a Map. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s. Transvaal and the Orange Free State.
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Naval and Military

G. S. Robertson. CHITRAL: The and of his final success. The story is of
Story of a Minor Siege. By Sir absorbing interest, and is the only com-
G. S. ROBERTSON, K. C.S.I. With plete account which has appeared.
numerouslllustrations, Map and Plans. The mantle of Archibald Forbes and G.
'

Second Edition. Demy 8vo. los. 6d. W. Steevens has assuredly fallen upon
f
It is difficult to
Mr. Atkins, who unites a singularly
imagine the kind of person
who could read this brilliant book without graphic style to an equa ly rare faculty
emotion. The story remains immortal of vision. In his pages-we realise the
a testimony imperishable. We are face meaning of a modern campaign with the
to face with a great book.' Illustrated greatest sense of actuality. His pages
London News. are written with a sustained charm of
1
A book which the Elizabethans would have diction and ease of manner that are no
less remarkable than the sincerity and
thought wonderful. More thrilling, more
piquant, and more human than any vigour of the matter which they set
novel.' Newcastle Chronicle. before us.' World.
f
'As fascinating as Sir Walter Scott's best Mr. Atkins has a genius for the painting
fiction.' Daily Telegraph. of war which entitles him already to be
ranked with Forbes and Steevens, and
R. S. S. Baden-Powell. THE DOWN- encourages us to hope that he may one
FALL OF PREMPEH. A Diary of day rise to the level of Napier and
Life in Ashanti, 1895.
By Maj.-Gen. Kinglake.' Pall Mall Gazette.
BADEN-POWELL. With 21 Illustra- 'It is the record told wkh insight and
tions and a Map. Cheaper Edition. sympathy of a great conflict. It is as
readable as a novel, and it bears the
Large Crown %vo. 6s. imprint of truth.' Mornitig Leader.
R. S. S. Baden-Powell. THE MATA-
BELE CAMPAIGN, 1896. By Maj.- H. W. Nevinson. LADYSMITH The :

Gen. BADEN- POWELL. With nearly Diary of a Siege. By H. W. NEVIN-

loo Illustrations. SON. With 16 Illustrations and a
Cheaper Edition.
Large Crown 8vo. 6s. Plan. Crown 8vo. 6s.
J. B. Atkins. THE RELIEF OF This book contains a complete diary of the
LADYSMITH. Siege of Ladysmith, and is a most vivid
By JOHN BLACK and picturesque narrative.
ATKINS. With 16 Plans and Illus- '
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6s.
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This book contains a full narrative by an are seen, set forth in well-chosen words
eye-witness of General Buller's attempts, and well-balanced phrases, with a mea-
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE 21

sured self-restraint that marks the true EARLY TIMES TO THE PRESENT DAY.
Mr. Nevinson is to be congratu-
artist.
lated on the excellent work that he has
By DAVID HANNAY. Illustrated.
2 Vols. Demy Bvo. js, 6d. each.
done." Daily Chronicle.
Vol. I., 1200-1688.
1
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We read it from cover to cover at a sitting,
clers of the sad and splendid story, Mr.
and those who go to it for a lively and
Nevinson is among the ablest and most brisk picture of the past, with all its faults
fascinating.' Pall Mall Gazette. and its grandeur, will not be disappointed.
E, H. Alderson. WITH THE The historian is endowed with literary
skill and style.' Standard.
MOUNTED INFANTRY AND
THE MASHONALAND FIELD C. Cooper King. THE STORY OF
FORCE, 1896. By Lieut. -Colonel THE BRITISH ARMY. By Colonel
ALDERSON. With numerous Illus- COOPER KING.
trations and
Illustrated. Demy
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loj. 6d. 'An authoritative and accurate story of
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by Sir G. GOLDIE, K.C.M.G. With Cavendish). By ROBERT SOUTHEY.
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LMaps,
rge Crown 8vo. IQS. 6d. DAVID HANNAY. Second Edition.
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Lord Fincastle. A FRONTIER 'A brave, inspiriting book.' Black and
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ELLIOTT-LOCKHART. With a Map W. Clark Russell. THE LIFE OF
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WOOD. By W. CLARK RUSSELL.
With Illustrations by F. BRANGWYN.
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Bennett. Third Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s.
OF THE DERVISHES: A Sketch 1
A book which we should like to see in the
of theSudan Campaign of 1898. By hands of every boy in the country.'
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BENNETT, Fellow of Hertford
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Narrative and Criticism. By E. L. S.

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trations. Crown 8vo. 6s.
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This book a description of the British and
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22 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

General Literature
S. Baring Gould. THE BOOK OF S. Baring Gould. SONGS OF THE
THE WEST. By S. BARING WEST: Traditional Ballads and
GOULD. With numerous Illustra- Songs of the West of England, with
tions. Two volumes. Vol. Devon.
I. their Melodies. Collected by S.
Vol. II. Cornwall. Crown, 8vo. BARING GOULD, M.A. and H. F. ,

