Scribd
Upload
1 views

SQL Datatypes

The document provides an overview of SQL data types, including number formats (integral and floating-point), text formats (char, varchar, and text), date-time formats, and binary formats. It includes SQL syntax for creating tables and examples of data type usage. Additionally, it discusses the importance of SQL comments for documentation and readability in code.

Uploaded by

aman mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1 views

SQL Datatypes

The document provides an overview of SQL data types, including number formats (integral and floating-point), text formats (char, varchar, and text), date-time formats, and binary formats. It includes SQL syntax for creating tables and examples of data type usage. Additionally, it discusses the importance of SQL comments for documentation and readability in code.

Uploaded by

aman mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Day-01

24-02-2025
Datatypes
===================

SQL Syntax:
create table Employee(
empId number,
empName varchar(30),
salary number
);

Datatypes:
=======
-> The main important data formats in SQL are:
1) Number format
2) Text Format
3) Date-Time format

When we have n-number bits, then the range of values to store


are:
-2^(n-1) to 2^(n-1) - 1
1) Number format
============
-> number format includes:
1) Integral types
------------------
-> The numbers with no decimal point
-> Four types:
i) Tiny int
------------
-> 1-byte => 8-bits
-> range ==> -2^7 to 2^7 - 1 ==> -128 to 127

ii) small int


------------
-> 2-bytes
-> range ==> -2^15 to 2^15 - 1 ==> -32768 to
32767

iii) int
--------
-> 4-bytes
-> range ==> -2^31 to 2^31 - 1

iv) big int


-----------
-> 8-bytes
-> range ==> -2^63 to 2^63 - 1

Ex:
create table employee(
sno tinyint,
age tinyint,
empId smallint,
pin int,
mobile bigint
);

2) Floating-point types
--------------------------
-> numbers with decimal point.
-> three types:
1) float
--------
-> when a floating-point number needs to define with
up to 16 places before and after the decimal point, we can use
"float".
Ex: salary float;
56000.7910

2) double
---------
-> when a floating-point number needs to define with
up to 32 places before and after the decimal point, we can use
"double".
Ex: bankBalance double;

3) decimal
----------
-> when a floating-point number needs to define with
up to 32 places before and after the decimal point, we can use
"decimal".
-> for the decimal value, we cannot apply the
approximation.

round()/approx()
round(9.7)/approx.(9.7) ==> 10
round(9.2)/approx.(9.2) ==> 9

2) Text Format:
===========
-> Can always allowed to define with single quote or double
quotes.
-> can define in three ways:
1) char()
---------
-> When we can create a column with char type,
each character holds the memory of 1-byte.
Syntax:
column-name char(size);
Here:
size ==> positive (>0)
When we have specified the size of the column data,
according to the specified size the memory can be created.
Ex: empName char(30);
empName = "Ravi Kumar";
Here:
the specified size ==> 30
So, the memory can be created as: 30-bytes
into this, only 9 characters (9-bytes) can be used to
store and remaining are to be wasted.
-> modifications of the data bit faster.

2) varchar()
------------
-> When we can create a column with varchar type,
each character holds the memory of 1-byte.
Syntax:
column-name varchar(size);
Here:
size ==> positive (>0)
The varchar is not based on the memory which has
specified. It is always based on the value what we have assigned.
Ex: empName varchar(30);
empName = "Ravi Kumar";
-> From the above:
created memory ==> 9-bytes for total 9-chars
-> modification of the data is slower.

3) text
=======
-> huge amount of text data can be represented with "text"
type.

Day-02
25-02-2025
==============
user-name char(30);
user-name = "Ashok IT";

user-name varchar(30);
user-name = "Ashok IT";

Date-time format:
============
-> can be used to store the column fields with date formatted
value or time formatted value or both.
-> can be defined with three datatypes:
1) date
2) time
3) datetime

ex:
create table Student(
stuid smallInt,
stuname varchar(30),
gender char(6),
dob date,
examTime time,
resultedOn datetime,
);
dob = 'yyyy-mm-dd';
ex: dob = '1993-06-20';

examTime = 'HH:MM:SS';
examTime = '15:00:00';

resultedOn = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:SS';


Ex: resultedOn = '2025-02-20 17:10:10';
---------------------------------------------------------

Binary format
=========
-> Normally the files can be categorized into two types:
1) Text Files
--------------
-> can store the data in the text format
Ex: .txt files
2) Binary Files
---------------
-> the data other than the text in the files are called as
"Binary files".
-> The binary data includes: images, zip files, audio
files, video files etc.,
-> The binary formatted data can be represented using two
different datatypes:
1) binary() -> fixed length
2) varbinary() -> variable length
Ex:
create table Files(
fid smallInt;
fileData binary(16);
fileData1 varbinary(521);
);

SQL Comments
=============
-> SQL comments can be used for documentation purpose.
-> SQL comments can increase the readability of the program.
-> comments can allow to write in any where of the program.
-> There are two ways for commenting:
1) Single line commenting -> --
2) Multi-line commenting --> /* */

You might also like