LAKSHYA JEE AIR

2026

CHAPTER

INDEFINITE INTEGRATION
 Indefinite Integration
If f & F are function of x such that F'(x) = f(x) then the function F is called a PRIMITIVE OR
ANTIDERIVATIVE OR INTEGRAL of f(x) w.r.t. x and is written symbolically as
d
 f (x) dx = F(x) + C  dx {F(x) + C} = f(x), where C is called the constant of integration.
1. GEOMETRICAL INTERPRETATION OF INDEFINITE INTEGERAL:

 f (x) dx = f(x) + C = y(say), represents a family of curves. The different values of c will correspond to
different members of this family and these members can be obtained by shifting any one of the curves
parallel to itself. This is the geometrical interpretation of
indefinite integral.

 f (x)dx = x + C. For different values

2
Let f(x) = 2x. Then

of C, we get different integrals. But these integrals are very

similar geometrically.
Thus, y = x2 + C, where C is arbitrary constant, represents a
family of integrals. By assigning different values of C, we
get different members of the family. These together
constitute the indefinite integral. In this case, each integral
represents a parabola with its axis along y-axis. If the line
x = a intersects the parabolas y = x2, y = x2 + 1, y = x2 + 2,
y = x2– 1, y = x2– 2 at P0, P1, P2, P–1, P–2 etc., respectively,
dy
then at these points equals 2a. This indicates that the
dx
tangents to the curves at these points are parallel. Thus,

 2xdx = x + C = f (x) + C (say), implies that the tangents to

2

all the curves f(x) + C, C  R, at the points of intersection of

the curves by the line x = a, (a  R), are parallel.

2. STANDARD FORMULAE :
(ax + b)n +1 dx 1
 (ax + b) dx = + C; n  – 1  ax + b = a
n
(i) (ii) n |ax + b| + C
a(n + 1)

ax + b 1 1 a px + q
(iii) e dx = eax + b + C (iv) px + q
 a dx = + C,(a  0)
a p na

1 1
(v)  sin(ax + b)dx = − a cos(ax + b) + C (vi)  cos(ax + b)dx = a sin(ax + b) + C
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1
(vii)  tan(ax + b)dx = a n | sec(ax + b) | + C

1
(viii)  cot(ax + b)dx = a n | sin(ax + b) | + C

1
 sec (ax + b)dx = tan(ax + b) + C
2
(ix)
a
1
 cos ec (ax + b)dx = − cot(ax + b) + C
2
(x)
a
1
(xi)  cosec(ax + b). cot(ax + b)dx = − a cosec(ax + b) + C
1
(xii)  sec(ax + b).tan(ax + b)dx = a sec(ax + b) + C
 x
(xiii)  sec x dx = n | sec x + tan x | + C = n tan  +  + C
4 2
x
(xiv)  cosecx dx = n | cosecx − cot x | + C = n tan
2
+ C = − n | cosec x + cot x | + C

dx x
(xv)  = sin −1 +C
a2 − x2 a

dx 1 −1 x
(xvi)  a 2 + x 2 = a tan a
+C

dx
1 x
(xvii)  = sec−1 + C
x x −a a
2 a 2

dx
(xviii)  = n[x + x 2 + a 2 ] + C
x +a
2 2

dx
(xix)  = n[x + x 2 − a 2 ] + C
x −a
2 2

dx 1 a+x
(xx)  a 2 − x 2 = 2a n
a−x
+C

dx 1 x −a
(xxi)  x 2 − a 2 = 2a n
x+a
+C

x 2 a2 x
(xxii)  a 2 − x 2 dx = a − x 2 + sin −1 + C
2 2 a
x 2 a2
(xxiii)  x 2 + a 2 dx =
2
x + a2 +
2
n(x + x 2 + a 2 ) + C

x 2 a2
(xxiv)  x 2 − a 2 dx =
2
x − a2 −
2
n(x + x 2 − a 2 ) + C

eax eax  b
(xxv)  e .sinbx dx =
ax
(a sin bx – b cosbx) + C = sin  bx − tan −1  + C
a 2 + b2 a +b
2 2  a

eax eax  b
(xxvi)  e .cos bx dx =
ax
(a cosbx + b sin bx) + C = cos  bx − tan −1  + C
a +b
2 2
a +b
2 2  a 

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3. TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION:
(a) Substitution or change of independent variable:
If (x) is a continuous differentiable function, then to evaluate integrals of the form

 f ((x)) '(x) dx, we substitute (x) = t and  '(x)dx = dt.

Hence I =  f ((x)) '(x)dx reduces to  f (t) dt.

(i) Fundamental deductions of method of substitution:

f '(x)
 [f(x)]  [f(x)]n dx put f(x) = t & proceed.
n
f '(x) dx OR

cos3 x
Illustration 1: Evaluate  sin 2 x + sin x dx
(1 − sin 2 x)cos x 1 − sin x
Solution: I =  dx =  cos x dx
sin x(1 + sinx) sin x
Put sinx = t  cosx dx = dt
1− t
I=  dt = n| t | – t + C = n |sin x| – sinx + C
t

(x 2 − 1) dx
Illustration 2: Evaluate   1
(x 4 + 3x 2 + 1) tan −1  x + 
 x
Solution: The given integral can be written as
 1 
 1 − 2  dx
I=  x 
 1
2
 −1  1
 x +  + 1 tan  x + 
 x   x

 1  1 
Let  x +  = t. Differentiating we get 1 − 2  dx = dt
 x  x 
dt
Hence I = 
(t + 1) tan −1 t
2

dt du
Now make one more substitution tan–1t = u. Then = du and I =  = n | u | +C
t +1
2
u
Returning to t, and then to x, we have
 1
I = n | tan–1 t | + C = n tan −1  x +  + C
 x

Do yourself - 1:
x2
(i) Evaluate :  dx
9 + 16x 6
(ii) Evaluate:  cos3 x dx

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(ii) Standard substitutions:

dx
 or a 2 + x 2 dx; put x = a tan or x = a cot
a +x
2 2

dx
 or  a 2 − x 2 dx; put x = a sin or x = a cos
a −x
2 2

dx
 or  x 2 − a 2 dx; put x = a sec or x = a cosec
x −a
2 2

a−x
 a+x
dx; put x = a cos2

x −
 −x
dx or  (x − )( − x) dx; put x =  cos2 + sin2

x −
 x −
dx or  (x − )(x − ) dx; put x =  sec2 –  tan2

dx
 (x − )(x − )
; put x –  = t2 or x –  = t2.

dx
Illustration 3: Evaluate  (x − a)(b − x)
Solution: Put x = acos2 + bsin2, the given integral becomes
2(b− a)sin  cos  d 
I=  1
{(acos 2  + bsin 2  − a) (b− acos 2  − bsin 2 )}2

2(b− a)sin  cos d  b − a  1  x −a 

= =   2d = 2 + C = 2sin   +C Ans.
(b− a)sin  cos  b−a   b−a 

1− x 1
Illustration 4: Evaluate  · dx
1+ x x
Solution: Put x = cos2  dx = – 2sin cos d
1 − cos  1 
 I= · (–2sin cos)d = –  2 tan tan  d
1 + cos  cos 2  2
sin 2 ( / 2) 1 − cos 
= – 4 d = −2 d = – 2n | sec + tan| + 2 + C
cos  cos 
1+ 1− x
=– 2 n + 2cos −1 x + C
x

Do yourself -2:
x −3
(i) Evaluate :  dx
2−x
dx
(ii) Evaluate: 
x x2 + 4

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 du 
(b) Integration by part:  u.v dx = u  vdx −   dx · vdx  dx where u & v are differentiable functions

and are commonly designated as first & second function respectively

Note: While using integration by parts, choose u & v such that
 du 
(i)  vdx & (ii)   dx · vdx  dx are simple to integrate.
This is generally obtained by choosing first function as the function which comes first in the word
ILATE, where; I-Inverse function, L-Logarithmic function, A-Algebraic function, T-Trigonometric
function & E-Exponential function.

Illustration 5: Evaluate :  cos x dx

Solution: Consider I =  cos xdx

1
Let x =t then dx = dt
2 x
i.e. dx = 2 xdt or dx = 2t dt
so I =  cos t.2tdt
Taking t as first function, integrate it by part
  dt  
 I = 2  t  cos tdt −    cos tdt  dt 
  dt  
I = 2  t sin t − 1.sin tdt  = 2[t sin t + cos t] + C

I = 2 [ x sin x + cos x ] + C Ans.

x
Illustration 6: Evaluate :  1 + sin x dx
x x(1 − sinx)
Solution: Let I =  dx =  dx
1 + sin x (1 + sinx) (1 − sinx)
x(1 − sinx) x(1 − sinx)
= dx =  dx =  x sec2 xdx −  x sec x tan xdx
1 − sin x
2
cos 2 x
  dx     dx  
=  x  sec2 xdx −    sec2 xdx  dx  –  x  sec x tanx dx −   dx  sec x tan xdx  dx 
  dx      
=  x tan x −  tan xdx  −  x sec x −  sec xdx 

= [x tan x – n | sec x|] – [x sex x – n|secx + tan x|] + C

(sec x + tan x)
= x(tanx – sec x) + n +C
sec x
− x(1 − sinx)
= + n |1 + sinx | + C Ans.
cos x

Do yourself-3:
(i) Evaluate :  xe x dx (ii) Evaluate:  x 3 sin(x 2 ) dx

Two classic integrands:

e [f(x) + f '(x)]dx = e x .f (x) + C

x
(i)

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2
 1− x 
Illustration 7: Evaluate  e x  2 
dx
1+ x 
2
x  1− x  x (1 − 2 x + x )
2
Solution:   1 + x 2 
e dx =  (1 + x 2 )2 dx
e

 1 2x  ex
=  ex  − 2 2 
dx = +C Ans.
 (1 + x ) (1 + x )  1 + x2
2

 x4 + 2 
Illustration 8: The value of  e x  2 5/2 
dx is equal to-
 (1 + x ) 
e x (x + 1) e x (1 − x + x 2 )
(A) +C (B) +C
(1 + x 2 )3/2 (1 + x 2 )3/2
e x (1 − x)
(C) +C (D) None of these
(1 + x 2 )3/2
 x4 + 2  x 1 1 − 2x 2 
Solution: Let I =  e x   dx =  (1 + x 2 )1/2 (1 + x 2 )5/2 ·dx
e  +
 (1 + x ) 
2 5/2
 
