Stat 111 SIMPLE MCQ’S

1. What is the most used measure of central tendency?

a) Median
b) Mode
c) Arithmetic Mean
d) Harmonic Mean

2. The population mean is denoted by:

a) x̄
b) µ
c) M
d) σ

3. What is the formula for the arithmetic mean of a sample?

a) xˉ=∑xi/Nx̄ = \sum x_i / Nxˉ=∑xi/N
b) xˉ=∑xi/nx̄ = \sum x_i / nxˉ=∑xi/n
c) xˉ=∑xifi/Nx̄ = \sum x_i f_i / Nxˉ=∑xifi/N
d) xˉ=∑xifi/nx̄ = \sum x_i f_i / nxˉ=∑xifi/n

4. The median is the:

a) Middle value when data is arranged
b) Most frequent value
c) Average of all values
d) Sum of values divided by the number of observations

5. If a dataset has two modes, it is called:

a) Unimodal
b) Bimodal
c) Multimodal
d) Non-modal

6. The harmonic mean is useful in:

a) Averaging speeds
b) Summarizing categorical data
c) Finding middle values
d) Estimating sample sizes
7. What is the formula for the geometric mean?
a) xˉG=∏xinx̄_G = \sqrt[n]{\prod x_i}xˉG=n∏xi
b) xˉG=∑xi/nx̄_G = \sum x_i / nxˉG=∑xi/n
c) xˉG=∑fixi/nx̄_G = \sum f_i x_i / nxˉG=∑fixi/n
d) xˉG=n!/xix̄_G = n! / x_ixˉG=n!/xi

8. The geometric mean is useful for:

a) Analyzing growth rates
b) Finding the median
c) Comparing variance
d) Computing standard deviation

9. The relationship between arithmetic mean (AM), geometric mean (GM),

and harmonic mean (HM) is:
a) AM < GM < HM
b) AM > GM > HM
c) AM = GM = HM
d) None of the above

10. The weighted mean is used when:

a) All data points have equal importance
b) Data points have different weights
c) Only numerical data is available
d) Categorical data is involved

11. Which measure of dispersion is the simplest?

a) Variance
b) Standard deviation
c) Range
d) Interquartile range

12. The interquartile range (IQR) is calculated as:

a) Q3−Q1Q3 - Q1Q3−Q1
b) Q2−Q1Q2 - Q1Q2−Q1
c) Q3+Q1Q3 + Q1Q3+Q1
d) Q2+Q3Q2 + Q3Q2+Q3

13. What is the symbol for population variance?

a) s²
b) σ²
 c) µ²
d) x̄²

14. Standard deviation is the:

a) Square root of variance
b) Sum of squared deviations
c) Mean divided by variance
d) Difference between highest and lowest values

15. If all values in a dataset are the same, the variance is:
a) 1
b) 0
c) Equal to the mean
d) Undefined

16. The 50th percentile is also known as the:

a) Mean
b) Mode
c) Median
d) Standard deviation

17. The first quartile (Q1) corresponds to the:

a) 25th percentile
b) 50th percentile
c) 75th percentile
d) 90th percentile

18. A box plot displays which of the following?

a) Mean
b) Five-number summary
c) Skewness
d) Only quartiles

19. If a dataset is positively skewed, the median will be:

a) Equal to the mean
b) Less than the mean
c) Greater than the mean
d) Not related to the mean

20. The interquartile range is useful because it:

a) Is affected by outliers
b) Ignores extreme values
 c) Includes all data points
d) Measures central tendency

21. A probability distribution must satisfy which of the following?

a) Sum of probabilities = 1
b) Probabilities can be negative
c) Probability of an event is always > 1
d) Mean is always 0

22. A uniform distribution means:

a) All outcomes are equally likely
b) One outcome is more probable
c) The variance is always zero
d) The mean is equal to the highest value

23. Which of the following is a discrete probability distribution?

a) Normal distribution
b) Poisson distribution
c) Uniform distribution
d) Exponential distribution

24. The standard normal distribution has:

a) Mean = 1, SD = 1
b) Mean = 0, SD = 1
c) Mean = 0, SD = 0
d) Mean = 1, SD = 0

25. The empirical rule states that approximately how much data falls
within 2 standard deviations?
a) 50%
b) 68%
c) 95%
d) 99%

