02.

cpp
/* MRAA library includes */​
#include "mraa.h"​
​
#include <stdio.h>​
​
int main()​
{​
// create a GPIO object from MRAA using it​
mraa_gpio_context d_pin = NULL;​
d_pin = mraa_gpio_init(13);​
​
if (d_pin == NULL)​
{ // error check​
fprintf(stderr, "MRAA couldn't initialize GPIO, exiting");​
return MRAA_ERROR_UNSPECIFIED;​
}​
​
// configure the GPIO pin as output​
if (mraa_gpio_dir(d_pin, MRAA_GPIO_OUT) != MRAA_SUCCESS)​
{​
fprintf(stderr, "Can't set digital pin as output, exiting");​
return MRAA_ERROR_UNSPECIFIED;​
};​
​
// loop to toggle on-board every second for 10 times​
for (int i = 10; i > 0; i--)​
{​
printf("LED OFF\n");​
mraa_gpio_write(d_pin, 0); // turn off LED​
sleep(2); // wait 1 second​
printf("LED ON\n");​
mraa_gpio_write(d_pin, 1); // turn on LED​
sleep(1); // wait 1 second​
}​
​
return MRAA_SUCCESS;​
}
03.cpp
/* UPM library includes */​
#include "grove.h" // for button->value()​
/* MRAA library includes */​
#include "mraa.h"​
#include <stdio.h>​
int main()​
{​
// create a GPIO object from MRAA using it​
mraa_gpio_context d_pin = NULL;​
d_pin = mraa_gpio_init(13);​
​
// Create the button object using GPIO pin D4​
upm::GroveButton *button = new upm::GroveButton(3);​
​
if (d_pin == NULL)​
{ // error check​
fprintf(stderr, "MRAA couldn't initialize GPIO, exiting");​
return MRAA_ERROR_UNSPECIFIED;​
}​
// configure the GPIO pin as output​
if (mraa_gpio_dir(d_pin, MRAA_GPIO_OUT) != MRAA_SUCCESS)​
{​
fprintf(stderr, "Can't set digital pin as output, exiting");​
return MRAA_ERROR_UNSPECIFIED;​
};​
// Run Code for 1 min​
for (int i = 60; i > 0; i--)​
{​
button_val = button->value();​
if (button_val)​
{​
printf("LED ON\n");​
mraa_gpio_write(d_pin, 1); // turn on LED​
}​
else​
{​
printf("LED OFF\n");​
mraa_gpio_write(d_pin, 0); // turn off LED​
}​
sleep(1);​
}​
​
return MRAA_SUCCESS;​
}
04.cpp
/* UPM library includes */​
#include <buzzer.hpp>​
​
#include <stdio.h> // for printf()​
​
#include <unistd.h> //for sleep()​
​
int main()​
{​
int chord[] = {DO, RE, MI, FA, SOL, LA, SI, DO, SI};​
// create Buzzer instance​
upm::Buzzer *sound = new upm::Buzzer(5);​
​
printf("Volume = %f\n", sound->getVolume());​
sound->setVolume(30.1);​
printf("Volume = %f\n", sound->getVolume());​
fflush(stdout);​
​
// play sound (DO, RE, MI, etc...), pausing for 0.1 seconds between notes​
printf("\nPlaying notes, pausing for 0.1 seconds between notes...\n");​
fflush(stdout);​
​
for (int chord_ind = 0; chord_ind < 13; chord_ind++)​
{​
// play each note for one second​
printf(" %d\n", sound->playSound(chord[chord_ind], 5000000));​
usleep(100000);​
}​
printf("Exiting, bbye!\n");​
​
delete sound;​
}​
05.cpp
#include "mraa/aio.h" //for mraa_aio_read()​
​
#include <math.h> // for math functions​
​
#include <stdio.h> // for printf()​
​
#include <unistd.h> //for sleep()​
​
int main()​
{​
mraa_aio_context adc_a0;​
uint16_t adc_value = 0;​
​
const int B = 4275; // B value of the thermistor​
const int R0 = 100000; // R0 = 100k​
​
// create object of analog input A0 class using mraa lib​
adc_a0 = mraa_aio_init(0);​
​
if (adc_a0 == NULL)​
{​
return 1;​
}​
for (int i = 5; i > 0; i--)​
{​
adc_value = mraa_aio_read(adc_a0); // Max value @ 5V = 1024​
printf("ADC A0 read value : %d\n", adc_value);​
​
float R = 1023.0 / ((float)adc_value) - 1.0;​
R = 100000.0 * R;​
float temperature = 1.0 / (log(R / 100000.0) / B + 1 / 298.15) - 273.15; // convert to
temperature as per datasheet ;​
​
printf("Temperature value : %.2f Degree Celsius\n", temperature);​
​
sleep(1);​
}​
mraa_aio_close(adc_a0);​
printf("Exiting .. Bbye!");​
return MRAA_SUCCESS;​
}​
06.cpp
/* UPM library includes */​
#include "ttp223.h" // for button->value()​
​
/* Standard IO includes */​
#include <stdio.h> // for printf()​
​
#include <unistd.h> //for sleep()​
​
void touchISR(void *);​
int count = 5;​
​
void touchISR(void *)​
{​
count--;​
printf("\nHello World from ISR, will exit after %d touch events", count);​
fflush(stdout);​
}​
​
int main()​
{​
// Create the button object using GPIO pin 4​
upm::TTP223 *touch = new upm::TTP223(4);​
// Read the input and print, waiting one second between readings​
​
touch->installISR(mraa::EDGE_FALLING, &touchISR, NULL);​
