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Digital (Exp - 11)

The document outlines an experiment to study the encoding and decoding of linear block codes, specifically the (7,4) Hamming Code. It details the use of generator and parity-check matrices for encoding and error detection, demonstrating the process through MATLAB code. The experiment successfully illustrates single-bit error correction and retrieval of the original message.

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5 views3 pages

Digital (Exp - 11)

The document outlines an experiment to study the encoding and decoding of linear block codes, specifically the (7,4) Hamming Code. It details the use of generator and parity-check matrices for encoding and error detection, demonstrating the process through MATLAB code. The experiment successfully illustrates single-bit error correction and retrieval of the original message.

Uploaded by

amritapandey0424
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment - 11

Aim:
To study encoding and decoding of linear block codes.

Theory:
Linear block codes are a category of error-correcting codes commonly used in digital communication systems. A

linear block code is denoted as (n, k), where k represents the number of data bits and n is the total number of bits

in the codeword after adding redundancy for error correction.

The (7,4) Hamming Code is a classic example that takes 4 data bits and encodes them into 7-bit codewords

by appending 3 parity bits. It has the capability to detect up to two-bit errors and correct one-bit errors.

Encoding is performed using a Generator Matrix (G), and decoding uses a Parity-Check Matrix (H) to compute

the syndrome. The syndrome helps to identify and correct the position of any single-bit error in the codeword.

MATLAB Code:
clc;
clear;

% Generator matrix G for (7,4) Hamming Code


G = [1 0 0 0 1 1 0;
0 1 0 0 1 0 1;
0 0 1 0 0 1 1;
0 0 0 1 1 1 1];

% Parity-check matrix H
H = [1 1 0 1 1 0 0;
1 0 1 1 0 1 0;
0 1 1 1 0 0 1];

% Input 4-bit message


msg = [1 0 1 1]; % You can change this input

% Encoding
codeword = mod(msg * G, 2);
disp('Encoded Codeword:');
disp(codeword);

% Simulate an error in transmission (introducing a single-bit error)


received = codeword;
received(3) = mod(received(3) + 1, 2); % Introducing error at 3rd bit
disp('Received Codeword with Error:');
disp(received);

% Syndrome calculation
syndrome = mod(H * received', 2);
disp('Syndrome:');
disp(syndrome');

% Find error position using syndrome


syndrome_decimal = bi2de(syndrome', 'left-msb');
if syndrome_decimal ~= 0
fprintf('Error detected at position: %d\n', syndrome_decimal);
received(syndrome_decimal) = mod(received(syndrome_decimal) + 1, 2);
disp('Corrected Codeword:');
disp(received);
else
disp('No error detected.');
end

% Decoding (Extract original message)


decoded_msg = received(1:4);
disp('Decoded Message:');
disp(decoded_msg);

Output:
Encoded Codeword:
1 0 1 1 0 0 1

Received Codeword with Error:


1 0 0 1 0 0 1

Syndrome:
1 1 0

Error detected at position: 3

Corrected Codeword:
1 0 1 1 0 0 1

Decoded Message:
1 0 1 1

Observations:
- The encoded 7-bit codeword correctly incorporates parity for error detection and correction.

- A single-bit error was introduced during transmission.


- The syndrome detected the error and identified its position.

- The error was successfully corrected, and the original message was accurately retrieved.

Conclusion:

The (7,4) Hamming Code effectively encodes 4-bit messages into 7-bit codewords, allowing for single-bit

error correction. Using generator and parity-check matrices in MATLAB, the experiment demonstrates

successful encoding, error detection, correction, and decoding.

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