Encoding, Demultiplexing, Decoding, and Switching Applications

Digital electronics
2012
INTRODUCTION A digital circuit is one that is built with devices with two well-defined states. Such circuits can process information represented in binary form. Systems based on digital circuits touch all aspects our present day lives. The present day home products including: communication systems electronic games electronic house hold appliances office automation products computers with a wide range of capabilities industrial instrumentation Security system control systems electro medical equipment defense and aerospace systems are heavily dependent on digital circuits. In this paper, I try to show some application of digital electronics in communication system
APPLICATION OF DIGITAL SYSTEM IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Digital communication involves the transmission of information in digital form from a source that generates the information to one or more destinations. As describe earlier digital system is intensively used in digital communication system for digital signal processing. Typically in digital modulation, multiplexing, encoding, demultiplexing, decoding, and switching applications
Eyerus Kindie
Digital electronics
2012
Multiplexing Multiplexing is the process of converting parallel data into a serial form. Although data are processed in parallel in many digital systems to achieve faster processing speeds, when it comes to transmitting these data relatively large distances, this is done serially. The parallel arrangement in this case is highly undesirable as it would require a large number of transmission lines. Multiplexers can possibly be used for parallel-to-serial conversion
Fig 1. Multiplexers for Parallel-to-Serial Data Conversion
Encoding Encoding is the process of converting input signals, characters, or numbers into digital code word. An encoder is a multiplexer without its single output line. It is
Eyerus Kindie
Digital electronics
2012
a combinational logic function that has 2n (or fewer) input lines and n output lines, which correspond to n selection lines in a multiplexer. Demultiplexing
Demultiplexing is the process of converting serial data into parallel form at the destination. A demultiplexer is a combinational logic circuit with an input line, 2n output lines and n select lines. It routes the information present on the input line to any of the output lines.
Fig 2. Demultiplexer Decoding is the process of reproducing the original information from the code word. A decoder, as mentioned earlier, is a combinational circuit that decodes the information on n input lines to a maximum of 2n unique output lines.
Eyerus Kindie
Digital electronics
2012
Fig3. 2-to-4 line decoder
ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL COMUNICATION The figure illustrates that the functional diagram and the basic elements of a digital communication system. The source output may be either analog signal, such as audio or video signal, or digital signal such as the output of teletype machine, that is discrete in time and has a finite number of output characteristics. In digital communication system the message produced by the source are converted in to a sequence of binary digits. Ideally, we should like to represent the output (message) by few binary digits as possible. The process of efficiently converting the output of either an analog or digital source in to a sequence of binary digit is called source encoding or data compression. The sequence of binary digits from a source encoder, which we can call the information sequence, is passed to the channel encoder. The purpose of channel encoder is to introduce, in a controlled manner, some redundancy in binary information sequence that can be used at the receiver to overcome the effect of noise and interference encountered in the transmission of the signal though the channel. The binary sequence at the output of the channel encoder is passed to the digital modulator, which serves as the interface to the communications channel. The primary purpose of the digital modulator may simply map the binary information sequence into signal wave forms.
Eyerus Kindie
Digital electronics
2012
The communication channel is the physical medium that is used to send the signal from the transmitter to the receiver. In wireless transmission the channel may be the atmosphere (free space).
At the receiving end of the communication system the digital demodulator processes the channel corrupted transmitted wave form to a sequence of numbers that represent estimates of the transmitted data symbols.
This sequence of number is passed to the channel decoder, which attempts to reconstruct the original information sequence. The final step, when an analog output is desired , the source decoder accepts the output sequence from the channel decoder and from knowledge of the source encoding method used attempts to re construct the original signal from the source.
The output of the source decoder is an approximation of the original source output.
Eyerus Kindie
Digital electronics
2012
Fig 4 Basic Elements of Digital communication
Eyerus Kindie
Digital electronics
2012
REFERENCE 1. John G.proakis, Digital Communications,5th edition. 2. Anil K. Maini, Digital Electronics, Principles, Devices and Applications 3. Kenneth J. Breeding, Digital Design Fundamentals, 2nd edition
Eyerus Kindie

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Digital electronics

Fig 1. Multiplexers for Parallel-to-Serial Data Conversion

Fig3. 2-to-4 line decoder

Fig 4 Basic Elements of Digital communication

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