​
printf("\nWelcome, waiting for touch event.\nWill exit after 5 events");​
fflush(stdout);​
​
while (count > 0)​
;​
​
printf("\nExiting .. Bbye!");​
​
delete touch; // Delete the button object​
}​
07.cpp
/* UPM library includes */​
#include "grove.h" //for light->name(), light->value()​
​
/* Standard IO includes */​
#include <stdio.h> // for printf()​
​
#include <unistd.h> //for sleep()​
​
int main()​
{​
// Create the light sensor object using AIO pin 0​
upm::GroveLight *light = new upm::GroveLight(0);​
// Read the input and print both the raw value and a rough lux value,​
// waiting one second between readings​
for (int i = 5; i > 0; i--)​
{​
printf(" Light value is %f which is roughly %d lux \n", light->raw_value(), light->value());​
fflush(stdout);​
sleep(1);​
}​
// Delete the light sensor object​
printf("Exiting .. bbye!");​
delete light;​
}​
08.cpp
/* UPM library includes */​
#include "mic.h" // for​
/* Standard IO includes */​
#include <stdio.h> // for printf()​
#include <unistd.h> //for sleep()​
#include <signal.h>​
#include <sys/time.h>​
int is_running = 1;​
uint16_t buffer[128]; // define buffer to store captures values​
upm::Microphone *mic = NULL; // create microphone object​
void sig_handler(int signo)​
{​
printf("got signal\n");​
if (signo == SIGINT)​
{​
is_running = 0;​
}​
}​
int main(int argc, char **argv)​
{​
// Attach microphone to analog port A0​
mic = new upm::Microphone(0);​
if (signal(SIGINT, sig_handler) == SIG_ERR)​
printf("\ncan't catch SIGINT\n");​
thresholdContext ctx;​
ctx.averageReading = 0;​
ctx.runningAverage = 0;​
ctx.averagedOver = 2;​
// Infinite loop, ends when program is cancelled​
// Repeatedly, take a sample every 2 microseconds;​
// find the average of 128 samples; and​
// print a running graph of the averages​
while (is_running)​
{​
int len = mic->getSampledWindow(2, 128, buffer);​
if (len)​
{​
int thresh = mic->findThreshold(&ctx, 30, buffer, len);​
mic->printGraph(&ctx);​
}​
}​
printf("exiting application\n");​
delete mic;​
return 0;​
}
09.cpp
/* UPM library includes */​
#include "jhd1313m1.h"​
​
/* Standard IO includes */​
#include <stdio.h> // for printf()​
​
#include <unistd.h> //for sleep()​
​
int main(void)​
{​
// 0x62 RGB_ADDRESS, 0x3E LCD_ADDRESS​
upm::Jhd1313m1 *lcd;​
lcd = new upm::Jhd1313m1(0, 0x3E, 0x62); // Create lcd instance​
// arguments: I2C addresses of LCD controller and LED backlight controller​
​
printf("Display text on LCD\n");​
​
lcd->setCursor(0, 0); // bring cursor to top left corner​
lcd->write("CSE 2026!!!! "); // print text​
lcd->setCursor(1, 2); // bring cursor to second row​
lcd->write(" This Practical is performed by CSE 2026... !"); // print text​
​
printf("Sleeping for 5 seconds\n");​
sleep(5);​
printf("Starting Color loop...\n");​
​
// Run loop for toggling backlight color between Red->Green->Blue x 5 times​
for (int i = 10; i > 0; i--)​
{​
lcd->setColor(255, 0, 0); // set backlight color to Red​
sleep(1);​
lcd->setColor(0, 255, 0); // set backlight color to Green​
sleep(1);​
lcd->setColor(0, 0, 255); // set backlight color to Blue​
sleep(1);​
}​
​
printf("Exiting .. bbye!\n");​
​
delete lcd; // free up memory.​
return 0;

}​
10.cpp
/* UPM library includes */​
#include "grove.h" // for button->value()​
​
/* Standard IO includes */​
#include <stdio.h> // for printf()​
​
#include <unistd.h> //for sleep()​
​
int main()​
{​
// Instantiate a rotary sensor on analog pin A1​
upm::GroveRotary *knob = new upm::GroveRotary(1);​
// Read the input and print, waiting one second between readings for 1 min​
for (int i = 60; i >= 0; i++)​
{​
float abs_value = knob->abs_value(); // Absolute raw value​
float abs_deg = knob->abs_deg(); // Absolute degrees​
float abs_rad = knob->abs_rad(); // Absolute radians​
float rel_value = knob->rel_value(); // Relative raw value​
float rel_deg = knob->rel_deg(); // Relative degrees​
float rel_rad = knob->rel_rad(); // Relative radians​
printf("Absolute: %4d raw %5.2f deg = %3.2f rad Relative: %4d raw %5.2f deg %3.2f
rad\n",​
(int16_t)abs_value, abs_deg, abs_rad, (int16_t)rel_value, rel_deg, rel_rad);​
sleep(1); // Sleep for 1s​
}​
// Delete the button object​
delete knob;​
}​