 1 x x 1 − 2x 2 
=  ex  − + +  dx
 (1 + x ) (1 + x 2 )3/2 (1 + x 2 )3/2 (1 + x 2 )5/2 
2 1/2

ex xe x e x {1 + x 2 + x}
= + + C = +C Ans.(D)
(1 + x 2 )1/2 (1 + x 2 )3/2 (1 + x 2 )3/2
Do yourself-4:
 1 
(i) Evaluate :  e x  tan −1 x +  dx (ii) Evaluate:
 1 + x2 
x2
 xe (sinx 2 + cosx 2 ) dx

(ii)  [f(x) + xf '(x)]dx = xf(x) + C

x + sin x
Illustration 9: Evaluate  1 + cos x dx
 
x + sin x  x + sin x   1 2x x x
Solution: I =  dx =    dx =   x sec + tan  dx = x tan + C Ans.
1 + cos x x
 2cos 2   2 2 2 2
 2
Do yourself-5:
(i) Evaluate :  (tan(e x ) + xe x sec2 (e x ))dx (ii) Evaluate:  ( nx + 1) dx

(c) Integration of trigonometric functions:

 sin
m
(i) x cos n xdx
Case-I: When m & n  natural numbers.
* If one of them is odd, then substitute for the term of even power.
* If both are odd, substitute either of the term.
* If both are even, use trigonometric identities to convert integrand into
cosines of multiple angles.
Case-II: m + n is a negative even integer.
* In this case the best substitution is tanx = t.
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Illustration 10: Evaluate  sin 3 x cos5 x dx

Solution: Put cos x = t; – sin x dx = dt.
so that I = –  (1 − t 2 ).t 5 dt

t8 t 6 cos8 x cos6 x
=  (t 7 − t 5 )dt = − +C= − +C
8 6 8 6
Alternate:
Put sin x = t; cos x dx = dt
sin 4 x 2sin 6 x sin 8 x
so that I =  t 3 (1 − t 2 ) 2 dt =  (t 3 − 2 t 5 + t 7 )dt =
− + +C
4 6 8
Note : This problem can also be handled by successive reduction or by trigonometric identities.

Illustration 11: Evaluate  sin 2 x cos 4 xdx

2
 1 − cos 2x  cos 2x + 1 
 sin x cos x dx =  2 
2 4
Solution:  dx
 2 
1
 8 (1 − cos 2 x)(cos 2 x + 2cos 2 x + 1)dx
2
=

1
8
= (cos 2 2 x + 2cos 2 x + 1 − cos3 2 x − 2cos 2 2 x − cos 2 x)dx

1
8
= (− cos3 2 x − cos 2 2 x + cos 2 x + 1)dx

1  cos 6x + 3cos 2x 1 + cos 4x 

=− 
8 

4
+
2
− cos 2x − 1 dx

1  sin 6x 3sin 2x  1 sin 4x sin 2x x
=−  +  − x− + + +C
32  6 2  16 64 16 8
sin 6x sin 4x 1 x
=– − + sin 2x + + C
192 64 64 16

sin x
Illustration 12: Evaluate  cos9/2 x dx
sin1/2 x dx
Solution: Let I =  cos9/2 x dx = sin −1/2 x cos9/2 x
1 9
Here m + n = − = −4 (negative even integer)
2 2
Divide Numerator & Denominator by cos4x.
I =  tan x sec 4 x dx =  tan x (1 + tan 2 x)sec 2 xdx
2 3/2 2 7/2 2 2
=  t (1 + t 2 ) dt (using tan x = t) = t + t + C = tan 3/2 x + tan 7/2 x + C
3 7 3 7

Do yourself-6:
sin 2 x sin xdx
(i) Evaluate :  dx (ii) Evaluate: 
cos 4 x cos5/2 x
(iii) Evaluate :  sin 2 x cos5 x dx

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dx dx dx
(ii)  a + bsin 2 x OR  a + b cos2 x OR  a sin 2 x + bsin x cos x + c cos2 x
Divide Nr & Dr by cos2 x & put tan x = t.
dx
Illustration 13: Evaluate:  2 + sin 2 x
Solution: Divide numerator and denominator by cos2 x
sec2 xdx sec 2 xdx
I=  2sec2 x + tan 2 x =  2 + 3tan 2 x
Let 3 tan x = t  3 sec 2 xdx = dt
1 dt 1 1 t   3 tan x 
So I =  2 + t2 = · tan −1 +C= tan −1  +C Ans.
3 3 2 2 6  2 
dx
Illustration 14: Evaluate :  (2sinx + 3cos x)2
Solution: Divide numerator and denominator by cos2x
sec2 xdx
I= 
(2 tanx + 3) 2
Let 2 tan x + 3 = t,  2sec2xdx = dt
1 dt 1 1
I =  2 =− +C=− +C Ans.
2 t 2t 2(2 tanx + 3)

Do yourself-7:
dx dx
(i) Evaluate :  (ii) Evaluate: 
1 + 4sin 2 x 3sin x + sin x cos x + 1
2

dx dx dx
(iii)  a + bsin x OR  a + b cos x OR  a + bsin x + ccos x
x
Convert sines & cosines into their respective tangents of half the angles & put tan =t
2
2t 1− t2 2dt
In this case sin x = ,cos x = , x = 2 tan −1 t;dx =
1+ t 2
1+ t 2
1+ t2
dx
Illustration 15: Evaluate :  3sin x + 4cos x
x
sec 2 dx
dx dx 2
Solution: I = 
3sin x + 4cos x  
= =
x   x  x x
 2 tan 2  1 − tan 2 
2
4 + 6 tan − 4 tan 2
2 2
3  + 4 
2 x 2 x
1 + tan  1 + tan 
 2  2
x 1 2x
Let tan = t,  sec dx = dt
2 2 2
2dt 1 dt 1 dt
So, I =  =  = 
4 + 6t − 4t 2
2  3  2 25  3  2
1 −  t2 − t  −t − 
 2  16  4 
5  3 x
+t −  1 + 2 tan
1 1 4  4 1 2 +C
= · n +C= n Ans.
2 5 5  3 5 4 − 2 tan x
2  −t − 
4 4  4 2
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Do yourself-8:
dx dx
(i) Evaluate :  (ii) Evaluate: 
3 + sin x 1 + 4sin x + 3cos x

a cos x + bsin x + c
(iv)  p cos x + q sin x + r dx
d
Express Numerator (Nr) = (Dr)+ m (Dr) + n & proceed.
dx

2 + 3cos 
Illustration 16: Evaluate :  sin  + 2cos  + 3 d
Solution: Write the Numerator = (denominator) + m(d.c. of denominator) + n

 2 + 3 cos = (sin + 2cos + 3) + m(cos – 2sin) + n.

Comparing the coefficients of sin, cos and constant terms,
We get 3 + n = 2, 2 + m = 3,  – 2m = 0  = 6/5, m = 3/5 and n = – 8/5

6 3 cos  − 2sin  8 d
Hence I =  d +  d − 
5 5 sin  + 2cos  + 3 5 sin  + 2cos  + 3
6 3 8 d
=  + n | sin  + 2cos  + 3 | − I3 where I3 = 
5 5 5 sin  + 2cos  + 3
 
In I3, put tan = t  sec2 d = 2dt
2 2
dt dt 1  t +1 −1  tan  / 2 + 1 
I3 = 2  = 2 = 2. tan −1   = tan  
t + 2t + 5
2
(t + 1) + 2
2 2
2  2   2 
6 3 8  tan  / 2 + 1 
Hence I = + n | sin  + 2cos  + 3 | − tan −1  +C Ans.
5 5 5  2 

Do yourself-9:
sin x 3sin x + 2cos x
(i) Evaluate :  sin x + cos x dx (ii) Evaluate :  3cos x + 2sin x dx

(d) Integration of rational function:

P(x)
(i) Rational function is defined as the ratio of two polynomials in the form , where P(x) and Q(x)
Q(x)
are polynomials in x and Q(x)  0. If the degree of P(x) is less than the degree of Q(x), then the
rational function is called proper, otherwise, it is called improper. The improper rational function
P(x)
can be reduced to the proper rational functions by long division process. Thus, if is improper,
Q(x)
P(x) P (x) P (x)
then = T(x) + 1 , where T(x) is a polynomial in x and 1 is proper rational function. It is
Q(x) Q(x) Q(x)
always possible to write the integrand as a sum of simpler rational functions by a method called
partial fraction decomposition. After this, the integration can be carried out easily using the already
known methods.

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Form of the partial

S.No Form of the rational function
fraction
px 2 + qx + r A B C
1 + +
(x − a)(x − b)(x − c) x −a x −b x −c

px 2 + qx + r A B C
2 + +
(x − a) 2 (x − b) x − a (x − a) 2
x−b

px 2 + qx + r
A Bx + C
3 (x − a)(x 2 + bx + c) + 2
x − a x + bx + c
where x2 + bx + c cannot be factorised further

x
Illustration 17: Evaluate :  (x − 2)(x + 5) dx
x A B
Solution: = +
(x − 2)(x + 5) x − 2 x + 5
or x = A(x+ 5) + B(x – 2).
by comparing the coefficients, we get
A = 2/7 and B = 5/7 so that
x 2 dx 5 dx 2 5
 (x − 2)(x + 5) dx = 7  x − 2 + 7  x + 5 = 7 n | (x − 2) | +
7
n | (x + 5) | + C Ans.

x4
Illustration 18: Evaluate  (x + 2)(x 2 + 1) dx
x4 3x 2 + 4
Solution: = (x − 2) +
(x + 2)(x 2 + 1) (x + 2)(x 2 + 1)
1 2
− x+
3x 2 + 4 16 5 5
Now, = +
(x + 2)(x 2 + 1) 5(x + 2) x2 +1
1 2
− x+
x4 16 5 5
So, = x−2+ +
(x + 2)(x 2 + 1) 5(x + 2) x2 +1
 1 2
 − x+ 
16
Now,   (x − 2) + + 52 5  dx
 5(x + 2) x +1 
 
x2 2 16 1
= − 2x + tan −1 x + n | x+ 2 | − n(x 2 + 1) + C Ans.
2 5 5 10

Do yourself-10:
3x + 2
(i) Evaluate :  dx
(x + 1) (x + 3)
x2 −1
(ii) Evaluate :  dx
(x + 1)(x + 2)2

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 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

dx dx
(ii)  ax 2 + bx + c ,  ,  ax 2 + bx + c dx
ax + bx + c
2

Express ax2+bx + c in the form of perfect square & then apply the standard results.
px + q px + q
(iii)  ax 2 + bx + c dx,  dx
ax 2 + bx + c
Express px + q =  (differential coefficient of denominator) + m.

