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Control 2 Lab Report

The document outlines an experiment focused on modeling and analyzing a feedback control system using MATLAB/Simulink, specifically examining the effects of PID controller parameters on system dynamics. It includes various programs that implement different PID configurations and their impact on system behavior, demonstrating how each component (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) influences performance. The findings highlight the significance of proper controller tuning to achieve optimal system response and stability.

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4 views6 pages

Control 2 Lab Report

The document outlines an experiment focused on modeling and analyzing a feedback control system using MATLAB/Simulink, specifically examining the effects of PID controller parameters on system dynamics. It includes various programs that implement different PID configurations and their impact on system behavior, demonstrating how each component (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) influences performance. The findings highlight the significance of proper controller tuning to achieve optimal system response and stability.

Uploaded by

ahr6999
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No:

2
Experiment Name:
Feedback System and PID Controller
Objective:
1. To model and analyze a feedback control system using MATLAB/Simulink.
2. To study the effect of different PID (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) parameters on the
dynamic response of a control system.
3. To observe and compare system behavior under various controller configurations using time-
domain simulations.
Theory:
A feedback control system continuously measures the output of a system and adjusts its input to
maintain the desired performance. It consists of a forward path, a feedback path, and a controller
that modifies the input signal based on the error between the desired and actual outputs. One
widely used controller in control systems is the PID controller, which incorporates three terms:
• Proportional (P): Provides control action proportional to the current error.
• Integral (I): Eliminates steady-state error by integrating the error over time.
• Derivative (D): Predicts future error based on its rate of change, improving system stability
and response time.
The combined PID control action enhances system performance by improving stability, reducing
overshoot, and decreasing settling time. In MATLAB, such systems are typically modeled using
transfer functions, and their time-domain responses (e.g., step responses) are analyzed to
evaluate the effectiveness of different PID parameter settings.
Program 1:
clc
clear all
s=tf('s');
p1=-3+4i;
p2=-3-4i;
G=1/((s-p1)*(s-p2))
H=1/(s+2)
sys= feedback (G,H)
step (sys)

Output:

Figure 1
Program 2:
clc
clear all
s=tf('s');
p1=-3+4i;
p2=-3-4i;
G=1/((s-p1)*(s-p2));
sys= feedback (G,1);
step (sys)

Output:

Figure 2
Program 3:
clc
clear all
s=tf('s');
p1=-3+4i;
p2=-3-4i;
G=1/((s-p1)*(s-p2));
kp=200;
ki=0;
kd=0;
cont=kp+ki/s+kd+s;
sys= feedback (G,cont);
step (sys)
Output:

Figure 3
Program 4:
clc
clear all
s=tf('s');
p1=-3+4i;
p2=-3-4i;
G=1/((s-p1)*(s-p2));
kp=0;
ki=100;
kd=0;
cont=kp+ki/s+kd+s;
sys= feedback (G,cont);
step (sys)

Output:

Figure 4
Program 5:
clc
clear all
s=tf('s');
p1=-3+4i;
p2=-3-4i;
G=1/((s-p1)*(s-p2));
kp=0;
ki=0;
kd=1;
cont=kp+ki/s+kd+s;
sys= feedback (G,cont);
step (sys)
Output:

Program 6: Figure 5
clc
clear all
s=tf('s');
p1=-3+4i;
p2=-3-4i;
G=1/((s-p1)*(s-p2));
kp=200;
ki=100;
kd=0;
cont=kp+ki/s+kd+s;
sys= feedback (G,cont);
step (sys)
Output:

Figure 6
Program 7:
clc
clear all
s=tf('s');
p1=-3+4i;
p2=-3-4i;
G=1/((s-p1)*(s-p2));
kp=0;
ki=100;
kd=1;
cont=kp+ki/s+kd+s;
sys= feedback (G,cont);
step (sys)
Output:

Program 8: Figure 7
clc
clear all
s=tf('s');
p1=-3+4i;
p2=-3-4i;
G=1/((s-p1)*(s-p2));
kp=200;
ki=0;
kd=1;
cont=kp+ki/s+kd+s;
sys= feedback (G,cont);
step (sys)
Output:

Figure 8
Program 9:
clc
clear all
s=tf('s');
p1=-3+4i;
p2=-3-4i;
G=1/((s-p1)*(s-p2));
kp=200;
ki=100;
kd=1;
cont=kp+ki/s+kd+s;
sys= feedback (G,cont);
step (sys)
Output:

Figure 9
Discussion:

In this experiment, various configurations of PID controllers were applied to a second-order


system using MATLAB. Programs were executed to implement proportional, integral, and
derivative controls both individually and in combination. The step response plots generated for
each configuration revealed the specific role each component plays, Proportional control
influenced the rise time but could not eliminate steady-state error. Integral control reduced the
steady-state error significantly but introduced slower response and potential instability. Derivative
control improved the transient response and reduced overshoot.
When all three components (PID) were combined and tuned properly, the system exhibited
improved performance with faster response, reduced overshoot, and minimal steady-state error.
This experiment demonstrated the importance of controller tuning in achieving the desired
behavior in feedback systems and reinforced foundational concepts in control theory.

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