1.

Cement factory labourers are prone to:

a) Leukemia
b) Cytosilicosis
c) Bone marrow
d) None of these
Explanation: Exposure to silica dust in cement factories causes
cytosilicosis, a lung disease.

2. Perinatal transmission occurs when a pathogen is transmitted

from:
a) Non-human to human
b) Infected to uninfected
c) Mother to infant
d) None of these
Explanation: Perinatal transmission refers to pathogens passing from
mother to infant during pregnancy, birth, or shortly after. Perinatal
transmission occurs when a pathogen is transmitted from a mother to
her baby. This transmission happens during the perinatal period, which
encompasses late pregnancy and the early postpartum period.
Pathogens involved can include bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
Understanding this transmission route is critical for preventing and
managing infections in newborns. Various interventions, such as
screening and preventative medications, can reduce the risk of
perinatal transmission.

3. Operating systems initialize total memory from:

a) BIOS
b) RAM
c) ROM
d) CPU
Explanation: BIOS detects and initializes memory during startup,
providing this info to the operating system. Operating systems initialize
their total memory from the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System). The
BIOS is a firmware that initializes hardware components during the
boot process, including the system's RAM. It performs tests, sets up the
initial hardware configuration, and makes the memory available to the
 operating system. The OS then takes over memory management after
the BIOS completes its initial setup.

4. Adding vitamins to milk is called:

a) Flavoring
b) Fortification
c) Fermentation
d) None of these
Explanation: Fortification means adding nutrients like vitamins to
improve nutritional value. Adding vitamins to milk is
called fortification. This process involves adding essential
micronutrients like vitamins A and D to enhance the nutritional value of
milk. Fortification is a common practice to improve public health by
addressing potential vitamin deficiencies. It's important to note that
fortification is not limited to milk and is used in various food products.

5. Which products can be made from raw guava?

a) Jam
b) Jelly
c) Both (A) and (B)
d) None of these
Explanation: Raw guava’s high pectin content makes it suitable for
both jam and jelly. Guava is used for jam (crushed fruit)
and jelly (strained juice with pectin).

6. Which plant group needs both land and water to complete its
life cycle?
a) Bryophyta
b) Tracheophyta
c) Thallophyta
d) None of these
Explanation: Bryophytes need water for reproduction (sperm
movement) but grow on land. Bryophytes (e.g., mosses) require
water for sperm motility but live on land. Tracheophyta (B) includes
vascular plants (ferns, trees) less dependent on water.
7. ‘Blue dwarfs’ and ‘Red giants’ respectively refer to:
a) Moons of Jupiter
b) Young star and Old star
c) Old star and Young star
d) None of these
Explanation: Blue dwarfs are young, hot stars; red giants are old,
large, cool stars. Blue dwarfs are hypothetical stars predicted to form
from low-mass red dwarfs as they age. Red giants are aging stars that
have expanded after exhausting hydrogen in their cores. Option (A) is
incorrect as these terms are unrelated to Jupiter’s moons.

8. Which of the following sources of energy is caused by uneven

heating of Earth’s surface?
a) Wind
b) Solar
c) Biomass
d) None of these
Explanation: Uneven heating causes air pressure differences that
create wind. Wind energy results from temperature differences (due
to solar heating), creating air movement. Solar (B) is the primary
source, but wind is the direct manifestation of uneven heating.

9. Which is used as a stabilizer in ice cream?

a) Sugar
b) Milk
c) Gelatin
d) None of these
Explanation: Gelatin stabilizes ice cream texture and prevents ice
crystals. Gelatin prevents ice crystal formation, improving texture.
Sugar (A) sweetens; milk (B) is the base.
10. Global winds towards the western direction are known as:
a) Trade winds
b) Western winds
c) Reynolds wind
d) None of these
Explanation: Trade winds blow from east to west near the equator.
Global winds moving towards the western direction are known
as trade winds. These winds play a crucial role in global weather
patterns and are a significant factor in maritime navigation, historically.
Trade winds consistently blow from east to west near the equator,
contributing to the movement of ocean currents. They're also vital for
the climate of the regions they impact. Understanding trade winds is
fundamental to grasping broader atmospheric circulation.