dx
Illustration 19: Evaluate  2x 2 + x − 1
dx 1 dx 1 dx
Solution: I =  =  = 
2x + x − 1 2 x 2 + x − 1 2 x 2 + x + 1 − 1 − 1
2

2 2 2 16 16 2
1 dx 1 dx
=  = 
2 (x + 1 / 4) − 9 / 16 2 (x + 1 / 4) 2 − (3 / 4) 2
2

1 1 x +1/ 4 − 3 / 4  dx 1 x −a 
= · log +C using ,  2 = log + C
2 2(3 / 4) x +1/ 4 + 3 / 4  x −a 2
2a x + a 
1 x −1 / 2 1 2x − 1
= log + C = log +C Ans.
3 x +1 3 2(x + 1)

3x + 2
Illustration 20: Evaluate  4x 2 + 4x + 5dx
Solution: Express 3x + 2 = (d.c. of 4x2 + 4x + 5)+ m

or, 3x + 2 = (8x + 4) + m
Comparing the coefficients, we get
8 = 3 and 4 + m = 2 = 3/8 and m = 2 – 4 = 1/2

3 8x + 4 1 dx 3  dx
 I=  dx +  2 = log | 4x 2 + 4x + 5 | + 
8 4x + 4x + 5
2
2 4x + 4x + 5 8 8 x2 + x +
5
4
3 1  1
= log | 4 x 2 + 4 x + 5 | + tan −1  x +  + C Ans.
8 8  2

Do yourself-11:
dx 5x + 4
(i) Evaluate :  (ii) Evaluate:  dx
x + x +1
2
x 2 + 4x + 1

x2 + 1 x2 −1
(iv) Integrals of form  x 4 + Kx 2 + 1 dx OR  x 4 + Kx 2 + 1 dx , where K is any constant.
Divide Nr &Dr by x2& proceed.
Note: Sometimes it is useful to write the integral as a sum of two related integrals, which can be
evaluated by making suitable substitutions e.g.
2x 2 x2 + 1 x2 −1 2 x2 + 1 x2 −1
*  x 4 + 1 dx =  x 4 + 1 dx +  x 4 + 1 dx *
x4 + 1
dx =  x4 + 1
dx −  x4 + 1
dx

These integrals can be called as Algebric Twins.

PHYSICS WALLAH 237
 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

4
Illustration 21: Evaluate :  sin 4 x + cos4 x dx
1 sec4 x
Solution: I = 4 dx = 4  1 + tan 4 x dx
sin 4 x + cos 4 x
(tan 2 x + 1)sec2 x
= 4 dx
(tan 4 x + 1)
Now, put tanx = t  sec2x dx = dt
1+ t2 1 / t2 +1
 I = 4 dt = 4  t 2 + 1 / t 2 dt
1+ t4
 1
Now, put t – 1/t = z  1 + 2  dt = dz
 t 
dz 4 z t −1 / t
 I = 4 = tan −1 + C = 2 2 tan −1 +C
z +2
2
2 2 2
 tan x − 1 / tan x 
= 2 2 tan −1  +C Ans.
 2 
1
Illustration 22: Evaluate :  dx
x + 5x 2 + 1
4

1 2
Solution: I = 
2 x + 5x 2 + 1
4
dx

1 1 + x2 1 1 − x2
2  x 4 + 5x 2 + 1 2  x 4 + 5x 2 + 1
 I= dx + dx

1 1 +1 / x2 1 1 −1 / x2
= 
2 x2 + 5 + 1 / x2
dx − 
2 x2 + 5 +1 / x2
dx {dividing Nr and Dr by x2}

1 (1 + 1 / x 2 ) 1 (1 − 1 / x 2 )dx
2  (x − 1 / x) 2 + 7 2  (x + 1 / x) 2 + 3
= dx −

1 dt 1 du
=  −  2
2 t + ( 7) 2 u + ( 3) 2
2 2

1 1
where t = x – and u = x +
x x
1 1  t  1 1  −1 u 
I = ·  tan −1  − ·  tan +C
2 7 7  2 3 3
1 1  x −1 / x  1  x + 1 / x 
=  tan −1   − tan −1   + C Ans.
2 7  7  3  3 

Do yourself-12 :
x2 + 1 1
(i) Evaluate : 
x4 − x2 + 1
dx (ii) Evaluate :  1 + x 4 dx

(e) Integration of Irrational functions:

dx dx
(i)  & ; put px + q = t2
(ax + b) px + q (ax + b x + c) px + q
2

dx 1 dx 1
(ii)  , put ax + b = ; , put x =
(ax + b) px + qx + r
2 t (ax + b) px + q
2 2 t

PHYSICS WALLAH 238

 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

x+2
Illustration 23: Evaluate  (x 2 + 3x + 3) x +1
·dx

x+2
Solution: Let, I =  (x 2 + 3x + 3) x +1
·dx Put x + 1 = t2 dx = 2tdt

(t − 1) + 2
2
t2 +1 1+1 / t2
I =  ·(2 t)dt = 2 dt = 2  t 2 + 1 + 1 / t 2 dt
{(t 2 − 1)2 + 3(t 2 − 1) + 3} t 2 t4 + t2 +1
1+1 / t2 du  1
= 2 .dt = 2  where u = t − 
(t − 1 / t) + ( 3)
2 2
u + ( 3)
2 2
 t
2  u  2 −1  t − 1 
2
2  x 
tan −1  + = +C= tan −1  +C
   3(x + 1) 
= C tan Ans.
3  3 3  3t  3  
dx
Illustration 24: Evaluate 
(x − 1) x 2 + x + 1
dx 1
Solution: Let, I =  put x – 1 =  dx = – 1/t2dt
(x − 1) x 2 + x + 1 t
−1 / t 2 dt dt
I= = −
2
1  1  3t 2 + 3t + 1
1 / t  + 1 +  + 1 + 1
t  t 
1 dt 1
=–
3
 2
=−
3
log | (t + 1 / 2) + (t + 1 / 2) 2 + 1 / 12 | + C
 1
 t +  + 1 / 12
 2
2
 1 1
12  +  +1
=–
1 
log 
1 1 
+ +  x −1 2  +C Ans.
3  x − 1 2  12

dx
Illustration 25: Evaluate : 
(1 + x ) 1 − x 2
2

dx 1 −1
Solution: Let, I =  Put x = , So that dx = 2 dt
(1 + x ) 1 − x
2 2 t t
−1 / t 2 dt tdt
 I= = −
(1 + 1 / t ) 1 − 1 / t
2
(t + 1) t 2 − 1
2 2

Again let, t2 = u. So that 2t dt = du.

−1 du dx
=  which reduces to the form  where both P and Q are linear so that we put
2 (u + 1) u − 1 P Q
u – 1 = z2 so that du = 2z dz
1 2zdz dz
 I=−  = − 2
2 (z + 1 + 1) z
2 2 (z + 2)
1  z 
I=− tan −1  +C
2  2
1  u −1  1  t2 −1 
I=− tan −1   + C = − tan −1  +C
2  2  2  2 

1  1 − x2 
=– tan −1  +C Ans.
2  2x 


PHYSICS WALLAH 239

 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

Do yourself-13:
x dx
(i) Evaluate : 
(x − 3) x + 1
dx (ii) Evaluate : 
x 2
1 + x2

(f) Manipulating integrands:

dx
(i)  x(x n + 1) , n  N, take xn common & put 1 + x–n = t.
dx
(ii)  x 2 (x n + 1)(n −1)/n , n  N, take xn common & put 1 + x–n = tn
dx
(iii)  x n (1 + x n )1/n , take xn common and put 1 + x–n = tn.

dx
Illustration 26: Evaluate :  x n (1 + x n )1/n
dx dx
Solution: Let I =  =
x (1 + x n )1/n
n
n +1  1 
1/n
x 1 + n 
 x 
1 1
Put 1 + n
= t n , then n +1 dx = − t n −1dt
x x
n −1
t n −1dt t n −1 −1  1  n
I=–  = −  t n −2 dt = − +C= 1 + n  +C Ans.
t n −1 n −1 x 

Do yourself-14 :
dx
(i) Evaluate : 
x(x 2 + 1)

dx
(ii) Evaluate :  x 2 (x 3 + 1)2/3
dx
(iii) Evaluate :  x 3 (x 3 + 1)1/3

Miscellaneous Illustrations:
4
cos xdx
Illustration 27: Evaluate  3
sin 3 x{sin 5 x + cos 5 x}5
cos 4 x cos 4 x cot 4 x cos ec 2 xdx
Solution: I =  3
dx =  3
dx = 
(1 + cot 5 x)3/5
sin 3 x{sin 5 x + cos 5 x}5 sin 6 x{1 + cot 5 x}5
Put 1 + cot5x = t
5cot4x cosec2xdx = – dt
1 dt 1 1
=– 
5 t 3/5
= − t 2/5 + C = − (1 + cot 5 x) 2/5 + C
2 2
Ans.

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dx
Illustration 28:  cos6 x + sin 6 x is equal to-
(A) n|tanx – cotx| + C (B) n|cotx – tanx| + C

(C) tan–1(tanx – cotx) + C (D) tan–1(–2cot2x) + C

dx sec6 x (1 + tan 2 x) 2 sec 2 xdx

Solution: Let I =  cos6 x + sin 6 x  1 + tan 6 x
= dx =  1 + tan 6 x
If tan x = p, then sec2 x dx = dp
 1 
p 2 1 + 2 
(1 + p ) dp (1 + p )
2 2 2
 p  dp
 I= = 4 dp = 
1+ p 6
p − p +1
2
 1 
p 2  p 2 + 2 − 1
 p 

dk  1  1  
= = tan −1 (k) + C  where p − = k, 1 + 2  dp = dk 
k +1
2
 p  p  

 1
= tan −1  p −  + C = tan–1(tan x – cot x) + C = tan–1(–2cot2x) + C Ans. (C,D)
 p

2sin 2x − cos x
Illustration 29: Evaluate :  6 − cos2 x − 4sin x dx
2sin 2x − cos x (4sinx − 1)cosx
Solution: I =  dx =  6 − (1 − sin 2 x) − 4sinx dx
6 − cos 2 x − 4sin x

(4sinx − 1)cosx
=  sin 2 x − 4sin x + 5 dx
Put sinx = t, so that cos x dx = dt.
(4 t − 1)dt
 I= ...(i)
(t 2 − 4 t + 5)

Now, let (4t – 1) = (2t – 4) + 

Comparing coefficients of like powers of t, we get
2 = 4, – 4 +  = – 1 ...(ii)
 = 2,  = 7
2(2 t − 4) + 7
 I= dt {using (i) and (ii)}
t 2 − 4t + 5
2t − 4 dt dt
= 2 dt + 7  2 = 2log | t 2 − 4 t + 5 | + 7  2
t − 4t + 5
2
t − 4t + 5 t − 4t + 4 − 4 + 5
dt
= 2log|t2 – 4t + 5| + 7  = 2log|t2 – 4t + 5| + 7 tan–1(t – 2) + C
(t − 2) + (1)
2 2

= 2log|sin2x – 4sinx + 5| + 7 tan–1(sinx – 2) + C. Ans.