6s. each. SHEPPARD, M.A. In 4 Parts. Parts

I., II. III., 3.?. each.
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little , PartlV., $s.
they have numerous very pretty and In one Vol., French morocco, 15*.
interesting pictures, the story is fresh 1
A rich collection of humour, pathos, grace,
and bracing as the air of Dartmoor, and and poetic fancy.'
the legend weird as twilight over Doz-
Saturday Review.
mare Pool, and they give us a very good S. Baring Gould. YORKSHIRE
idea of this enchanting and beautiful ODDITIES AND STRANGE
district." Guardian. EVENTS. By S. BARING GOULD.
'
A narrative full of picturesque incident,
Fourth Edition. Crown Svo.
1
6s.
personal interest, and literary charm.
Leeds Mercury. S. Baring Gould. STRANGE SUR-
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LIFE. ByS. BARING GOULD. With By S. BARING GOULD. Cr. Svo.
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Svo. Fifth Edition. 6s.
1 '
Old Country Life," as healthy wholesome
S. Baring Gould. THE DESERTS
OF SOUTHERN FRANCE. By
reading, full of breezy life and move- BARING GOULD.
ment, of quaint stories vigorously
full
S. 2 vols. Demy
be excelled by any book to SVO.
told, will not 32S.
be published throughout the year. Cotton Minchin. OLD HARROW
Sound, hearty, and English to the core.'
World.
DAYS. By J. G. COTTON MINCHIN.
Cr. Svo. Second Edition. $s.
S. Baring Gould. AN OLD ENGLISH W. E. Gladstone. THE SPEECHES
HOME. By S. BARING GOULD.
With numerous Plans and Illustra-
OF THE RT. HON. W. E. GLAD-
tions. Crown Svo. 6s. STONE, M.P. Fdited by A. W.
'The chapters are delightfully fresh, very HUTTON, M.A., and H. J. COHEN,
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M.A. With Portraits. Demy Svo.
story. A
delightful fireside companion.
'
Vols. IX. andX., I2S. 6d. each.
St. James's Gazette.
J. E. Marr. THE SCIENTIFIC
S. Baring Gould. HISTORIC STUDY OF SCENERY. By J. E.
ODDITIES AND STRANGE MARR, F.R.S., Fellow of St. John's
EVENTS. By S. BARING GOULD. College, Cambridge. Illustrated.
Fourth Edition. Crown Svo. 6s.
Crown Svo. 6s.
S. Baring Gould. FREAKS OF An elementary treatise on geomorphology
FANATICISM. By S. BARING the study of the earth's outward forms.
GOULD. Third Edition. Cr. Svo. 6s. of physical
It is for the use of students
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S. Baring Gould. A GARLAND OF highly interesting to the general reader.
COUNTRY SONG: English Folk 'A fascinating book, a real fairy tale.'
Songs with their Traditional Melodies. Pall Mall Gazette.
Collected and arranged by S. BARING '
Mr. Marr is distinctly to be congratulated
GOULD and H. F. SHEPPARD. on the general result of his work. He
Demy qfo. 6s. has produced a volume, moderate in size
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE
'

and readable in style, which will be '

Just after the hearts of all enthusiasts.'

acceptable alike to the student of geo- Daily Telegraph.
logy and geography, and to the tourist.'
'
No book is more full and authorative than
A thenceum. this handsome treatise.'
'Can be read with pleasure alike by the Morning Leader.
expert and the general reader."
Manchester Guardian. H. G. Hutchinson. THE GOLFING
PILGRIM. By HORACE G.
M. N. Oxford. A HANDBOOK OF HUTCHINSON. Crown Bvo. 6s.
NURSING. By M. N. OXFORD, of '
Without this book the golfer's library will
Guy's Hospital. Crown 8vo. $s. 6d. be incomplete." Pall Mall Gazette.
This a complete guide to the science and
is
art of nursing, containing copious in- J. Wells. OXFORD AND OXFORD
struction both general and particular. LIFE. By Members of the Uni-
'
The most useful work of the kind that we versity. Edited by J. WELLS, M. A.
have seen. A most valuable and prac-
,

Fellow and Tutor of Wadham College.

tical manual." Manchester Guardian.
Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. $s. 6d.
E. V. Zenker. ANARCHISM. By '
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of Anarchist theory. sessed of a close acquaintance with the
system and life of the University.'
A. Silva White. THE EXPANSION A thenceum.
OF EGYPT: A and His-
Political
C. G. Robertson. VOCES ACADE-
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MICS. By C. GRANT ROBERTSON,
With four Special Maps. Demy 8vo.
M.A., Fellow of All Souls', Oxford.
-net.
'
15*. With a Frontispiece. PottZvo. y.6d.
This best account of
is
emphatically the '
Decidedly clever and amusing.'
Egypt as it is under English control that A theneeum.
has been published for many years."
Spectator,
Rosemary Cotes. DANTE'S GAR-
Teter Beckford. THOUGHTS ON DEN. By ROSEMARY COTES. With
HUNTING. By PETER BECKFORD. a Frontispiece. Second Edition. Fcp.
Edited by J. OTHO PAGET, and 8vo. 2s. 6d. Leather, y. 6d. net.
Illustrated by G. H. JALLAND.
'
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the present edition will go far to make it READERS. By CLIFFORD HARRI-
a favourite with lovers of literature." SON. 6d.
Fcp. 8vo. 2s.
Speaker. 'An extremely sensible little book." Man-
E. B. Michell. THE ART AND chester Guardian.

PRACTICE OF HAWKING. By GREEK OLIGARCH-

L. Whibley.
E. B. MICHELL. With 3 Photo-
gravures by G. E. LODGE, and other
IES:THEIR ORGANISATION
illustrations. Demy 8vo. los. 6d.
AND CHARACTER. By L.
WHIBLEY, M.A., Fellow of Pem-
A complete of the Hawks,
description broke College, Cambridge. Crown
Falcons, and Eagles used in ancient and Svo. 6s.
modern times, with directions for their
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practical guide.
AND PRACTICE. By L. L. PRICE,
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expert.' Scotsman. ford. Crown 8vo. 6s.
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

J. S. Shedlock. THE PIANOFORTE Buddhist Literature for each Day in

SONATA : Its Origin and Develop- the Year. Compiled by E. M.
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BUDDHA :
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Philosophy
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Hobhouse. 1
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 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

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26 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

editions of the "Imitation," there can duction and Notes by W. LOCK,

have been few which were prettier than
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J. Keble. THE CHRISTIAN YEAR. the care and insight to be expected from
By JOHN KEBLE. With an Intro- Mr. Lock.' Guardian.

Commentaries
General Editor, WALTER LOCK, D. D Warden of
., Keble College, Dean
Ireland's Professor of Exegesis in the
University of Oxford.
THE BOOK OF JOB. Edited, with date some of the difficulties presented in
Introduction and Notes, by E. C. S. the Book of Job.' Church Times.
D.D. Vicar of Leeds. Demy
'
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GIBSON, ,
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demand. The Introduction is almost a
(
We can hardly imagine a more useful book model of concise, straightforward, pre-
to place in the hands of an intelligent
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of
General Editor, A. ROBERTSON, D.D.,
Principal of King's College, London.
THE XXXIX. ARTICLES OF THE critical and luminous, at once just and
CHURCH OF ENGLAND. Edited suggestive. A comprehensive and
with an Introduction by E. C. S. thorough book.' Birmingham Post.
GIBSON, D.D., Vicar of Leeds, late
Principal of Wells Theological Col- THE DOCTRINE OF THE INCAR-
lege. Second and Cheaper Edition NATION. By R. L. OTTLEY, M. A. ,

in One Volume. Demy 8vo. i2s. 6d. late fellow of Magdalen College,
'
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,

a new, cheaper, and more convenient In Two Volumes. Demy 8vo. i$s.
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in the hands of every candidate for

j

intense interest in his subject are Mr.

