SAMS Programming Workshop - Python Cheat Sheet

Basic Operations Functions

1​ ​+​ ​2​ ​# addition # sets up a new function, name
2​ ​-​ ​1​ ​ # subtraction # it takes params p1, p2, ... as input
2​ ​*​ ​3​ ​ # multiplication # it returns returnVal as output
def ​name​(​p1, p2, ...​):
4​ ​/​ ​2​ ​ # division
# do stuff here
2​ ** ​3​ ​ # raise to power ​return ​returnVal
"a"​ ​+​ ​"b"​ ​ # combines two strings
# call a function name on vals a, b
Comparison Operations result ​= ​name​(a
​ , b​)
2​ ​< ​3​ ​# less than
"a"​ ​> ​"b"​ ​ # greater than Conditionals
"a"​ ​<= ​"b"​ ​ # less than or equal to # only runs code in the block
# if the expression is True
2​ ​>= ​3​ ​ # greater than or equal to
if ​option ​== True:
"a"​ ​== ​"b"​ ​ # is equal to ​print(​"here"​)
2​ ​!= ​3​ ​ # is not equal to
# run code in a single branch
Boolean Operations # based on the boolean expressions
True and False #​ both must be True if ​option1 ​== True:
True or False ​ #​ at least one True ​print(​"branch 1"​)
elif ​option2 ​== True:
not True ​ ​ flips boolean value
#
​print(​"branch 2"​)
else:
Input and Output ​print(​"branch 3"​)
# prints to the console
print(​"Hello World"​) Loops
# loops until the test is False
# prints multiple items i ​= ​start
print(​"a"​, ​"b"​, ​"c"​) while ​i ​<​ end​:
​print(​i​)
i ​=​ i ​+​ step
# asks the user for input in console
s ​=​ ​input​(​"Enter a thing: "​) # breaks out of loop at some input
while True:
Built-in Functions val ​= ​input​(​"Enter: "​)
x ​=​ ​int​(​s​)​ ​# casts a string to an int ​if ​val ​== ​"something"​:
x ​ = ​float​(​s​)​ ​# casts a string to a float ​break
s ​ = ​str​(​x​)​ ​# casts an int to a string ​print(​val​)
x ​ = ​len​(​s​)​ ​# finds num of letters in str
# loops over the given range
x ​ = ​max​(​a, b, c​)​ ​# max of given numbers # with start, end, step
x​ = ​min​(​a, b, c​)​ ​# min of given numbers for ​i ​in ​range​(​start, end, step​):
x ​ = ​round​(​y, d​)​ ​# rounds y to d sig-digs ​print(​i​)

Variables # loops over the chars in a string

# assigns var x to hold the value 5 for ​c ​in ​string​:
x ​=​ ​5 ​print(​c​)

# uses the value in var x

print(​x ​-​ ​2​)
SAMS Programming Workshop - Python Cheat Sheet

Tkinter Starter Code

# use this to create a window to draw graphics in
from ​tkinter ​import ​*
root ​=​ ​Tk()
width, height ​=​ ​400​, ​400
canvas ​=​ ​Canvas(​root, ​width=​width, ​height=​height​)
canvas.​configure(bd=​0​, h ​ ighlightthickness=​0​)
canvas.​pack()

# Put your code here!

root.​mainloop()

Tkinter Graphics
# draws a rectangle between coords (left, top) and (right, bottom)
canvas.​create_rectangle(​left, top, right, bottom​)

# draws an oval in the bounding box with coords (L, T) and (R, B)
canvas.​create_oval(​L, T, R, B​)

# draws the given text centered at the given coordinate (x, y)

canvas.​create_text(​x, y, ​text=​"sample"​)

# draws a line between the given points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)
canvas.​create_line(​x1, y1, x2, y2​)

# draws a polygon by connecting the given points with lines

canvas.​create_polygon(​x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, ...​)

Tkinter Optional Parameters

# changes the color of the drawn shape
canvas.​create_rectangle(​left, top, right, bottom, ​fill=​"red"​)

# changes the outline color of the drawn shape

canvas.​create_rectangle(​left, top, right, bottom, ​outline=​"yellow"​)

# changes the pixel width of the drawn line or shape's border

canvas.​create_line(​x1, y1, x2, y2, ​width=​5​)

# changes the font of the drawn text- "font-name font-size font-style"

canvas.​create_text(​x, y, ​text=​"sample"​, ​font=​"Times 30 bold"​)

# changes the anchor point for the drawn text

canvas.​create_text(​x, y, ​text=​"sample"​, ​anchor=​NW​)