PHYSICS WALLAH 241

 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

3− x  1 
Illustration 30: The value of  .sin −1  3 − x  dx, is equal to-
3+ x  6 

1 
2
   x  x 
(A) −3  cos −1    + 2 9 − x 2 .cos −1   + 2x  + C
4 
  
3  
3 


1 
2
   x  x 
(B) −3  cos −1    + 2 9 − x 2 .sin −1   + 2x  + C
4 
  
3  
3 


1 
2
  −1  x   x 
(C) −3  sin    + 2 9 − x 2 .sin −1   + 2x  + C
4 
  3  3 

(D) None of these
3− x  1 
Solution: Here, I =  ·sin −1  3 − x  dx
3+ x  6 
Put x = 3cos2  dx = – 6sin2d
3 − 3cos 2  1 
= .sin −1  3 − 3cos 2 (−6sin 2)d 
3 + 3cos 2  6 
sin  −1
=  cos  .sin (sin ).(−6sin 2)d  = − 6  .(2sin 2 )d 

 2 
= − 6 (1 − cos 2)d  = − 6  −   cos 2 d  + C
2 
 2  sin 2  sin 2     sin 2 cos 2 
= –6  −   − 1.  d   + C = −3 + 6 
2
+ +C
2  2  2    2 4 

1 
2
  −1  x   x 
= −3  cos    + 2 9 − x 2 .cos −1   + 2x  + C Ans. (A)
4 
  3  3 

 
tan  − x 
4 
Illustration 31: Evaluate :  dx
cos 2 x tan 3 x + tan 2 x + tan x
 
tan  − x 
4  (1 − tan 2 x)dx
Solution: I =  dx = 
cos 2 x tan 3 x + tan 2 x + tanx (1 + tanx)2 cos 2 x tan 3 x + tan 2 x + tan x
 1  2
− 1 −  sec xdx
 tan x 
2
I= 
 1  1
 tan x + 2 +  tan x + 1 +
 tan x  tan x

1  1 
let, y = tan x + 1 +  2y dy =  sec 2 x − .sec 2 x  dx
 
2
tan x tan x
−2ydy dy
 I= = −2
(y + 1).y
2
1 + y2
 1 
= – 2tan–1 y + C = – 2tan–1  tan x + 1 + +C Ans.
 tan x 

PHYSICS WALLAH 242

 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

ANSWERS FOR DO YOURSELF

1  4x 3  1 3
1: (i) tan −1  +C (ii) sin x – sin x + C
36  3  3

1  x2 + 4 − 2 
2: (i) (x − 2)(3 − x) − sin −1 3 − x + C (ii) n +C
2  x 

1
3: (i) xex – ex + C (ii) [− x 2 cosx 2 + sinx 2 ] + C
2
1 x2
4: (i) ex tan–1 x+ C (ii) e sin(x 2 ) + C
2
5: (i) x tan(ex) + C (ii) xnx+ C

1 3 2 3/2
6: (i) tan x + C (ii) tan x + C
3 3
1 3 2 1
(iii) sin x − sin 5 x + sin 7 x + C
3 5 7
1 2  8tan x + 1 
7: (i) tan −1 ( 5 tan x) + C (ii) tan −1  +C
5 15  15 

1  3tan x / 2 + 1  1 6 + tan x / 2 − 2
8: (i) tan −1  +C (ii) n +C
2  2 2  2 6 6 − tan x / 2 + 2
1 1 12 5
9: (i) x − n | sinx + cosx | + C (ii) x− n | 3cosx + 2sinx | + C
2 2 13 13
1 7 3
10: (i) − n | x + 1| + n | x + 3 | + C (ii) n | x+ 2 | + +C
2 2 x+2
2  2x + 1 
11: (i) tan −1  +C (ii) 5 x 2 + 4x + 1 − 6 n (x + 2) + x 2 + 4x + 1  + C
3  3   

 x2 −1  1  −1  x 2 − 1  1 x 2 − 2x + 1 
12: (i) tan −1  +C (ii)  tan  − n 2 
 x  2 2   2x  2 x + 2x + 1 
3 x +1 − 2 1
13: (i) 2 x +1 + n +C (ii) − 1 + x2 + C
2 x +1 + 2 x

1  x2 + 1 
1/3
 1 
14: (i) − n +C (ii) − 1 + 3  +C
2  x2   x 
2/3
1 1 
(iii) − 1 + 3  +C
2 x 

PHYSICS WALLAH 243

 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

EXERCISE # 1

1 − x7
1. x dx equals -
(1 + x ) 7

(A) l n x +
2
7
(
ln 1 + x 7 + C ) (B) l n x −
2
7
( )
ln 1 − x 7 + C

(C) l n x −
2
7
(
ln 1 + x 7 + C ) (D) l n x +
2
7
( )
ln 1 − x 7 + C

3x 4 − 1
2. Primitive of w.r.t.x is −
(x )
2
4
+ x +1

x x x +1 x +1
(A) +C (B) − +C (C) +C (D) − +C
x + x +1
4
x + x +1
4
x + x +1
4
x + x +1
4

cos x − sin x + 1 − x
3. If  dx = ln ( f ( x ) ) + g ( x ) + C where C is the constant of integration and f(x) is
e x + sin x + x
positive, then f(x) + g (x) has the value equal to
(A) ex + sin x + 2x (B) ex + sin x (C) ex – sin x (D) ex + sin x +x

4. Integral of 1 + 2cot x ( cot x + cos ecx ) w.r.t.x is

x x
(A) 2 n cos +C (B) 2 n sin +C
2 2
1 x
(C) n cos + C (D) n sinx - n(cosecx – cot x ) + C
2 2

(
ln x + 1 + x 2 ) dx equals −
5.  x.
1 + x2

(A) (
1 + x 2 ln x + 1 + x 2 − x + C ) (B)
x 2
2
(
.ln x + 1 + x 2 −
x
1 + x2
)
+C

(C)
x 2
2
(
.ln x + 1 + x 2 +
x
1 + x2
+C ) (D) (
1 + x 2 ln x + 1 + x 2 + x + C )

6. Let g(x) be an antiderivative for f ( x ) .Then (

n 1 + (g ( x ))
2
) is an antiderivative for
2f ( x ) g ( x ) 2f ( x ) g ( x ) 2f ( x )
(A) (B) (C) (D) none
1 + (f ( x )) 1 + (g ( x )) 1 + (f ( x ))
2 2 2

1 1 1 
7. A function y = f(x) satisfies f "( x ) = − − 2 sin ( x ) ;f ' ( 2 ) = + and f (1) = 0. The value of f   is
2 
2
x 2

(A) n2 (B) 1 (C) − n2 (D) 1 – n2
2
PHYSICS WALLAH 244
 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

x2
8. Consider f ( x ) = ; g(t) =  f ( t ) dt. If g (1) = 0 then g ( x ) equals −
1 + x3
1  1 + x3  1  1 + x3  1  1 + x3 
(A)
1
3
n 1 + x3 ( ) (B) n
3  2 
 (C) n
2  3 
 (D) n
3  3 


x
e
9.  x
(x + x )dx

(A) 2e x  x − x + 1 + C (B) e x  x − 2 x + 1 + C
   
(C) e x (x + x ) + C (D) e x (x + x + 1) + C

dx
10. 3
( x + 1)
5/2 7/2
x
1/6 −1/6 5/6 5/6
 x +1  x +1  x   x 
(A) −   +C (B) 6   +C (C)   +C (D) −   +C
 x   x   x +1  x +1

2sin 2 x − 1 cos x ( 2sin x + 1)

Let f ( x ) = +  e ( f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) ) dx (where
x
11. then C is the constant of
cos x 1 + sin x
integration)
(A) ex tan x + C (B) ex cot x + C (C) ex cosec2 x + C (D) ex sec2x + C

x 2 (1 − n x )
12.  n4x − x4
dx equals

1  x  1 1  nx −x  1 –1  n x 
(A) n − n
2  nx  4
( )
n 2 x– x 2 + C (B) n  − tan 
4  nx + x  2  x 
+C

1  nx + x  1 –1  n x  1  nx −x  –1  n x  
(C) n  + tan  +C (D)  n  + tan   + C
4  nx −x  2  x  4  nx + x   x 

( 2x + 3) 1
13.  x ( x + 1)( x + 2 )( x + 3) + 1 = C − f ( x ) , where ƒ(x) is of the form of ax2 + bx + c then (a + b + c) equals

(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) none

 x2 − 3 
  x − 1 2  dx is equal to −
x
14. e
( ) 
2
 x +3  x −3  x +1  1 
(A) e x  +C (B) e x  +C (C) e x  +C (D) e x   +C
 x −1   x −1   x −1   x −1 
(where ‘C” is integration constant)

x3
15.  dx is equal to −
( )
3
2x 2 + 1
−2 −2 −2 2
1 1  1 1  1 1  1 1 
(A) 2+ 2  + C (B) −  2 + 2  + C (C)  2 + 2  + C (D)  2 + 2  + C
4 x  4 x  2  x  4  x 
(where ‘C’ is integration constant)
PHYSICS WALLAH 245
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EXERCISE # 2

( x + 1 x2 − x)( ) dx
1.  x x +x+ x
2. A function g defined for all positive real numbers, satisfies g'(x2) = x3 for all x > 0 and g(1) =1. Compute
g(4).

 x 
 sin  sin ( x −  ) + sin  −    dx
2
3.
2 

x2 + 3
4.  x6 dx
(x 2
+1 )
dx
5.  x x x
cot .cot .cot
2 3 6

cosecx − cot x sec x

6.  .
cosecx + cot x 1 + 2sec x
dx

 1+ x 
ln  ln  
  1 − x   dx
7.  1 − x2
 x  x  e  x 
8.   e  +  x   n xdx
 

x 5 + 3x 4 − x 3 + 8x 2 − x + 8
9.  x2 + 1
dx

( x + 1 dx )
10.  x ( 3
x +1 )
−1 x
11.  sin a+x
dx

x nx
12.  .dx
( )
3/2
x −1
2

 x 2 + 1  n x 2 + 1 − 2 nx  
   dx( )
13.   x4 
 

tan 2
14.  d
cos6  + sin 6 

3x 2 + 1
15.  dx
( )
3
x2 −1

PHYSICS WALLAH 246

 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

( ax 2
− b dx )
16. 
( )
2
x c 2 x 2 − ax 2 + b

(e x
− e− x
) cos  e x
+ e− x
+

+ e
4
( x
+ e− x
) cos  e x
− e− x
+


4
17.  x
dx

x2 + x
18.  dx
(e )
2
x
+ x +1

(
ecos x x sin 3 x + cos x ) dx
19.  sin x 2

5x 4 + 4x 5
20.  dx
(x )
2
5
+ x +1

−11/3
21.  (sin x) (cos x) −1/3 dx

dx
22.  sin x + sec x

4x 5 − 7x 4 + 8x 3 − 2x 2 + 4x − 7
23.  dx
( )
2
x2 x2 + 1

f '(x)g ( x ) − g ' ( x ) f ( x )  f (x) − g(x) 

24. Let  dx = m tan −1   + C.
(f ( x ) + g ( x )) f ( x ) g ( x ) − g2 ( x )  ng ( x ) 
 

Where m, n N and ‘C’ is constant of integration (g(x) > 0). Find the value of (m2 + n2).