Ottley's merits.' Guardian.
|

orders.' Guardian.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE AN INTRODUCTION TO THE

HISTORY OF THE CREEDS. By
|

HISTORY OF RELIGION. By
F. B. JEVONS, M.A., Litt.D., Prin- A. E. BURN, B.D., Examining Chap-
cipal of Bishop Hatfield's Hall. lain to the
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Demy 8vo. los. 6d.
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the author's judgment. He is at once Spectator.
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE 27

Cburcbman's Xibratg
General Editor, J. H.BURN, B.D., Examining Chaplain to the
Bishop of Aberdeen.
THE BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH THE WORKMANSHIP OF THE
CHRISTIANITY. By W. E. COL- PRAYER BOOK Its Literary and :

LINS, M.A. With Map. Cr. 8vo. Liturgical Aspects. ByJ. DOWDEN,
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SOME NEW TESTAMENT PRO- EVOLUTION. By F. B. JEVONS,

BLEMS. By ARTHUR WRIGHT, Litt.D., Principal of Hatfield Hall,
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Guardian.
Gbe Cburcbman's JBfble
General Editor, J. H. BURN, B.D.
Messrs. METHUEN
are issuing a series of expositions upon most of the books of
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authorised version is explained in sections, which will correspond as far as
possible with the Church Lectionary.
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series which begins so satisfactorily.'
C. BIGG, D.D., late Student of Christ |

Times.
Church. Second Edition.
28 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

THE CHRISTIAN YEAR. By JOHN LYRA INNOCENTIUM. By JOHN

KEBLE. With Introduction and KEBLE. Edited, with Introduction
Notes by WALTER LOCK, D.D., and Notes, by WALTER LOCK, D.D.,
Wardenof Keble College, Ireland Warden of Keble College, Oxford.
Professor at Oxford. Pott 8vo. 2s. ; leather, vs. 6d. net.
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Academy.
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any it has yet taken.' Scotsman.
THE IMITATION OF CHRIST. A 'The analysis and notes are discriminating,
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tion,by C. BIGG, D.D., late Student A SERIOUS CALL TO A DEVOUT
of Christ Church. Second Edition. AND HOLY LIFE. By WILLIAM
A practically new translation of this book, LAW. Edited, with an Introduction,
which the reader has, almost for the first late Student of
in the shape in which it
by C. BIGG, D.D.,
time, exactly Christ Church.
left the hands of the author.
'
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has yet existed in English.' Academy. line, of the Editio Princeps.
THE TEMPLE. By GEORGE HER-
A BOOK OF DEVOTIONS. By J. BERT. Edited, with an Introduction
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Bainton, Canon of York, and some- D.D., Vicar of Leeds.
time Fellow of St. John's College, This edition contains Walton's Life of
Oxford. Herbert, and the text is that of the first
edition.
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It is
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Xeafcers of IRelfgfon
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 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE 29

Fiction
8IX SHILLING NOVELS
Marie Corelli's Novels
Crown 8vo. 6s. each.

A ROMANCE OF TWO WORLDS. provided it be presented in the true spirit

Twentieth. Edition. of Christian faith. The amplifications
of the Scripture narrative are often con-
VENDETTA. Fifteenth Edition. ceived with high poetic insight, and this
"Dream of the m World's Tragedy" is
THELMA. Twenty-second Edition. a lofty and not inadequate paraphrase
ARDATH: THE STORY OF A of the supreme climax of the inspired
narrative.' Dublin Review.
DEAD SELF. Twelfth Edition.
THE SOUL OF LILITH. Ninth THE SORROWS OF SATAN.
Edition. Forty-second Edition.
'
A very powerful piece of work. . . . The
WORMWOOD. Tenth Edition. conceptionis magnificent, and is likely
win
BARABBAS A DREAM OF THE
:
to an abiding place within the
of man. The author has
WORLD'S TRAGEDY. Thirty- memory . . .

immense command of language, and a

fifth Edition. limitless audacity. . . . This interesting
'
The tender reverence of the treatment and remarkable romance will live long
and the imaginative beauty of the writ- after much of the ephemeral literature
ing have reconciled us to the daring of of the day is forgotten. ... A literary
the conception, and the conviction is phenomenon . novel, and even sub-
. .

forced on us that even so exalted a sub- lime.' W. T. STEAD in the Review

ject cannot be made too familiar to us, of Re-views.

Anthony Hope's Novels

Crown 8vo. 6s. each.

THE GOD IN THE CAR. Eighth THE CHRONICLES OF COUNT

Edition. ANTONIO. Fourth Edition.
1
A very remarkable book, deserving of '

critical analysis impossible within our It isa perfectly enchanting story of love
limit ; brilliant, but not superficial ; and chivalry, and pure romance. The
well considered, but not elaborated ; Count is the most constant, desperate,
constructed with the proverbial art that and modest and tender of lovers, a peer-
less gentleman, an intrepid fighter, a
conceals, but yet allows itself to be
faithful friend, and a magnanimous foe.'
enjoyed by readers to whom fine literary
method is a keen pleasure.' The World. Guardian.

A CHANGE OF AIR. Fifth Edition. PHROSO. Illustrated by H. R.

'A graceful, vivacious comedy, true to MILLAR. Fourth Edition.
human nature. The characters are 1
The
1
tale is thoroughly fresh, quirk with
traced with a masterly hand. Times.
vitality, stirring the blood.' St. James's
A MAN OF MARK. Fifth Edition. Gazette.
'Of all Mr. Hope's books, "A Man of 'From cover to cover "Phroso" not only
Mark" is the one which best compares engages the attention, but carries the
with "The Prisoner of Zenda." reader in little whirls of delight from
National Observer. adventure to adventure.' Academy.
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

SIMON DALE. Illustrated. Third 1

In elegance, delicacy, and tact it ranks
Edition. with the best of his novels, while in the
wide range of its portraiture and the
There is searching analysis of human
'

subtilty of its analysis it surpasses all his

nature, with a most ingeniously con-
'

earlier ventures. Spectator.

structed plot. Mr. Hope has drawn the
contrasts of his women with marvellous '"The King's Mirror" is a strong book,
subtlety and delicacy.' Times.
charged with close analysis and exquisite
irony ; a book full of pathos and moral
THE KING'S MIRROR. Third fibre in short, a book to be read.'
Edition. Daily Chronicle.