11. The process of preserving meat by stewing in a covered

earthenware jug is called:
a) Burial
b) Jugging
c) Curing
d) None of these
Explanation: Jugging involves slow cooking meat in a covered jug.
Jugging involves slow-cooking meat in a sealed jug (traditionally with
blood/wine). Curing (C) uses salt/smoke, not stewing.

12. Most major Tsunamis are produced by earthquakes with

hypocenters less than:
a) 30 km
b) 40 km
c) 50 km
d) None of these
Explanation: Shallow earthquakes (<30 km deep) cause seafloor
shifts that trigger tsunamis. Shallow earthquakes (<30 km) displace
large volumes of water, generating tsunamis. Deeper earthquakes
(>50 km) rarely cause significant tsunamis due to reduced energy
transfer.
13. Waves used for line-of-sight (LOS) communication are:
a) Space waves
b) Cable waves
c) Antenna waves
d) None of these
Explanation: Space waves travel in straight lines and are used in LOS
communication like microwave. Space Waves are used for line-of-
sight (LOS) communication. This is because LOS communication
requires a direct path between the transmitter and receiver, and space
waves are able to travel in a straight line, making them suitable for this
type of communication. Space waves are also used for satellite
communication due to their propagation characteristics. This makes
them ideal for applications where a clear, unobstructed path is
available between the communication devices.

14. Maximum carbohydrates are obtained from:

a) Nuts
b) Plant oil
c) Whole grain food
d) None of these
Explanation: Whole grains are rich sources of carbohydrates.

15. The amount of data transmitted per unit time is called:

a) Noise
b) Bandwidth
c) Frequency
d) None of these
Explanation: Bandwidth measures data transfer rate over a
communication channel. The amount of data transmitted per unit time
is called bandwidth. Bandwidth refers to the maximum rate at which
data can be transferred over a network or internet connection in a
given amount of time.

16. The common language for AI is:

a) Java
 b) Python
c) Lisp
d) None of these
Explanation: Python is widely used in AI due to ease of use and
powerful libraries. Python is a very common language for AI
development due to its versatility and extensive libraries. Java is also
frequently used for AI implementation, and the best choice depends on
project needs. Python's popularity stems from its readability and a
large ecosystem of AI-focused libraries like TensorFlow and PyTorch,
which make it easier to build and deploy AI models. Java's robustness
and performance make it suitable for large-scale AI applications. Both
languages offer excellent tools for various AI applications.

17. The fastest enzyme is:

a) Pepsin
b) DNA polymerase
c) Carbonic anhydrase
d) None of these
Explanation: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes reactions at millions per
second, one of the fastest known. The fastest enzyme is Carbonic
anhydrase. It can catalyze the hydration of CO2 to form bicarbonate
at a rate of 600,000 molecules per second. This reaction is significantly
faster than the reaction that would occur without the enzyme, by a
factor of 10

18. Which class has the largest number of animals?

a) Fishes
b) Insects
c) Mammals
d) None of these
Explanation: Insects are the most diverse and numerous animal class.
Insects (Class Insecta) comprise ~80% of all animal species.

19. In fiber optics, light is guided through the core by total

internal ___________.
 a) Reflection
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
d) None of these
Explanation: Total internal reflection keeps light confined inside the
fiber core. total internal reflection traps light in the core due to the
refractive index difference.

20. Who is the inventor of Artificial Intelligence?

a) Charles Babbage
b) John McCarthy
c) Alan Turing
d) None of these
Explanation: John McCarthy coined the term "Artificial Intelligence"
and pioneered the field. John McCarthy coined the term "AI" in 1956
and organized the Dartmouth Conference.