1 − ( cot x )
2008
1
25. If the value  tan x + dx = l n | sin k x + cos k x | + C, then find k.
( cot x )
2009
k

dx
26. 
( x −  ) ( x −  )( x −  )
1 − 7cos 2 x g(x)
27. Suppose  7 2
dx = 7 + C, where C is arbitrary constant of integration. Then find the value of
sin x cos x sin x


g' (0) + g"  
4

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EXERCISE # 3 (JM)

dx
1.  cos x + 3 sin x
equals − [AIEEE-2007]

1 x   1 x  
(1) logtan  +  + C (2) logtan  −  + C
2  2 12  2  2 12 
x   x  
(3) logtan  +  + C (4) logtan  −  + C
 2 12   2 12 

sin x dx
2. The value of 2 is − [AIEEE-2008]
 
sin  x − 
 4

   
(1) x + log cos  x −  + c (2) x − log sin  x −  + c
 4  4

   
(3) x + log sin  x −  + c (4) x − log cos  x −  + c
 4  4

5 tanx
3. If the integral  tan x − 2 dx = x + a n sin x − 2cos x + k then a is equal to : [AIEEE-2012]

(1) 2 (2) –1 (3) –2 (4) 1

4. ( )
If  f (x)dx =  ( x ) , then  x 5f x 3 dx is equal to: [JEE-MAIN-2013]

(1)
1 3
3
( )
x  x 3 −  x 2  x 3 dx  + C
 ( )
(2)
1 3
3
( )
x  x 3 − 3 x 3  x 3 dx + C ( )
(3)
1 3
3
( )
x  x 3 −  x 2  x 3 dx + C ( )
(4)
1 3
3  ( )
x  x 3 −  x 3  x 3 dx  + C
 ( )

1
 1  x+
5. The integral  1 + x −  e x dx is equal to [JEE-MAIN-2014]
 x
1 1 1 1
x+ x+ x+ x+
(1) ( x − 1) e x +c (2) xe x +c (3) ( x + 1) e x +c (4) − xe x +c

dx
6. The integral  3
equals: [JEE-MAIN-2015]
x 2
(x 4
)
+1 4

1 1
1
 x4 + 1 4  x4 + 1 4 1

(
(1) − x 4 + 1 ) 4 +c (2) −  4  + c (3)  4  + c (
(4) x 4 + 1 ) 4 +c
 x   x 

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 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

2x12 + 5x 9
7. The integral  dx equals to [JEE-MAIN-2016]
( )
3
x5 + x3 + 1

− x10 −x5
(1) +C (2) +C
( ) (x )
2 2
2 x5 + x3 + 1 5
+ x3 + 1

x10 x5
(3) +C (4) +C
( ) ( )
2 2
2 x5 + x3 + 1 2 x5 + x3 + 1
(Where C is an arbitrary constant)

8. Let I n =  tan n x dx, ( n  1) . I 4 + I6 = a tan 5 x + bx 5 + C, where C is a constant of integration, then the

ordered pair (a,b) is equal to :- [JEE-MAIN-2017]
1 1 1 1
(1) ,0 (2) ,1 (3) ,0 (4) , −1
5 5 5 5

sin 2 x cos 2 x
9. The integral  dx is equal to:
( sin )
2
5
x + cos3 x sin 2 x + sin 3 x cos 2 x + cos5 x

−1 1 −1 1
(1) +C (2) +C (3) + C (4) +C
1 + cot 3 x (
3 1 + tan x3
) (
3 1 + tan x 3
) 1 + cot 3 x
(Where C is an constant of integration) [JEE-MAIN-2018]

10. For x2  n + 1, n  N (the set of natural numbers), the integral [JEE-MAIN-2019]

2sin(x 2 − 1) − sin 2(x 2 − 1)
x 2sin(x 2 − 1) + sin 2(x 2 − 1)
dx is equal to : (where c is a constant of integration)

 x2 −1  1 2 2
(1) log e sec   +c (2) log e sec (x − 1) + c
 2  2

1  x2 −1  1
(3) log e sec2   +c (4) log e | sec(x 2 − 1) | +c
2  2  2

5x 8 + 7x 6
11. If ƒ ( x ) =  dx, (x  0), and ƒ(0) = 0, then the value of ƒ(1) is ; [JEE-MAIN-2019]
(x )
2
2
+ 1 + 2x 7

1 1 1 1
(1) (2) – (3) – (4)
4 4 2 2

1
(sin n  − sin ) n cos 
12. Let n  2 be a natural number and 0 <  < /2. Then  d is equal to :
sin n +1 
(where C is a constant of integration) [JEE-MAIN-2019]
n +1 n +1
n  1  n n  1  n
(1) 1 + n −1  +C (2) 1 − n +1  +C
n − 1  sin  
2
n − 1  sin  
2

n +1 n +1
n  1  n n  1  n
(3) 1 − n −1  +C (4) 1 − n −1  +C
n − 1  sin  
2
n + 1  sin  
2

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 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

3 1 −4x3
13. If  x 5e−4x dx = e f(x) + C, where C is a constant of integration, then f(x) is equal to:
48
[JEE-MAIN-2019]
(1) –4x3 – 1 (2) – 2x – 1
3
(3) –2x + 1
3 3
(4) 4x + 1

1 − x2
( )
m

 x4 − + C , for a suitable chosen integer m and a function A(x), where C is a

2
14. If dx = A(x) 1 x

constant of integration, then (A(x))m equals : [JEE-MAIN-2019]

−1 1 −1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3x 3 27x 6 27x 9 9x 4

x +1
15. If  2x − 1
dx = f (x) 2x − 1 + C, where C is a constant of integration, then f(x) is equal to:

[JEE-MAIN-2019]
1 2 1 2
(1) (x + 4) (2) (x + 2) (3) (x + 1) (4) (x − 4)
3 3 3 3

16. The integral  cos ( log e x ) dx is equal to :

(where C is a constant of integration) [JEE-MAIN-2019]
x
(1) cos ( log e x ) + sin ( log e x )  + C (2) x cos ( log e x ) + sin ( log e x )  + C
2
x
(3) sin ( log e x ) − cos ( log e x )  + C (4) x cos ( log e x ) − sin ( log e x )  + C
2

3x13 + 2x11
17. The integral  (2 x 4 + 3x 2 + 1)4 dx is equal to: (where C is a constant of integration) [JEE-MAIN-2019]
x4 x12
(1) +C (2) +C
(2 x 4 + 3x 2 + 1)3 (2 x 4 + 3x 2 + 1)3
x4 x12
(3) +C (4) +C
6(2 x 4 + 3x 2 + 1)3 6(2x 4 + 3x 2 + 1)3

5x
sin
2
18.  x dx is equal to: (where c is a constant of integration) [JEE-MAIN-2019]
sin
2
(1) 2x + sinx + 2sin2x + c (2) x + 2 sinx + 2 sin 2x + c
(3) x + 2 sinx + sin2x + c (4) 2x + sinx + sin2x + c

1
dx
 x 3 (1 + x 6 )2/3 = xƒ(x)(1 + x ) 3 + C where C is a constant of integration, then the function ƒ(x) is equal
6
19. If

to: [JEE-MAIN-2019]
1 1 3 1
(1) − (2) − (3) (4) −
2x 2 2x 3 x2 6x 3

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 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

20. The integral  sec 2/3 x cosec 4/3 x dx is equal to:

Here C is a constant of integration. [JEE-MAIN-2019]
3
(1) − tan–4/3 x + C (2) 3 tan–1/3 x + C (3) –3 tan–1/3 x + c (4) –3 cot–1/3 x + C
4

21. If  esec x (secx tanx f (x) + (secx tanx + sec2 x)) dx = esecx f(x) + C, then a possible choice of f(x) is
[JEE-MAIN-2019]
1 1
(1) sec x – tan x – (2) x sec x + tan x +
2 2
1 1
(3) sec x + x tan x – (4) sec x + tan x +
2 2

dx   x –1 f (x) 
22. If  (x 2 – 2x + 10)2 = A  tan –1 

+ 2  + C , where C is constant of integration, then:
 3  x – 2x + 10 
[JEE-MAIN-2019]
1 1
(1) A = and f(x) = 3 (x – 1) (2) A = and f(x) = 3(x – 1)
54 81
1 1
(3) A = and f(x) = 9 (x – 1)2 (4) A = and f(x) = 9 (x – 1)
54 27

2 2
23. If  x 5e – x dx = g(x)e − x + c , where c is a constant of integration, then g(–1) is equal to :
[JEE-MAIN-2019]
5 1
(1) 1 (2) − (3) − (4) –1
2 2