Gilbert Parker's Novels

Crown Svo. 6s. each.

PIERRE AND HIS PEOPLE. AN ADVENTURER OF THE

Fifth Edition. NORTH The Last Adventures of
:

'

Pretty Pierre.' Second Edition.

'Stories happily conceived and finely ex-
ecuted. There is strength and genius in '
The present book is full of fine and mov-
Mr. Parker's style.' Daily Telegraph. ing stories of the great North, and it
will add to Mr. Parker's already high
MRS. FALCHION. Fourth Edition.
reputation.' Glasgow Herald.
1
A splendid study of character.'
A theneeutn.
THE SEATS OF THE MIGHTY.
THE TRANSLATION OF A Illustrated. Tenth Edition.
SAVAGE. 1
Mr. Parker has produced a really fine
'The plot is original and one difficult to historical novel.' Athetueum.
work out; but Mr. Parker has done it '
A great book.' Black and White.
with great skill and delicacy.*
Daily Chronicle. THE POMP OF THE LAVILET-
THE TRAIL OF THE SWORD. TES. Second Edition. 35. 6d.
Illustrated. Sixth Edition. 1

Living, romance, unforced

breathing
'
A rousing and dramatic tale. A book like pathos, and a deeper knowledge of
this, in which swords flash, great sur- human nature than Mr. Parker has ever
'

prises are undertaken, and daring deeds displayed before. Pall Mall Gazette.
done, in which men and women live and
a joy
love in the old passionate way, is
THE BATTLE OF THE STRONG :

inexpressible.' Daily Chronicle.

a Romance of Two Kingdoms.
WHEN VALMOND CAME TO Illustrated. Fourth Edition.
PONTIAC: The Story of a Lost '

Nothing more vigorous or more human has

Napoleon. Fourth Edition. come from Mr. Gilbert Parker than this
'
Here we find romance real, breathing, novel. It has all the graphic power of
living romance. The character of Val- his last book, with truer feeling for the
mond Pall Mall romance, both of human
'
is drawn unerringly. life and wild
'

Gazette. nature. Literature.

 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

S. Baring Gould's Novels

Crown 8vo. 6s. each.

'To say that a book is by the author of "Mehalah"

is to imply that it contains a
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tions of Nature, and a wealth of ingenious imagery.' Speaker.
1
That whatever Mr. Baring Gould writes is well worth reading, is a conclusion that may
be very generally accepted. His views of life are fresh and vigorous, his language
pointed and characteristic, the incidents of which he makes use are striking and original,
his characters are life-like, and though somewhat exceptional people, are drawn and
coloured with artistic force. Add to this that his descriptions of scenes and scenery are
painted with the loving eyes and skilled hands of a master of his art, that he is always
fresh and never dull, and it is no wonder that readers have gained confidence in his
power of amusing and satisfying them, and that year by year his popularity widens.'
Court Circular.
ARM NELL. I Fourth Edition. NOEMI. Illustrated. Fourth Edition.
URITH. Fifth Edition. THE BROOM-SQUIRE. Illustrated.
IN THE ROAR OF THE SEA. Fourth Edition.
Sixth Edition.
MRS. CURGENVEN OF CURGEN-
THE PENNYCOMEQUICKS.
Third Edition.
VEN. Fourth Edition.
CHEAP JACK ZITA. Fourth Edition.
DARTMOOR IDYLLS.
THE QUEEN OF LOVE. Fourth
GUAVAS THE TINNER. Illus-
trated. Second Edition.
Edition.
MARGERY OF QUETHER. Third BLADYS. Illustrated. Second Edition.
Edition. DOMITIA. Illustrated. Second Edi-
JACQUETTA. Third Edition. tion.
KITTY ALONE. Fifth Edition. PABO THE PRIEST.
Conan Doyle. ROUND THE RED Wages of Sin, etc.
1

Third Edition.
LAMP. By A. CONAN DOYLE. Crown 8vo. 6s.
Sixth Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s.
'
The book is far and away the best view George Gissing. THE TOWN TRA-
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' '
scenes of the consulting-room. 'Illus- Author of Demos,' In the Year of
trated London News. Jubilee,' etc. Second Edition. Cr.
Stanley Weyman. UNDER THE 8vo. 6s.
RED ROBE. By STANLEY WEY- 'It is a bright and witty book above all

MAN, Author of A Gentleman of Polly Sparkes is a splendid bit

'
things.
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France.' With Illustrations by R. C. '
The spirit of Dickens is in it.' Bookman.
WOODVILLE. Fifteenth Edition.
Crown 8vo. 6s. George Gissing. THE CROWN OF
'Every one who reads books at all must LIFE. By GEORGE GISSING, Author
read this thrilling romance, from the of 'Demos, 'The Town Traveller,'
1

first page of which to the last the breath-

An etc. Crown 8vo. 6s.
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tion of manliness and courage.' Daily Mr. Gissing is at his best.' Academy.
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'
A fine novel." Outlook.

Lucas Malet. THE WAGES OF S. R. Crockett. LOCH INVAR. By

SIN. By LUCAS MALET. Thir- S. R. CROCKETT, Author of 'The
teenth Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s. Raiders,' etc. Illustrated. Second
Lucas Malet. THE CARISSIMA. Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s.

By LUCAS MALET, Author of The

'
'Full of gallantry and pathos, of the clash
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

of arms, and brightened by episodes o

humour and
Mrs. Clifford. A FLASH OF
love. CWestminste SUMMER. By Mrs. W. K. CLIF-
. .

Gazette.
FORD, Author of 'Aunt Anne,' etc.
Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s.
S. R. Crockett. THE STANDARD '
The story is a very beautiful one, exquis-
BEARER. By S. R. CROCKETT,
Crown itely told.' Speaker.
8vo. 6s.
'A delightful tale.' Speaker.
'
Mr. Crockett at his test.' Literature. Emily Lawless. HURRISH. By the
Honble. EMILY LAWLESS, Author of
TALES 'Maelcho,'etc. Fifth Edition. Cr.
Arthur Morrison. OF 8vo.
MEAN STREETS. By ARTHUR
6s.

