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CPSC - 114 Introduction To Internet Computing Computer Basics

This document provides an overview of basic computer hardware and software components. It describes that a computer is a device that processes information and identifies the main hardware components as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and input/output (I/O) devices. The CPU processes instructions and data at high speeds measured in gigahertz. Memory stores programs and data in binary format measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes. I/O devices allow the computer to communicate with users and other systems. The document also explains that software consists of programs like operating systems and applications that run on the hardware. The operating system manages memory and allows multitasking of different programs.

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Mini Gautam
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
59 views

CPSC - 114 Introduction To Internet Computing Computer Basics

This document provides an overview of basic computer hardware and software components. It describes that a computer is a device that processes information and identifies the main hardware components as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and input/output (I/O) devices. The CPU processes instructions and data at high speeds measured in gigahertz. Memory stores programs and data in binary format measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes. I/O devices allow the computer to communicate with users and other systems. The document also explains that software consists of programs like operating systems and applications that run on the hardware. The operating system manages memory and allows multitasking of different programs.

Uploaded by

Mini Gautam
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CPSC-114 Introduction to Internet Computing Computer Basics

Overview
The Basics Hardware

Software

CPU Memory I/O Devices

Begin at the Beginning


Computer: Device that receives, stores, and processes information. What other forms can a computer have? Why is this important?
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More Beginning
Hardware: Parts of the computer that you can touch.
Keyboard, monitor, hard drive, etc.

Software: Parts of the computer that you cant touch. von Neumann architecture:
Programs that run such as Word, IM, etc. Memory, Processing, Input/Output AKA stored-program computer
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Output

Processing and Memory

Input
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Under The Cover


Memory (RAM) Holds programs and data
s Bu

I/O Devices Receive input and give output


Bu s
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CPU Processes programs and data Cache

CPU
Central Processing Unit is brains of computer. Two main tasks: Instructions are very, very simple and each one is very fast. Common manufacturers:
Intel, AMD, Motorola
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1. Fetch instructions from memory. 2. Execute the instructions.

CPU (cont.)
Common CPU measurement is speed.
Instructions per second Measured in gigahertz 2.2GHz CPU = 2.2 billion instructions per second

Given computer A with CPU speed of 3.0 GHz and computer B with CPU speed of 4.0, which is faster?
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Memory
Stores programs and data. Bit: Unit of storage that can be either a zero or a one. Electronic circuits operate on states of on (one) and off (zero). All programs and data encoded as zeros and ones.
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Remember in the decimal system: 34 = (3 X 10) + (4 X 1) = (3 X 101) + (4 X 100) The decimal system is based on using the ten digits 0-9.
tens column 34 ones column
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Memory (cont.)

Memory (cont.)
Binary system works on the same principles as the decimal system. Operates on base 2:
Only have digits 0 and 1 101 = = = = (1 X 22) + (0 X 21) + (1 X 20) (1 X 4) + (0 X 2) + (1 X 1) 4 + 0 + 1 5 (in decimal)
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Common memory measurement is byte:


byte kilobyte (KB) megabyte (MB) gigabyte (GB) terabyte (TB) 8 bits 210 bytes 220 bytes 230 bytes 240 bytes

Memory (cont.)

8 bits Can represent 28 or 256 binary values


1 byte 1024 bytes 1,048,576 bytes 1,073,741,824 bytes 1,099,511,627,77 13 6 bytes

Memory (cont.)
Byte = 1 character. Kilobyte = 1 short article on CNN.com. Megabyte = 1 largish book or 1 photo or 1 minute compressed music. Gigabyte = 18 hours of MP3 music (at 128 kbit/sec). Terabyte = 1/8 of the books in the U.S. Library of Congress.
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Memory (cont.)
1.

Main Memory typically constructed from: Random Access Memory (RAM): Dynamic memory on separate chip. Cache: Very fast dynamic memory usually located on CPU chip.
256 bytes 2M
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512M 2GB

2.

Memory (cont.)
Secondary storage: Static memory with large capacity.
E.g., hard disk 500 GB drives available as of 11/05

Given computer A with 256MB of RAM and computer B with 1G of RAM, which is faster?
Which is better? Why?
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I/O Devices
I/O Devices allow computer to communicate. Multi-function keyboard: Contains built-in shortcuts for functions such as Print. Modem: Allows computers to communicate over phone lines.
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With other computers With humans

I/O Devices
Ethernet: Allows computers to be connected into network.

Wireless: Networks computers via radio waves.


Much more portable than Ethernet

Via hard wire Typically faster and more robust than wireless

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What Does This Tell Us?

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Software
Software: Collection of instructions to carry out a task.

Application Software: User-focused software to accomplish a user task. Operating System: System-focused software that manages CPU, memory and I/O devices.
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E.g., Word, Excel, Acrobat Reader

Software (cont.)
User Application Software Operating System Hardware
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Operating System
1.

2.

Two main tasks: Multitasking: Allowing more than one program to execute simultaneously. Managing computer memory.

File: Document that stores information such as text, a photo. Directory: Collection of files.
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Organized into files and directories.

Questions?

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