2x 3 – 1
24. The integral  x 4 + x dx is equal to: (Here C is constant of integration) [JEE-MAIN-2019]

x3 + 1 1 (x 3 + 1)2 | x 3 + 1| 1 | x 3 + 1|
(1) log e +C (2) log e + C (3) log e +C (4) log e +C
x 2 | x3 | x2 2 x2

tan x + tan 
25. Let   (0, /2) be fixed. If the integral  tan x − tan  dx =
A(x) cos2 + B(x) sin2 + C, where C is a constant of integration, then the functions A(x) and B(x) are
respectively : [JEE-MAIN-2019]
(1) x +  and loge |sin(x – )| (2) x +  and loge |sin(x + )|
(3) x –  and loge |sin(x – )| (4) x –  and loge |cos(x –)|

tan x + tan 
26. Let   (0, /2) be fixed. If the integral  tan x − tan  dx = A(x) cos2 + B(x) sin2 + C, where C is a

constant of integration, then the functions A(x) and B(x) are respectively: [JEE-MAIN-2019]
(1) x –  and loge|cos(x – ) (2) x +  and loge|sin(x – )
(3) x –  and loge|sin(x – ) (4) x +  and loge|sin(x + )

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3 1 −4x3
27. If  x 5e−4x dx = e f (x) + C , is a constant of integration, then f(x) is equal to: [JEE-MAIN-2019]
48
(1) –2x3 – 1 (2) –4x3 – 1 (3) –2x3 + 1 (4) 4x3 + 1

28. e
sec x
(sec x tan x f (x) + (sec x tan x + sec x )) dx = e 2 sec x
f(x) + C, then a possible choice of f(x) is:
[JEE-MAIN-2019]
1 1 1 1
(1) sec x − tan x − (2) x sec x + tan x + (3) sec x + x tan x − (4) sec x + tan x +
2 2 2 2

2
29. If  x 5e− x dx = g(x)e − x 2 + c , where c is a constant of integration, then g(–1) is equal to:
[JEE-MAIN-2019]
5 1
(1) − (2) 1 (3) − (4) –1
2 2

dx   x −1  f (x) 
30. If  = A  tan −1  + 2  + C where C is a constant of integration, then:
(x )  3  x − 2x + 10 
2
2
− 2x + 10 

[JEE-MAIN-2019]
1 1
(1) A = and f(x) = 9(x – 1) (2) A = and f(x) = 3(x – 1)
27 81
1 1
(3) A = and f(x) = 9(x – 1)2 (4) A = and f(x) = 3(x – 1)
54 54

 x 
31. If  sin −1 
1 + x
 dx = A(x) tan
−1
( x ) + B(x) + C , where C is a constant of integration, then the ordered
 
pair (A(x), B(x)) can be [JEE-MAIN-2020]
(1) ( x + 1, − x ) (2) ( x + 1, x ) (3) ( x − 1, − x ) (4) ( x − 1, x )

 (e )
x
+ e− x ) x
+ e− x )
32. If 2x
+ 2e x − e − x − 1 e(e dx = g(x)e(e + c , where c is a constant of integration, then g(0) is
equal to: [JEE-MAIN-2020]
(1) e2 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) e

cos B ( )
33. If  5 + 7sin − 2cos2 d = A loge B (  ) + C , where C is a constant of integration, then A
can be:

[JEE-MAIN-2020]
2sin + 1 2sin  + 1 5 ( 2sin  + 1) 5 ( sin + 3)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
5 ( sin + 3) sin  + 3 sin  + 3 2sin + 1

2
 x 
34. The integral    dx is equal to (where C is a constant of integration): [JEE-MAIN-2020]
 x sinx + cos x 
x sec x x tan x
(1) tan x − +C (2) sec x − +C
x sin x + cos x x sin x + cos x
x sec x x tan x
(3) tan x + +C (4) sec x + +C
x sin x + cos x x sin x + cos x

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 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

d
35. If  cos2 ( tan 2 + sec 2 ) =  tan  + 2log e f (  ) + C where C is a constant of integration, then the

ordered pair (, f()) is equal to: [JEE-MAIN-2020]

(1) (1, 1 + tan) (2) (–1, 1 – tan) (3) (–1, 1 + tan) (4) (1, 1 – tan)


( )
cos x 1/ 
36. If  dx = f (x) 1 + sin 6 x + c , where c is a constant of integration, then f   is
( ) 3
2/3
sin 3 x 1 + sin 6 x
equal to [JEE-MAIN-2020]
−9 9
(1) 2 (2) (3) (4) –2
8 8

x
37. Let f ( x ) =  dx ( x  0 ) . Then f(3) – f(1) is equal to: [JEE-MAIN-2020]
(1 + x)2
 1 3  1 3  1 3  1 3
(1) + − (2) − + + (3) − + + (4) + −
12 2 4 6 2 4 12 2 4 6 2 4

dx
38. The integral  (x + 4)8/7 (x − 3)6/7 is equal to:

(where C is a constant of integration) [JEE-MAIN-2020]

1/7 −13/7
 x −3 1  x −3
(1)   +C (2) −   +C
 x+4 13  x + 4 
3/7 −1/7
1 x −3  x −3
(3)   +C (4) −   +C
2 x + 4  x+4

1 x dx
39. The value of the integer 0 (1 + x )(1 + 3x )( 3 + x ) [JEE-MAIN-2021]

 3  3
(1) 1 −  (2) 1 − 
4 6  8 2 

 3  3
(3) 1 −  (4) 1 − 
4 2  8 6 

cos x − sin x  sin x + cos x 

40. If  8 − sin 2x
dx = asin −1 
 b
 + c , where c is a constant of integration, then the ordered pair

(a, b) is equal to : [JEE-MAIN-2021]
(1) ( −1,3) (2) (3,1) (3) (1, −3) (4) (1,3)

e3loge 2x + 5e2loge 2x
41. The integral  e4loge x + 5e3loge x − 7e2loge x dx, x  0 , is equal to:
(where c is a constant of integration) [JEE-MAIN-2021]
(1) log e x 2 + 5x − 7 + c (2) 4log e x 2 + 5x − 7 + c

1
(3) log e x 2 + 5x − 7 + c (4) log e x 2 + 5x − 7 + c
4
PHYSICS WALLAH 253
 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

42. The value of the integral 

(
sin  sin2 sin 6  + sin 4  + sin 2 ) 2sin 4 + 3sin 2 + 6
d is:
1 − cos2
(where c is a constant of integration) [JEE-MAIN-2021]
3
1
(1) 11 − 18sin 2  + 9sin 4 − 2sin 6 2 + c
18  
3
1
(2) 9 − 2cos6  − 3cos 4  − 6cos 2  2 + c
18  
3
1
(3) 9 − 2sin 6  − 3sin 4  − 6sin 2  2 + c
18  
3
1
(4) 11 − 18cos 2  + 9cos 4  − 2cos6  2 + c
18  

(2x − 1)cos (2x − 1) 2 + 5

43. The integral  dx is equal to (where c is a constant of integration)
4x 2 − 4x + 6
[JEE-MAIN-2021]
1 1
(1) sin (2x − 1) 2 + 5 + c (2) cos (2x + 1) 2 + 5 + c
2 2
1 1
(3) cos (2x − 1) 2 + 5 + c (4) sin (2x + 1) 2 + 5 + c
2 2

1
44. The integral 4 dx is equal to : (where C is a constant of integration) [JEE-MAIN-2021]
(x − 1)3 (x + 2)5
1 5 1 5
3  x + 2 4 3  x + 2 4 4  x −1 4 4  x −1 4
(1)   +C (2)   +C (3)   +C (4)   +C
4  x −1  4  x −1  3 x + 2 3 x + 2

 x2 + 1 
(x )
− 1 + tan −1 
2

 x  dx =  log  tan −1  x + 1  
2
45. For real numbers , ,  and , if  
e  
x  
−1  x + 1 
( )
2
x + 3x + 1 tan 
4 2  

 x 

+ tan −1  (
  x2 −1  )
 2 
 +  tan −1  x + 1  + C [JEE-MAIN-2021]
 x   x 
 
where C is an arbitrary constant, then the value of 10( +  + ) is equal to____________.

5x 8 + 7x 6 1
46. If f (x) =  dx,(x  0),f (0) = 0 and f (1) = , then the value of K is [JEE-MAIN-2021]
(x 2
+ 1 + 2x 7 2
) K

sin x −1  2 tan x − 1 
47. If  sin 3 x + cos3 x dx =  loge |1 + tan x | + log e 1 − tan x + tan
2
x +  tan  +C
 3 

when C is constant of integration, then the value of 18  +  +  2 is_____. ( ) [JEE-MAIN-2021]

PHYSICS WALLAH 254

 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

2e x + 3e− x
48. If 
4e + 7e
x −x
dx =
1
14
ux + vlog e 4e x + 7e − x( ( )) + C where C is a constant of integration, then u +  is

equal to [JEE-MAIN-2021]

dx  2x + 1   2x + 1 
49. If  = a tan −1   + b 2  + C, x  0 where C is the constant of integration, then
(x )  x + x +1
2
2
+ x +1  3 

the value of 9 ( )
3a + b is equal to. [JEE-MAIN-2021]

 1
0 ( sin )
 2
x e −sin x dx =  −
e 0
50. If 3
te t dt then  +  is equal to [JEE-MAIN-2021]

x 1
51. Let In (x) = dt , n = 1, 2, 3,….Then [JEE-MAIN-2022]
(t )
0 n
2
+5

(1) 50I6 − 9I5 = xI5' (2) 50I6 − 11I5 = xI5' (3) 50I6 − 9I5 = I5 (4) 50I6 − 11I5 = I5'

1 1− x 1
52. If x 1+ x
dx = g(x) + c,g(1) = 0 , then g   is equal to :
2
[JEE-MAIN-2022]

 3 −1    3 +1 
 3 + 1  + 3  3 − 1  + 3
(1) log e  (2) log e 
   
 3 +1  1  3 −1  
(3) log e   − (4) log e   −
 3 −1  3 2  3 +1 6

(x 2
)
+ 1 ex d 3f
53.  (x + 1) 2
dx = f (x)e x + C , Where C is a constant, then
dx 3
at x = 1 is equal to: [JEE-MAIN-2022]

3 3 3 3
(1) − (2) (3) − (4)
4 4 2 2
 1 
1 −  (cos x − sin x)
54. The integral   3
dx is equal to [JEE-MAIN-2022]
 2 
 1 + sin 2x 
 3 
x    x 
tan  +  tan  + 
(1)
1
log e  2 12  + C (2)
1
log e  2 6 +C
2  x  2  x 
 +   + 
2 6 2 3

 x  x  
tan  +  tan  − 
(3) log e  2 6 +C (4)
1
log e  2 12  + C
x   2  x 
tan  +  tan  − 
 2 12  2 6