MORRISON. Fifth Edition. Cr. Emily Lawless. MAELCHO : a Six-

8vo. 6s. teenth Century Romance. By the
'Told with consummate art and extra Honble. EMILY LAWLESS. Second
ordinary detail. In the true humanity Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s.
of the book lies its justification, the
permanence of its interest, and its in-
'
A really great book.' Spectator.
dubitable triumph.' A theneeum. One of the most remarkable literary
achievements of this generation. '

Man-
'A great book. The author's method is
chester Guardian.
amazingly effective, and produces a
thrilling sense of reality. The writer
lays upon us a master hand. The book
Emily Lawless. TRAITS AND
is simply appalling and irresistible in CONFIDENCES. By the Honble.
its interest. It is humorous also ; with- EMILY LAWLESS. Crown 8vo. 6s.
out humour it would not make the mark
it is certain to make.' World. Eden Phillpotts. THE HUMAN
BOY. By EDEN PHILLPOTTS, Author
Arthur Morrison. A CHILD OF of 'Children of the Mist.' With a
THE JAGO. By ARTHUR MORRI- Frontispiece. Fourth Edition. Crown
SON. Third Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 8vo. 6s.
'
'
The book is a masterpiece.' Pall Mall Mr. Phillpotts knows exactly what school-
Gazette. boys do, and can lay bare their inmost
'
Told with great vigour and powerful sim- thoughts ; likewise he shows an all-per-
plicity.' A theneeum. vading sense of humour.' Academy.

Arthur Morrison. TO LONDON E. W. Hornung. THE AMATEUR

TOWN. By ARTHUR MORRISON, CRACKSMAN. By E. W. HOR-
Author of Tales of Mean Streets,
' ' NUNG. Crown 8vo. 6s.
etc. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s. 'An audaciously entertaining volume.'
'
We have idyllic pictures, woodland scenes
Spectator.
full of tenderness and grace. . . . This
is the new Mr. Arthur Morrison gracious
Jane Barlow. A CREEL OF IRISH
and tender, sympathetic and human.' STORIES. By JANE BARLOW,
Daily Telegraph. Author of '
Irish Idylls. Second
'

'
The easy swing of detail proclaims the Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s.
master of his subject and the artist in Vivid and singularly real.' Scotsman.
rendering.' Pall Mall Gazette.
Jane Barlow. FROM THE EAST
M. Sutherland. ONE HOUR AND UNTO THE WEST. By JANE
THE NEXT. By THE DUCHESS BARLOW. Crown 8vo. 6s.
OF SUTHERLAND. Third Edition.
Crown 8vo. 6s. ANNE
Mrs. Caffyn. MAULEVERER.
'Passionate, vivid, dramatic.' Literatuie.
'
By Mrs. CAFFYN (Iota), Author of
It possesses marked
qualities, descriptive, The Yellow Aster.' Second Edition.
'

and imaginative.' Morning Post. Crown 8v0. 6s.

 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE 33

Benjamin Swift. SIREN CITY. By '

Author of 'Diana Barrington.'
BENJAMIN SWIFT, Author of Nancy Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s.
Noon.' Crown 8vo. 6s. Mrs. Croker excels in the admirably simple,
'"Siren City" is certainly his best book, easy, and direct flow of her narrative, the
and it is the work of a strong man. It briskness of her dialogue, and the geni-
has sobriety, not only of manner, but of ality of her portraiture.' Spectator.
1

spirit. Academy.
J. H. Findlater, THE GREEN Mary L. Tendered. AN ENGLISH-
GRAVES OF BALGOWRIE. MAN. By MARY L. TENDERED.
By Crown 8vo. 6s.
JANE H. FINDLATER. Fourth
Crown 8vo. 6s.
'
Her book is most healthy in tone, and
Edition. leaves a pleasant taste in the mouth.'
'A powerful and vivid story.' Standard.
Pall Mall Gazette.
'
A beautiful story, sad and strange as truth
itself.' Vanity Fair.
1
A very noble book. It is filled with wisdom
'A very charming and tale.' Pall and sympathy.' Literary World.
pathetic
Mall Gazette. 'At once sound and diverting.' Academy.
1
A singularly original, clever, and beautiful
story.' Guardian. Morley Roberts. THE PLUN-
'
Reveals to us a new writer of undoubted DERERS. By MORLEY ROBERTS,
faculty and reserve force.' Spectator. Author of '
The Colossus,' etc.
'An exquisite idyll, delicate, affecting, and
beautiful.' Black and White.
Crown 8vo. 6s.
'
The author secures and maintains the
J. H. Findlater. A DAUGHTER reader's lively interest in his clever ab-
OF STRIFE. By JANE HELEN surdities.' Pall Mall Gazette.
FINDLATER. Crown 8vo, 6s. 1
The whole atmosphere is one of high spirits
and high comedy.' Globe.
J. H. Findlater. RACHEL. By '
Mr. Roberts writes of real people who do
JANE H. FINDLATER. Second things and know things.' Black and
Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s. White.
A not unworthy successor to " The Green
1

'
Graves of Balgowrie." Critic. NormaLorimer. MIRRY-ANN. By
Mary Findlater. OVER THE NORMA LORIMER, Author of '
'Jo-
Crown 8vo. 6s.
HILLS. By MARY FINDLATER. siah's Wife.
Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. 6s. 'The heroine is rare and striking, but
1
A strong and wise book of deep insight and thorough woman and altogether lovable,
Post. and the plot is brisk and well sustained.'
unflinching truth.' Birmingham
Pall Mall Gazette.
Mary BETTY M US-
Findlater. '
It is a Manx story, and a right able story.
GRAVE. By MARY FINDLATER. The atmosphere is excellent, the descrip-
Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s. tive passages fine, and the story is one
'
Handled with dignity and delicacy. . . .
which will repay perusal.' Glasgow
A most touching story.' Spectator.
Herald.
'
A Manx novel which is at once sincere,
Alfred Ollivant. OWD BOB, THE poetical, and in the best sense true.'
GREY DOG OF KENMUIR. By Academy.
ALFRED OLLIVANT. Third Edition.
Cr. 8vo. 6s. Helen Shipton. THE STRONG GOD
'Weird, thrilling, strikingly graphic.' CIRCUMSTANCE. By HELEN
Punch. SHIPTON. Crown 8vo. 6s.
'We admire this book. one to read
. . . It is
'A story of high merit and many
with admiration and to praise with en- attrac-
'

thusiasm.' Bookman. tions. Scotsman.

