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Self Numpy

NumPy is a Python library for efficient array manipulation and numerical computing, created in 2005. It provides an array object called ndarray, which is significantly faster than traditional Python lists and supports operations in linear algebra and statistics. Users can install NumPy via pip and import it as 'np' for concise coding, allowing for the creation and manipulation of multi-dimensional arrays.

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11 views6 pages

Self Numpy

NumPy is a Python library for efficient array manipulation and numerical computing, created in 2005. It provides an array object called ndarray, which is significantly faster than traditional Python lists and supports operations in linear algebra and statistics. Users can install NumPy via pip and import it as 'np' for concise coding, allowing for the creation and manipulation of multi-dimensional arrays.

Uploaded by

sanjitkumarnew12
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT 2

NUMPY LIBRARAY Ricky


 NumPy is a Python library used for working with arrays.

 It also has functions for working in domain of linear algebra, fourier


transform, and matrices.

 NumPy was created in 2005 by Travis Oliphant. It is an open source


project and you can use it freely.

 NumPy stands for Numerical Python.

 The need of numpy:

 In Python we have lists that serve the purpose of arrays,


but they are slow to process.
 NumPy aims to provide an array object that is up to 50x
faster than traditional Python lists.
 The array object in NumPy is called ndarray, it provides a
lot of supporting functions that make working with ndarray
very easy.

 Arrays are very frequently used in data science, where


speed and resources are very important.

1. Installation of NumPy

NumPy is a powerful library for numerical computing in Python. It must be


installed before usage. Install it using pip:

pip install numpy

2. Importing NumPy

After installing NumPy, it must be imported into your Python script. It’s a
common practice to import NumPy as np to save time when referencing the
library:

import numpy as np

3. Using numpy as np

Using import numpy as np is a convention to make code concise and


readable.
All NumPy operations can be done using the alias np.

Example:

array = np.array([1, 2, 3])

print(array)

4. NumPy as ndarray

An ndarray is the core data structure in NumPy, representing N-dimensional


arrays. It can hold elements of the same type (integers, floats, etc.) and
provides efficient operations on large datasets.

Example:

array = np.array([1, 2, 3])

print(type(array)) # Output: <class 'numpy.ndarray'>

ndarray is useful for operations like matrix manipulations, element-wise


arithmetic, and statistical functions.

5. Dimensions in Arrays

When creating an array in NumPy, several parameters can be used:

object: The input data (like a list, tuple, or another array).

dtype: The desired data type of the array, e.g., int, float.

copy: If True, the data is copied. If False, changes in the original object will
reflect in the array.

order: Memory layout for the array. 'C' is row-major (C-style), 'F' is column-
major (Fortran-style).
subok: If True, subclasses of ndarray are passed. If False, the base class is
forced.

ndmin: Specifies the minimum number of dimensions for the output array.

Example:

array = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype='float', ndmin=2)

print(array)

# Output: [[1. 2. 3.]] (2D array)

In this example, the ndmin parameter forces the array to have at least two
dimensions.

6. Creating an Array Using a List

You can create a NumPy array from a Python list. This is the most basic way
to create a NumPy array:

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]

array = np.array(my_list)

print(array)

# Output: [1 2 3 4]

Here, a Python list is passed to np.array() to create a 1D array.

7. 0D Array (Zero-Dimensional Array)

A 0D array is also known as a scalar. It represents a single value.

Example:

array = np.array(42)
print(array.ndim) # Output: 0

Here, the array has no dimensions, as it holds a single value.

8. 1D Array, 2D Array, and 3D Array in NumPy

1D Array: A simple array with a single list of elements.

array = np.array([1, 2, 3])

print(array.ndim) # Output: 1

2D Array: An array that consists of rows and columns (a matrix).

array = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])

print(array.ndim) # Output: 2

3D Array: An array containing multiple 2D matrices (a cube of values).

array = np.array([[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]]])

print(array.ndim) # Output: 3

The ndim attribute tells you the number of dimensions of the array.

9. Check the Number of Dimensions

You can check the number of dimensions in an array using .ndim. This
attribute returns an integer representing the number of axes or dimensions.

array = np.array([1, 2, 3])

print(array.ndim) # Output: 1

10. Higher-Dimensional Arrays

NumPy supports arrays of more than 3 dimensions. For instance, you can
create a 5D array using the ndmin parameter.

Example:

array = np.array([1, 2, 3], ndmin=5)


print(array)

print(array.ndim) # Output: 5

11. Anatomy of an Array

Arrays in NumPy consist of several key elements:

Axis: Each dimension of the array is called an axis.

Axis 0 refers to the rows.

Axis 1 refers to the columns.

Shape: The shape of an array is a tuple that tells how many elements are in
each dimension.

array = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])

print(array.shape) # Output: (3, 2)

The array has 3 rows and 2 columns, so the shape is (3, 2).

Q: Describe the Axis in Python

In NumPy, axis specifies the dimension along which operations are


performed:

Axis 0 runs vertically (rows).

Axis 1 runs horizontally (columns).

For example, summing along axis 0 adds up all the elements in each column:

array = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])

print(np.sum(array, axis=0)) # Output: [4 6] (column sum)

Summing along axis 1 adds up all the elements in each row:

print(np.sum(array, axis=1)) # Output: [3 7] (row sum)


12. Reshaping Arrays

Reshaping arrays means changing the number of dimensions while keeping


the same data. The total number of elements must remain the same.

Example:

array = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

reshaped = array.reshape(2, 3)

print(reshaped)

# Output:

# [[1 2 3]

# [4 5 6]]

In this case, the 1D array [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] is reshaped into a 2D array with 2


rows and 3 columns.

Reshape Notes:

The new shape must be compatible with the number of elements in the
original array.

Use -1 in reshape() to automatically calculate one dimension based on the


size of the other dimensions:

reshaped = array.reshape(3, -1)

print(reshaped)

# Output:

# [[1 2]

# [3 4]

# [5 6]]

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