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2 - Arduino Board Description

This document provides a detailed description of the components on the Arduino UNO board, highlighting its popularity for beginners in electronics and coding. Key components discussed include power sources, voltage regulators, microcontrollers, and various input/output pins. The document emphasizes the functionality of these components, such as analog input pins for sensors and digital I/O pins for controlling devices.

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1 views4 pages

2 - Arduino Board Description

This document provides a detailed description of the components on the Arduino UNO board, highlighting its popularity for beginners in electronics and coding. Key components discussed include power sources, voltage regulators, microcontrollers, and various input/output pins. The document emphasizes the functionality of these components, such as analog input pins for sensors and digital I/O pins for controlling devices.

Uploaded by

tankiehjovenah2019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Arduino - Board Description

In this chapter, we will learn about the different components on the Arduino
board. We will study the Arduino UNO board because it is the most popular board
in the Arduino board family. In addition, it is the best board to get started with
electronics and coding. Some boards look a bit different from the one given
below, but most Arduinos have majority of these components in common.

Power USB
Arduino board can be powered by using the USB cable from your
computer. All you need to do is connect the USB cable to the USB
connection (1).

Power (Barrel Jack)


Arduino boards can be powered directly from the AC mains power supply
by connecting it to the Barrel Jack (2).

Voltage Regulator
The function of the voltage regulator is to control the voltage given to the
Arduino board and stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and
other elements.

Crystal Oscillator
The crystal oscillator helps Arduino in dealing with time issues. How does
Arduino calculate time? The answer is, by using the crystal oscillator. The
number printed on top of the Arduino crystal is 16.000H9H. It tells us that
the frequency is 16,000,000 Hertz or 16 MHz.

Arduino Reset
You can reset your Arduino board, i.e., start your program from the
beginning. You can reset the UNO board in two ways. First, by using the
reset button (17) on the board. Second, you can connect an external reset
button to the Arduino pin labelled RESET (5).

Pins (3.3, 5, GND, Vin)


 3.3V (6) − Supply 3.3 output volt
 5V (7) − Supply 5 output volt
 Most of the components used with Arduino board works fine with 3.3
volt and 5 volt.
 GND (8)(Ground) − There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any
of which can be used to ground your circuit.
 Vin (9) − This pin also can be used to power the Arduino board from
an external power source, like AC mains power supply.

Analog pins
The Arduino UNO board has six analog input pins A0 through A5. These
pins can read the signal from an analog sensor like the humidity sensor or
temperature sensor and convert it into a digital value that can be read by the
microprocessor.

Main microcontroller
Each Arduino board has its own microcontroller (11). You can assume it as
the brain of your board. The main IC (integrated circuit) on the Arduino is
slightly different from board to board. The microcontrollers are usually of
the ATMEL Company. You must know what IC your board has before
loading up a new program from the Arduino IDE. This information is
available on the top of the IC. For more details about the IC construction
and functions, you can refer to the data sheet.

ICSP pin
Mostly, ICSP (12) is an AVR, a tiny programming header for the Arduino
consisting of MOSI, MISO, SCK, RESET, VCC, and GND. It is often
referred to as an SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), which could be
considered as an "expansion" of the output. Actually, you are slaving the
output device to the master of the SPI bus.

Power LED indicator


This LED should light up when you plug your Arduino into a power source
to indicate that your board is powered up correctly. If this light does not
turn on, then there is something wrong with the connection.

TX and RX LEDs
On your board, you will find two labels: TX (transmit) and RX (receive).
They appear in two places on the Arduino UNO board. First, at the digital
pins 0 and 1, to indicate the pins responsible for serial communication.
Second, the TX and RX led (13). The TX led flashes with different speed
while sending the serial data. The speed of flashing depends on the baud
rate used by the board. RX flashes during the receiving process.
Digital I/O
The Arduino UNO board has 14 digital I/O pins (15) (of which 6 provide
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) output. These pins can be configured to
work as input digital pins to read logic values (0 or 1) or as digital output
pins to drive different modules like LEDs, relays, etc. The pins labeled “~”
can be used to generate PWM.

AREF
AREF stands for Analog Reference. It is sometimes, used to set an external
reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog
input pins.

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