PHYSICS WALLAH 255

 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

sec2 x − 2022 

55. For I(x) =  dx , if I   = 21011 , then [JEE-MAIN-2022]
sin 2022 x 4
   
(1) 31010 I   − I   = 0 (2) 31010 I   − I   = 0
3 6 6 3
       
(3) 31011 I   − I   = 0 (4) 31011 I   − I   = 0
3 6 6 3

2x 1
56. Let f (x) =  dx . If f (3) = ( log e 5 − log e 6 ) , then f (4) is equal to [JEE-MAIN-2023]
(x 2
)(
+1 x + 3 2
) 2

1
(1) ( loge 19 − loge 17 ) (2) log e 17 − log e 18
2
1
(3) log e 19 − log e 20 (4) ( loge 17 − loge 19 )
2

  x 2x  e 2x  1x

x
1 e 
x
57. For      N, if     +    log e xdx =   −   + C
 e   x    e  x


1
Where e =  and C is constant of integration, then  + 2 + 3 – 4 is equal to:
n = 0 n!

[JEE-MAIN-2023]
(1) 1 (2) – 4 (3) –8 (4) 4

  x x  2 x 
58. The integral     +    log 2 xdx is equal to [JEE-MAIN-2023]
 2   x  
 
x x x x
x 2 x 2
(1)   +   + C (2)   −   + C
2 x 2 x
x x
x x x 2
(3)   log 2   + C (4)   log 2   + C
2 2 2 x

Let I(x) = 
(
x 2 x sec2 x + tan x ) dx If I(0) = 0 then I    is equal to
59.   [JEE-MAIN-2023]
(x tan x + 1) 2
4
( + 4) 2 2 ( + 4) 2 2
(1) log e − (2) log e +
16 4 (  + 4) 16 4 (  + 4)
( + 4) 2 2 ( + 4) 2 2
(3) log e − (4) log e +
32 4 (  + 4) 32 4 (  + 4)

( x + 1)
60. Let I(x) =  dx, x  0 . If lim I(x) = 0 then I(1) is equal to [JEE-MAIN-2023]
(
x 1 + xe x 2
) x →

e+2 e +1
(1) − log e ( e + 1) (2) + log e ( e + 1)
e +1 e+2
e +1 e+2
(3) − log e ( e + 1) (4) + log e ( e + 1)
e+2 e +1
PHYSICS WALLAH 256
 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION


( cos x sin2x − sin x ) dx
2
61. If I(x) =  esin x
and I(0) = 1, then I   is equal to [JEE-MAIN-2023]
3
3 3 3 3
1 1 4
(1) − e 4 (2) e4 (3) e (4) −e 4
2 2

 6
62. 0 e + 6e + 11e x + 6
3x 2x
dx [JEE-MAIN-2023]

 512   32   256   64 
(1) log e   (2) log e   (3) log e   (4) log e  
 81   27   81   27 

1 1 1   +1
0 dx =  ,   > 0, then  –  is equal to: [JEE-MAIN-2023]
4 4
63. log e 
(5 + 2x − 2x ) (1 + e 2 ( 2− 4x )
)    
(1) 21 (2) 0 (3) 19 (4) –21

x+7
64. Let I(x) = 
x
dx and I(9) = 12 + 7 loge7. If I(1) =  + 7 log e 1 + 2 2 , then 4 is equal to ( )
[JEE-MAIN-2023]

dx 2 1 
65. Let f (x) =  , x  . If f(0) = 0 and f (1) = tan −1   , ,   0 , then 2 + 2 is
(3 + 4x ) 2
4 − 3x 2 3  
equal to [JEE-MAIN-2023]
 1 
66. If  sec 2x − 1dx =  log e cos 2x +  + cos 2x 1 + cos x  + constant, then  −  is equal to ______.
 

[JEE-MAIN-2023]

67. The integral 

(x 8
− x ) dx 2

is equal to: [JEE-MAIN-2024]

( x + 3x + 1) tan  x 3 + x13 
12 6 −1

3
  1    1 
(1) log e  tan −1  x 3 + 3   + C (2) log e  tan −1  x 3 + 3   + C
  x    x 
1/2 1/3
  1    1 
(3) log e  tan −1  x 3 + 3   +C (4) log e  tan −1  x 3 + 3   +C
  x    x 

   cosecx + sinx 

68. For x   − ,  , if y ( x ) =  dx , and lim − y ( x ) = 0 then y   is equal to
 2 2 cosecxsecx + tanxsin x
2

x →  4
2

[JEE-MAIN-2024]
1  1   1  1  1  1  1
(1) tan −1   (2) tan −1   (3) − tan −1   (4) tan −1  − 
2  2  2 2  2 2  2

3 3
sin 2 x + cos 2 x
69. If  dx = A cos  tan x − sin  + B cos  − sin  cot x + C , where C is the
sin 3 x cos3 x sin(x − )
integration constant, then AB is equal to [JEE-MAIN-2024]
(1) 2sec  (2) 4sec  (3) 8cosec(2) (4) 4cosec(2)
PHYSICS WALLAH 257
 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

EXERCISE # 4 (JA)

x2 −1
1.  dx is equals to − [JEE-2006, (3M, -1M)]
x 3 2x 4 − 2x 2 + 1
2x 4 − 2x 2 + 1 2x 4 − 2x 2 + 1
(A) +c (B) +c
x2 x3
2x 4 − 2x 2 + 1 2x 4 − 2x 2 + 1
(C) +c (D) +c
x 2x 2

x
2. Let f ( x ) = for n  2and g(x) = ( f of of...of )( x ).Then  x n −2g ( x ) dx equals. [JEE-2007, 3]
(1 + x ) n 1/n
f occurs n times

1 1

( ) ( )
1 1− 1 1−
(A) 1 + nx n n +K (B) 1 + nx n n +K
n ( n − 1) n −1
1 1

( ) ( )
1 1+ 1 1+
(C) 1 + nx n n +K (D) 1 + nx n n +K
n ( n + 1) n +1

3. Let F(x) be an indefinite integral of sin2x. [JEE-2007, 3]

Statement-1 :The function F(x) satisfies F (x + ) = F(x) for all real x.
because
Statement-2 :sin2 (x + ) = sin2x for all real x.
(A) Statement – 1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(B) Statement – 1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(C) Statement – 1 is True, Statement-2 is False.
(D) Statement – 1 is False, Statement-2 is True.

ex e− x
4. Let I =  dx, J =  e−4x + e−2x + 1 dx. Then, for an arbitrary constant c, the value of
e4x + e2x + 1
J – I equals. [JEE-2008, 3 (-1)]
1  e − e +1
4x 2x
1  e + e +1
2x x
(A) n  4x +c (B) n +c
2  e + e +1 2x
2  e2x − e x + 1 
1  e2x − e x + 1  1  e4x + e2x + 1 
(C) n +c (D) n +c
2  e2x + e x + 1  2  e4x − e2x + 1 

sec2 x
5. The integral  dx equals (for some arbitrary constant K) [JEE-2012, 3M,-1M]
( sec x + tan x )9/2
1 1 1 2
(A) −  − ( sec x + tan x )  + K
( secx + tanx ) 11/2
11 7 
1 1 1 2
(B)  − ( sec x + tan x )  + K
( secx + tanx ) 11/2
11 7 
1 1 1 2
(C) −  + ( sec x + tan x )  + K
( secx + tanx ) 11/2
11 7 
1 1 1 2
(D)  + ( sec x + tan x )  + K
( secx + tanx ) 11/2
11 7 

PHYSICS WALLAH 258

 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

EXERCISE # 5

 ( sin (101x ) .sin )

99
1. x dx equals

sin (100x )( sin x ) cos (100x )( sin x )

100 100

(A) +C (B) +C
100 100
cos (100x )( cos x ) sin (100x )( sin x )
100 101

(C) +C (D) +C
100 101

p x p + 2q −1 − q x q −1
2. The evaluation of  x 2p+ 2q + 2x p+q + 1 dx is
xp xq xq xp
(A) − +C (B) +C (C) − +C (D) +C
x p+q + 1 x p+q + 1 x p+q + 1 x p+q + 1


sin x
3. The integral cot x e cos x dx equals
sin x sin x
tan x e 1 cot x e
(A) +C (B) 2e sin x
+C (C) − e sin x
+C (D) +C
cos x 2 2 cos x

Multiple Correct:
4. Which one of the following is FALSE ?
dx dx
(A) x. = x ln x + C (B) x. = x ln x + Cx
x x
1 1
cos x  cos x 
(C) . cos x dx = tan x + C (D) . cos x dx = x + C

 ( sin x ) dx n  N, then 5I4 – 6I6 is equal to -

n
5. If In =

sin x.( cos x ) + C cos x.( sin x ) + C

5 5
(A) (B)
sin 2x sin 2x
(C) cos 2 2x + 1 − 2cos 2x  + C (D) cos 2 2x + 1 + 2cos 2x  + C
8   8  

 2  3 4 
6. Let f(x) = sin3x + sin3  x +  + sin  x +  then the primitive of f (x) w.r.t. x is
 3   3 
3sin 3x 1  3x  sin 3x cos3x
(A) − +C (B) cos 2   + C (C) +C (D) +C
4 2  2  4 4
Where C is an arbitrary constant.

sin 2 x + sin x cos 2 x + cos x

7. Suppose J =  1 + sin x + cos x dx and K =  1 + sin x + cos x dx. If C is an arbitrary constant of integration
then which of the following is/are correct ?
1
(A) J = ( x − sin x + cos x ) + C (B) J = K – ( sin x + cos x ) + C
2
1
(C) J = x – K + C (D) K = ( x − sin x + cos x ) + C
2
PHYSICS WALLAH 259
 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

( ) dx equals to
cot –1 e x
8.  e x

cot e −1
( ) +x+c
x
cot e −1
( ) +x+c
x

(A)
1
2
(
n e2x + 1 −
ex
) (B)
1
2
(
n e2x + 1 +
ex
)
cot e −1
( ) −x+c
x
cot e −1
( ) − e
−x

(C)
1
2
(
n e2x + 1 −
ex
) (D)
1
2
(
n e2x + 1 +
ex
) 2
−x
−x+c

 sec  ( sec  + tan  ) d

2 2
9.