'
It is a fine, open-air, blood-stirring book,
'
An up-to-date story and a very beautiful
by every man and woman
to be enjoyed one of self-sacrifice.' Daily Tele'
to whom a dog is dear.' Literature. graph.
4
A most effective story, written with both
B. M. Croker. PEGGY OF THE insight and imagination.
1

Leeds Mer-
BARTONS. By B. M. CROKER, cury,
34 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

Violet Hunt. THE HUMAN IN- DUNCAN, Author of 'A Voyage of

TEREST. By VIOLET HUNT, Consolation.' Illustrated. Second
Author of *A Hard Woman,' etc. Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s.
'
Crown 8vo. 6s. Richness and fullness of local colouring,
(
Clever observation and unfailing wit." brilliancy of style, smiting phrases, and
the display of very pretty humour are
Academy.
'The insight graces which are here in profusion. The
is keen, the irony is deli-
interest never flags.' PallMallGazette.
cate.' World.
C. F. Keary. THE JOURNALIST.
H. G. Wells. THE STOLEN BA- By C. F. KEARY.
Cr. 8vo. 6s.
CILLUS, and other Stories. By
'
indeed to find such poetical sym-
It is rare
H. G. WELLS. Second Edition. pathy with Nature joined to close study
Crown 8vo. 6s. of character and singularly truthful dia-
"
logue : but then "The Journalist is
4
The impressions of a very striking imagina-
altogether a rare book.' AtJienceum.
tion.' Saturday Review.
W.E.Norris. MATTHEW
AUSTIN.
H. G. Wells. THE PLATTNER By W. E. NORRIS, Author of Made-
'

STORY AND OTHERS. By H. G. moiselle de Mersac, etc. Fourth

1

WELLS. Second Edition. Cr. 8vo. Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s.

6s. '
An intellectually satisfactory and morally
'
Weird and mysterious, they seem to hold bracing novel." Daily Telegraph.
the reader as by a magic spell.' Scots- W.E.Norris. HIS GRACE. ByW.E.
man. NORRIS. Third Edition. Cr. Zvo.
Richard Marsh. MARVELS AND 6s.
MYSTERIES. By RICHARD W. E. Norris. THE DESPOTIC
MARSH, Author of 'The Beetle.' LADY AND OTHERS. By W. E.
Crown 8vo. 6s. NORRIS. Crown 8vo. 6s.
'
While under their immediate influence the
W. E. Norris. CLARISSA FURIOSA.
reader is conscious of nothing but thrill-
ing excitement and curiosity.' Glasgow By W. E. NORRIS. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
Herald.
'
As a story it is admirable, as a.jeu d'esprit
' it is capital, as a lay sermon studded
Ingeniously constructed and well told.'
with gems of wit and wisdom it is a
Morning Leader. model. The World.
1

'
Admirably selected and of the very best.'
Christian World. W. E. Norris. GILES INGILBY. By
W. E. NORRIS. Illustrated. Second
Esme" Stuart. CHRISTALLA. By Edition. Crown 8vo. 6s.
ESM& STUART, Crown 8i>o. 6s.
1
Interesting, wholesome, and charmingly
'
The
story happily conceived, and enter-
is written.' Glasgow Herald.
taining throughout.' Scotsman.
'An excellent story, pathetic, and full of
W. E. Norris. AN OCTAVE. By
humour.' A thenamm.
W. E. NORRIS. Second Edition.
'
We wish that we came across more books Crown 8vo. 6s.
like this clever and charming story. 'A very perfect exposition of the self-
restraint,the perfect knowledge of so-
Leeds Mercury.
ciety and its ways, the delicate sense of
Sara Jeannette Duncan. A VOYAGE humour, which are the main charac-
OF CONSOLATION. By SARA teristics of this very accomplished
author.'
Country Life.
JEANNETTE DUNCAN, Author of An
'

American London.'
Girl in Illus- Ernest GlanviUe. THE DESPATCH
trated. Third Edition. Cr. %vo. 6s. RIDER. By ERNEST GLANVILLE, '

'A most delightfully bright book.' Daily Author of The Kloof Bride.
'
Crown
Telegraph. 8vo. 6s.
'The dialogue is full of wit. Globe. A highly interesting story of the present
Boer War by an author who knows the
Sara Jeannette Duncan. THE PATH country well, and has had experience of
OF A STAR. By SARA JEANNETTE Boer campaigning.
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE 35

W. Clark RusseU. MY DANISH J. Maclaren Cobban. THE ANGEL

SWEETHEART. By W. CLARK OF THE COVENANT. By J.
RUSSELL. Illustrated. Fourth MACLAREN COBBAN. Cr. Svo. 6s.
Edition. Crown Svo. 6s.

Robert Barr. IN THE MIDST OF R. N. Stephens. AN ENEMY TO

ALARMS. By ROBERT BARR. THE KING. By R. N. STEPHENS.
Third Edition. Cr. Svo. 6s. Second Edition. Cr. Svo. 6s.
'
A book whichhas abundantly satisfied us '
of movement, and the movement
It is full
'

byits capital humour." Daily Chronicle. is always buoyant. Scotsman.

'Mr. Barr has achieved a triumph.' Pall 1
A stirring story with plenty of movement."
Mall Gazette. Black and White.
Robert Barr. THE MUTABLE
MANY. By ROBERT BARR. Second R. N. Stephens. A GENTLEMAN
Edition. Crown Svo. 6s. PLAYER. By R. N. STEPHENS,
Very much the
1
best novel that Mr. Barr Author of 'An Enemy to the King.'
has yet given us. There is much insight Crown Svo. 6s.
in it, and much excellent humour.'
Daily Chronicle.
1
A bright and spirited romance of adven-
ture, full of movement and changing
Robert Barr. THE COUNTESS action.
'

Scotsman.
TEKLA. By ROBERT BARR. Second
Edition. Crown Svo. 6s. R. Hichens. BYEWAYS. By ROBERT
'Of these medieeval romances, which are HICHENS. Author of Flames, etc.' '

now gaining ground, "The Countess

Tekla"is the very best we have seen. Second Edition. Cr. Svo. 6s.
The story is written in clear English, '
The work is undeniably that of a man of
and a picturesque, moving style.' Pall striking imagination." Daily News.
Mall Gazette.
Andrew Balfour. BY STROKE OF J. S. Fletcher. THE PATHS OF
SWORD. By A. BALFOUR. Illus- THE PRUDENT. By J. S. FLET-
trated. Fourth Edition. Cr. Svo. 6s. CHER. Crown Svo. 6s.
A banquet of good things." Academy.
'
A recital of thrilling interest, told with
'
J. B. Burton. IN THE DAY OF
unflagging vigour. Globe. ADVERSITY. By J. BLOUNDELLE-
*
An unusually excellent example of a semi- BuRTON. Second Edition. Cr. Svo. 6s.
historic romance.' World.
Unusually interesting and full of highly
'

Andrew Balfour. TO ARMS !