26. Chebyshev’s theorem applies to:

a) Only normal distributions
b) Any data distribution
c) Only skewed distributions
d) Uniform distributions
27. The z-score represents:
a) How far a value is from the mean in standard deviations
b) The mean of a dataset
c) The variance of a dataset
d) A probability score

28. A z-score of 0 means:

a) The value is at the mean
b) The value is an outlier
c) The dataset has no variation
d) The probability is 0

29. According to Chebyshev’s rule, at least what percentage of data

falls within 3 standard deviations?
a) 50%
b) 68%
c) 89%
d) 99%

30. In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within 1

standard deviation?
a) 50%
b) 68%
c) 89%
d) 99%

31. If the mean > median > mode, the data is:
a) Negatively skewed
b) Positively skewed
c) Symmetric
d) Uniform

32. Kurtosis measures:

a) Skewness
b) Peakedness
c) Spread of data
d) Central tendency

33. If a dataset has a kurtosis value less than 3, it is:

a) Platykurtic
b) Leptokurtic
 c) Mesokurtic
d) Symmetric

34. The moment-based measure of skewness is:

a) Pearson’s skewness
b) Mean-median difference
c) Third central moment
d) Variance

35. A histogram with a long left tail is:

a) Right-skewed
b) Left-skewed
c) Symmetric
d) Normal

36. Which of the following measures is not a measure of central

tendency?
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Standard Deviation

37. The mode is useful when analyzing:

a) Categorical data
b) Continuous data
c) Large datasets only
d) Skewed data

38. The median is preferred over the mean when:

a) The dataset has outliers
b) The dataset is symmetric
c) The dataset has a uniform distribution
d) The dataset contains negative values

39. If a dataset’s standard deviation is zero, what does it imply?

a) The dataset has high variation
b) All data points are the same
c) The dataset follows a normal distribution
d) The dataset has no mode

40. The standard deviation of a dataset is always:

a) Greater than the mean
 b) Less than the mean
c) Non-negative
d) Equal to the variance

41. A dataset with a higher standard deviation is:

a) More spread out
b) More concentrated around the mean
c) Normally distributed
d) Symmetric

42. The second quartile (Q2) is also known as the:

a) Mean
b) Mode
c) Median
d) Range

43. The interquartile range (IQR) represents the range of:

a) The middle 25% of data
b) The middle 50% of data
c) The middle 75% of data
d) The entire dataset

44. In a box plot, an outlier is usually represented by:

a) The box itself
b) A dot outside the whiskers
c) The median line
d) The interquartile range

45. The probability of an event always lies between:

a) 0 and 1
b) -1 and 1
c) 0 and infinity
d) -∞ and ∞

46. If an event has a probability of 1, it means:

a) It is impossible
b) It is certain to occur
c) It has equal chances of occurring and not occurring
d) It follows a normal distribution

47. The probability of the complement of an event AAA is given by:

a) P(A)+P(A′)=1P(A) + P(A') = 1P(A)+P(A′)=1
b) P(A)−P(A′)=1P(A) - P(A') = 1P(A)−P(A′)=1
 c) P(A)×P(A′)=1P(A) \times P(A') = 1P(A)×P(A′)=1
d) P(A)/P(A′)=1P(A) / P(A') = 1P(A)/P(A′)=1

48. A binomial distribution models situations where:

a) There are multiple outcomes
b) There are exactly two possible outcomes
c) The probabilities change after each trial
d) The mean is always equal to the variance

49. Which of the following is a continuous probability

distribution?
a) Binomial distribution
b) Poisson distribution
c) Normal distribution
d) Geometric distribution

50. The Poisson distribution is most appropriate when:

a) The event happens frequently over a fixed interval
b) The sample size is small
c) The probability of success is high
d) The events are mutually dependent

51. According to Chebyshev’s Theorem, at least 75% of data falls

within how many standard deviations from the mean?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

52. The empirical rule states that approximately 99.7% of data

falls within how many standard deviations?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

53. The Z-score is used to determine:

a) How far a value is from the mean
b) The probability of an event
c) The quartiles of a dataset
d) The frequency of a data point
54. If a distribution has a long right tail, it is:
a) Symmetric
b) Positively skewed
c) Negatively skewed
d) Mesokurtic

55. Kurtosis measures:

a) The spread of data
b) The presence of extreme values
c) The number of observations
d) The shape of a box plot

56. If a dataset has excess kurtosis < 0, it is:

a) Leptokurtic
b) Mesokurtic
c) Platykurtic
d) Normally distributed