( sec  + tan  ) 2 + tan  ( sec  + tan  )  2 + 4 tan 

(A)  ( sec  + tan  ) + C (B)  ( sec  + tan  ) + C
2 3
( sec  + tan  ) 2 + tan  ( sec  + tan ) 1 + sec 
(C)  ( sec  + tan  ) + C (D)  ( sec  + tan  ) + C
3 3

10. ( )
If f ' x 2 =
nx
x 2
1
and f (1) = − , then −
4
1
(A) f ( e ) = 0 (B) f ' ( e ) = (C) f "( e ) = f ( e ) (D) f " ( e ) = f ' ( e )
2e
sin 2x
11.  dx is equal to −
( sin x + cos x )2
1   1  
(A) x + cot  x +  + C (B) x + tan  − x  + C
2  4 2  4 
tan 2x sec 2x 1
(C) x − + +C (D) x + +C
2 2 1 + tan x
(where C is constant of integration)

2x − 1 − x 2
12. I= dx is equal to −
( )
2
1 + x2

1 1
(A)  − − tan −1 x (B) cot −1x − +
1+ x 2
1 + x2
x2 2x 2 + 1
(C) − tan −1 x +  (D) − tan −1 x + 
1+ x 2
1+ x 2

(where   are arbitrary constants)

x +1
13.  2x 3/2 dx equal to −
3 1
−
x2 − x
1 1
− 2
(A) x2 −x 2 +C (B) +C
x
3

(C)
x2 + x ( x −1 ) +C (D)
x2 −1
+C
3 1
x
x2 + x2
(where C is constant of integration)
PHYSICS WALLAH 260
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sin 2x + 2
14.  sin 2x + cox2x + 1 dx = f (x) + C, Where C is integration constant and f(0) = 0, then -

  3   3
(A) f   = + n2 (B) f   = + n2
4 8 2 4 8 4
3
(C) lim f ( x ) does not exist (D) lim f ( x ) = + n3
3 3 8
x→ x→
4 4

3z3 − 8z + 5
15. If  (
dz = z 2 + az + 36 ) z 2 − 4z − 7 + b n z − 2 + z 2 − 4z − 7 + C, where a,b I and C is
z − 4z − 7
2

integration constant, then-

(A) a> b (B) a < b
(C) a + b = 117 (D) exactly one out of a or b is a prime number.

x
16. If f (x) = , then which of the following is/are correct -
x −1
2

ex − 1
(A) ( )
 f e dx =
x 1
n x
2 e +1
+C (B)  f ( sin x ) dx = sec x + C
x −1 1
 f ( sec  ) d = − cosec  + C f (x ) dx = 14 − tan −1 x + C
2
(C) (D) n
x +1 2

PHYSICS WALLAH 261

 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

EXERCISE # 6

 x
tan ( l n x ) tan  l n  tan ( l n 2 )
 2 (
ex 2 − x 2 )
1.  dx 2.  dx
x (1 − x ) 1 − x2
dx dx
3.  4. 
(x + ) sin 3 x sin ( x +  )
2
x (1 + x )

x (1 + x ) dx2

5.  dx 6.  1 − 2x 2 cos  + x 4 ( 0,  )
( 7x − 10 − x ) 2 3/2

sin ( x − a ) cos 2 x
7.  sin ( x + a )
dx 8.  1 + tan x dx
f ( x ) dx
9. Let f(x) is a quadratic function such that f (0) = 1 and  x2 is a rational function, find the value of
( x + 1)3
f'(0)
cos x − sin x cos  + sin 
10.  7 − 9sin 2x dx 11.  cos 2. n
cos  − sin 
d

Match of Column:

12. I1 =  tan x tan ( ax + b ) dx and I 2 =  cot x cot ( ax + b ) dx

Column – I Column- II
cos ( x − b )
(A) Value of I1 for a =1 is (P) x – cot b n +C
cos x
sin x
(B) Value of I2 for a =1 is (Q) cot b n −x+C
sin ( x + b )

 cos x 
 cos ( x + b )  − x + C
(C) Value of I1 for a =–1 is (R) cot b n 
 
 sin x 
(S) x + cot b n 
 sin ( b − x )  + C
(D) Value of I2 for a =–1 is
 

PHYSICS WALLAH 262

 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

ADDITIONAL EXERCISE

(
log 6 6 (sin x)6cos x ) dx x3 + x + 1
1.  tan x
6.  x 4 + x 2 + 1 dx

dx cot x – tan x
2.  sec x + cos ecx dx 7.  1 + 3sin 2x
dx

cot xdx sin 4 x + cos 4 x  

3.  (1 – sin x )( secx + 1) 8.  3
sin x cos x
dx, x   0, 
 2

sin(x + ) cosecx + sec x x2

4.  cos3 x cosecx – sec x dx 9.  ( x cos x – sin x )( x sin x + cos x ) dx

a 2 sin 2 x + b 2 cos 2 x dx
5.  a 4 sin 2 x + b4 cos2 x dx 10.  cos3 x − sin 3 x

MATCH OF COLUMN

11. Column-I Column-II

x4 – 1
(P) ln 
( )
 x2 + 1 + x4 + 1 
+c
(A)  dx
 
x 2
x + x +1
4 2 x
 

x2 – 1 1  x 4 + 1 – 2x 
(B)  dx (Q) C – ln  
x 1 + x4 2 
 (
x2 – 1 
 )

1 + x2  1 
(C)  dx (R) C – tan −1  1+ −1 
(1 – x )  
4
2
1 + x4 
x


1 x4 + x2 + 1
(D)  dx (S) +C
(1 + x ) 4
1 + x4 – x2 x

PHYSICS WALLAH 263

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Answer Key

EXERCISE # 1

1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D
8. B 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. B 14. C
15. A

EXERCISE # 2

x2 67
1. −x+C 2.
2 5
1 2 2 3
3. (x − sin x) + C 4. C− + 3 − 5 − 2 tan −1 x
2 x 3x 5x
 x  x  x 1 x
5. 2ln  sec  – 3ln  sec  – 6ln  sec  + C 6. sin–1  sec2  + C
 2  3  6 2 2
x x
1  1+ x   1+ x   1 + x  x e
7.  ln   .ln  ln  − ln   + C 8.   −  +C
2  1− x   1− x   1 − x  e x
x4 3 2 1
9. +x –x +5x + ln (x2 + 1) + 3tan–1 x + C
4 2
 t4 t2 1 
10. 6  − + t + ln(1 + t 2 ) − tan −1 t  + C where t = x1/6
4 2 2 
x ln x
11. (a + x) arc tan – ax + C 12. arc secx – +C
a (x 2 − 1)

(x 2 + 1) x 2 + 1   1   1 + 1 + 3cos 2 2 
13.  2 − 3ln 1 + 2   14. ln  +C
9x 3
  x   cos 2 
 
x  ax 2 + b 
15. C− 16. sin −1  +k
(x − 1)2
2
 cx 
17. ( )(
2 2 cos(e− x ) sin(e x ) + cos(e x ) + C )
1
18. C – ln(1+ (x + 1)e–x) – 19. C – ecosx(x + cosecx)
1 + (x + 1)e − x
x +1 x5 3(1 + 4 tan 2 x)
20. C− or C + 21. − +C
x5 + x + 1 x5 + x + 1 8(tan x)8/3
1 3 + sin x − cosx
22. ln + arc tan(sinx + cosx) + C
2 3 3 − sinx + cosx
7 6x
23. 4lnx + + 6 tan–1(x) + +C
x 1 + x2
−2 x −
24. 8 25. 2010 26. +C 27. 5
 − x −
PHYSICS WALLAH 264
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EXERCISE # 3 (JM)

1. 1 2. 3 3. 1 4. 3 5. 2 6. 2 7. 3
8. 3 9. 3 10. 1 11. 1 12. 3 13. 1 14. 3
15. 1 16. 1 17. 4 18. 3 19. 2 20. 3 21. 4
22. 1 23. 2 24. 1 25. 3 26. 3 27. 2 28. 4
29. 1 30. 4 31. 1 32. 3 33. 3 34. 1 35. 3
36. 4 37. 1 38. 1 39. 2 40. 4 41. 2 42. 4
43. 1 44. 3 45. 6 46. 4 47. 3 48. 7 49. 15
50. 5 51. 1 52. 1 53. 2 54. 4 55. 1 56. 4
57. 4 58. 2 59. 3 60. 1 61. 3 62. 2 63. 1
64. 64 65. 28 66. 1 67. 4 68. 4 69. 3

EXERCISE # 4 (JA)

1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. C

EXERCISE # 5
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A,C,D 5. B,C
6. B,D 7. B,C 8. C,D 9. C,D 10. A,B,C
11. A,B,C,D 12. A,B,C,D 13. A,B,C,D 14. B,C 15. B,C,D
16. A,C

EXERCISE # 6
 sec(lnx)  1+ x
1. ln  tan(ln 2) 
+C 2. ex +c
 sec(lnx/ 2) x  1− x

t 1
3. 2ln + + C, where t = x + x2 + x
2t + 1 2t + 1
2 sin(x + ) 2(7x − 20)
4. C− 5. +C
sin  sin x 9 7x − 10 − x 2

1   −1   x 2 − 1  
6.  cos ec  tan    cosec 
2 2   2x  2

7.
 cos x 
cos a. arc cos 
 cosa 
( 2 2
)
 –sin a. ln sin x + sin x − sin a + C

1 x 1
8. ln(cos x + sin x) + + (sin 2x +cos2x) + C 9. 3
4 2 8
1 (4 + 3sin x + 3cos x
10. ln +C
24 4 − 3sin x − 3cos x

1  cos  + sin   
11. (sin 2)ln   − ln(sec 2) + C
2  cos  − sin   2
12. (A) R ; (B) Q; (C) P ; (D) S
PHYSICS WALLAH 265
 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

ADDITIONAL EXERCISE

1  l n 2 (sin x)  x 
1.  + l n  tan  + cos x  + C
6  l n 36  2 

1 1  x  
2. sin x − cos x − l n tan  +   + C
2  2  2 8 

1 x 1 x x
3. l n tan + sec2 + tan + C
2 2 4 2 2

t 2 dt
4. – (cos + sin ) 1 − t 2 + sin  sin–1 t + cos  + C (where t = tanx)
1 − t2

1  −1  a tan x 
2 
5.  x + tan    + C
a 2 + b 2   b
2


1 1  x2 −1  1  2
–1 2x + 1

6. ln |x2 – x + 1 | + tan–1   + tan  +C
2 2 3  3x  2 3  3 

 2sin 2x 
7. tan–1   + C
 sin x + cos x 

1 + t2 1 t2 +1 −1
8. C– – ln , where t = cot2x
2 4 t +1 +1
2

x sin x + cos x
9. ln
x cos x − sin x

2 1 2 + sin x + cos x
10. tan–1(sin x + cos x) + ln +C
3 3 2 2 − sin x − cos x

11. (A) S; (B) P; (C) Q; (D) R

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PHYSICS WALLAH 266