By dramatic situations. Guardian.
'

ANDREW BALFOUR. Illustrated.

Second Edition. Crown Svo. 6s. B. Burton. DENOUNCED.
'
The marvellous
3. By
perils through which Allan J. BLOUNDELLE-BURTON. Second
passes are told in powerful and lively Edition. Crown Svo. 6s.
fashion.' Pall Mall Gazette.
VENGEANCE
'
A fine, manly, spirited piece of work.'
Andrew Balfour. IS World.
MINE. By ANDREW BALFOUR,
Author of 'By Stroke of Sword.'
Illustrated. Crown Svo. 6s.
J. B. Burton. THE CLASH OF
A vigorous piece of work, well written, and
ARMS. By J. BLOUNDELLE-BUR-
Glas- TON. Second Edition. Cr. Svo. 6s.
abounding in stirring incidents.'
gow Herald. 'A brave story brave in deed, brave in
J. Maclaren Cobban. THE KING word, brave in thought."
Gazette.
St. James's
OF ANDAMAN: A Saviour of
Society. By J. MACLAREN COBBAN.
Crown Svo. 6s. J. B. Burton. ACROSS THE SALT
'An unquestionably SEAS. By J. BLOUNDELLE-BURTON.
interesting book. It
contains one character, at least, who has Second Edition. Crown Svo. 6s.
in him the root of immortality.' Pall '
The very essence of the true romantic
Mall Gazette. spirit.' Truth.
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

W. C. Scully. THE WHITE HECA- AND SAND. By W. C. SCULLY,

TOMB. By W.
C. SCULLY, Author Author of 'The White Hecatomb.'
'
of Kafir Stories.' Cr. 8vo. 6s. Cr. 8vo. 6s.
'
Reveals a marvellously intimate under- 1
The reader passes at once into the very
standing of the Kaffir mind.' African atmosphere of the African desert the:

Critic. inexpressible space and stillness swallow

him up, and there is no world for him but
W. C. Scully. BETWEEN SUN that immeasurable waste.' Athenaum.

OTHER SIX-SHILLING NOVELS

Crown Svo.

DANIEL WHYTE. By A. J. DAW- GALLIA. By MINNIE MURIEL

SON. DOWIE.
THE CAPSINA. By E. F. BENSON. THE CROOK OF THE BOUGH.
DODO A DETAIL OF THE DAY.
:
By MNIE MURIEL DOWIE.
By E. F. BENSON. A BUSINESS IN GREAT WATERS.
THE VINTAGE. By JULIAN CORBETT.
By E. F. BENSON.
Illustrated by G. P. JACOMB-HOOD. MISS ERIN. By M. E. FRANCIS.
ROSE A CHARLITTE. By MAR- ANANIAS. By the Hon. Mrs. ALAN
SHALL SAUNDERS. BRODRICK.
WILLOWBRAKE. By R. MURRAY CORRAGEEN IN '98. By Mrs.
GILCHRIST. ORPEN.
THINGS THAT HAVE HAP- THE PLUNDER PIT. ByJ. KEIGH-
PENED. By DOROTHEA GERARD. LEY SNOWDEN.
SIR ROBERT'S FORTUNE. By CROSS TRAILS. By VICTOR WAITE.
Mrs. OLIPHANT.
SUCCESSORS TO THE TITLE.
THE TWO MARYS. By Mrs. By Mrs. WALFORD.
OLIPHANT. KIRK HAM'S FIND. By MARY
THE LADY'S WALK. By Mrs. GAUNT.
OLIPHANT. DE ADMAN'S. By MARY GAUNT.
LONE PINE: A ROMANCE OF CAPTAIN
MEXICAN LIFE. By R. B. JACOBUS A ROMANCE :

TOWNSHEND. OF THE ROAD. By L. COPE CORN-

FORD.
WILT THOU HAVE THIS
WOMAN? By J. MACLAREN SONS OF ADVERSITY. By L. COPE
COBBAN. CORNFORD.
A PASSIONATE PILGRIM. By THE KING OF ALBERIA. By
PERCY WHITE. LAURA DAINTREY.
SECRETARY TO BAYNE, M.P. THE DAUGHTER OF ALOUETTE.
By W. PETT RIDGE. By MARY A. OWEN.
ADRIAN ROME. By E. DAWSON CHILDREN OF THIS WORLD.
and A. MOORE. By ELLEN F. PINSENT.

THE BUILDERS. By J. S. AN ELECTRIC SPARK. By G.

FLETCHER. MANVILLE FENN.
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

UNDER SHADOW OF THE THE STONE DRAGON. By

MISSION. By L. S. MCCHESNEY. MURRAY GILCHRIST.

THE SPECULATORS. F.
A VICAR'S WIFE. By EVELYN
By J.
DICKINSON.
BREWER.
ELSA. ByE. M'QUEEN GRAY.
THE SPIRIT OF STORM. By
RONALD Ross. THE SINGER OF MARLY. By I.

HOOPER.
THE QUEENSBERRY CUP. By
THE FALL OF THE SPARROW.
CLIVE P. WOLLEY.
By M. C. BALFOUR.
A HOME IN INVERESK. By T. A SERIOUS COMEDY. By HERBERT
L. PATON.
MORRAH.
MISS ARMSTRONG'S AND THE FAITHFUL CITY. By
OTHER CIRCUMSTANCES. By HERBERT MORRAH.
JOHN DAVIDSON. IN THE GREAT DEEP. By J. A.
DR. CONGALTON'S LEGACY. By BARRY.
HENRY JOHNSTON. THE DANCER.
BIJLI, By JAMES
TIME AND THE WOMAN. By BLYTHE PATTON.
RICHARD PRYCE. JOSIAH'S WIFE. By NORMA
THIS MAN'S DOMINION. the LORIMER.
By
Author of A High Little World.
'
1

THE PHILANTHROPIST. By
LUCY MAYNARD.
DIOGENES OF LONDON. By H.
B. MARRIOTT WATSON. VAUSSORE. By FRANCIS BRUNE.

THREE-AND-SIXPENNY NOVELS
Crown Svo.

DERRICK VAUGHAN, NOVEL- THE SIGN OF THE SPIDER. By

1ST. 42nd thousand. By EDNA BERTRAM MITFORD.
LYALL.
A SON OF THE STATE.
THE MOVING FINGER. By MARY
By W. GAUNT.
PETT RIDGE.
CEASE FIRE! By MACLAREN JACO TRELOAR. By J. H. PEARCE.
COBBAN. Crown
8vo. y. 6d.
J.
THE DANCE OF THE HOURS.
A stirring Story of the Boer War of iSSi, By 'VERA.'
including the Siege of Potchefstrom and
the Defeat of Majuba.
A WOMAN OF FORTY. By ESM
STUART.
Brightly told and drawn with a strong and
'

sure hand.' St. James's Gazette. A CUMBERER OF THE GROUND.

'
A capital novel.
1
Scotsman. By CONSTANCE SMITH.
1
Fact and fiction so deeply woven
are
together that the book reads like a fas-
THE SIN OF ANGELS. By EVELYN
cinating chapter of history.' Pall Mall DICKINSON.
Gazette.
AUT DIABOLUS AUT NIHIL.
THE KLOOF BRIDE. By ERNEST By X. L.
GLANVILLE.
A VENDETTA OF THE DESERT. THE STANDISH
COMING OF CUCULAIN.
By O'GRADY.
By W. C. SCULLY.
SUBJECT TO VANITY. By MAR- THE GODS GIVE MY DONKEY
GARET BENSON. WINGS. By ANGUS EVAN ABBOTT.
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

THE STAR GAZERS. By G. MAN- A CAVALIER'S LADYE. By Mrs.

VILLE FENN, DICKER.
THE POISON OF ASPS. By R. THE PRODIGALS. By Mrs.
ORTON PROWSE. OLIPHANT.
THE QUIET MRS. FLEMING. By THE SUPPLANTER. By P. NEU-
R. PRYCE. MANN.
DISENCHANTMENT. By F.MABEL A MAN WITH BLACK EYE-
ROBINSON. LASHES. H. A. KENNEDY.
THE SQUIRE OF WANDALES. A HANDFULBy OF EXOTICS. By
By A. SHIELD. S. GORDON.
A REVEREND GENTLEMAN. By AN ODD EXPERIMENT. By
J. M. COBBAN. HANNAH LYNCH.
A DEPLORABLE AFFAIR. By TALES OF NORTHUMBRIA. By
W. E. NORRIS. HOWARD PEASE.
HALF-CROWN NOVELS
Crown &z>o.

HOVENDEN, V.C. By F. MABEL IN TENT AND BUNGALOW. By

ROBINSON. the Author of
Idylls.
'
Indian
'

THE PLAN OF CAMPAIGN. By MY STEWARDSHIP. By

F. MABEL ROBINSON. M'QUEEN GRAY.
MR. BUTLER'S WARD. By F. JACK'S FATHER. By W. E.
MABEL ROBINSON. NORRIS.
ELI'S CHILDREN. By G. MAN- A LOST ILLUSION. By LESLIE
VILLE FENN. KEITH.
A DOUBLE KNOT. By G. MAN- THE TRUE HISTORY OF JOSHUA
VILLE FENN. DAVIDSON, Christian and Com-
DISARMED. By M. BETHAM munist. E. LYNN LYNTON.
By
EDWARDS. Eleventh Edition. Post 8vo. is.

Iftcwelist
MESSRS. METHUEN making an interesting experiment which constitutes a
are
fresh departure in publishing. They are issuing under the aoove general title
a Monthly Series of Novels by popular authors at the price of Sixpence. Many
of these Novels have never been published before. Each Number is as long as
The first numbers of THE NOVELIST are as' '

the average Six Shilling Novel.

follows :

I. DEAD MEN TELL NO TALES. VII. THE GAY DECEIVERS.

E.W. HORNUNG. ARTHUR MOORE.
VIII. PRISONERS OF WAR. A.
II. JENNIE BAXTER, JOURNA- BOYSON WEEKES.
LIST. ROBERT BARR.
IX. THEADVENTUREOF PRIN-
III. THE INCA'S TREASURE. CESS SYLVIA. Mrs. C. F.
ERNEST GLANVILLE. WILLIAMSON.
X. VELDT AND LAAGER: Tales
IV. A SON OF THE STATE. W. of the Transvaal. E. S. VALEN-
PETT RIDGE. TINE.
V. FURZE BLOOM. S. BARING XI. THE NIGGER KNIGHTS.
GOULD. F. NORREYS CONNELL.
VI. HUNTER'S CRUISE, C. XII. A MARRIAGE AT SEA. W.
GLEIG. CLARK RUSSELL.
 MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE 39

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TWO LITTLE CHILDREN AND SYD BELTON Or, The Boy who :

CHING. By EDITH E. CUTHELL.

TODDLEBEN'S HERO.
would not go to Sea. By G. MAN-
By M. M. VILLE FENN.
BLAKE.
ONLY A GUARD -ROOM DOG. THE WALLYPUG IN LONDON.
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MONLUC. By the Author
'
of HEPSY GIPSY. By L. T. MEADE.
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Edited byj. E. SYMES, M.A.,
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Crown Svo. Price (with some exceptions} 2s. 6d.
The following volumes are ready :

THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF M.A., Fellow of Oriel College, Oxon.

ENGLAND. By H. DE B. GIBBINS, Third Edition.
Litt.D., M.A., late Scholar of Wad-
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PROBLEMS OF POVERTY : An
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M.A. Fourth Edition.
A HISTORY OF ENGLISH POLITI-
CAL ECONOMY. By L. L. PRICE, VICTORIAN POETS. By A. SHARP.
4o MESSRS. METHUEN'S CATALOGUE

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