SQL PRO 2025 Cheatsheet Students, Interns & Job-Ready Devs By- @helloworld_avaniSQL Pro Cheatsheet 2025 Basic SQL Syntax Select from a table SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name; (@ Filter rows SELECT * FROM table WHERE condition; (@ Sort results SELECT * FROM table ORDER BY column ASC/DESC; Remove duplicates SELECT DISTINCT column FROM table; Filtering & Conditions (ESELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > 50800 AND department = ‘HR'; SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE 'A%'; MESELECT * FROM users WHERE age BETWEEN 18 AND 25; (@BSELECT * FROM customers WHERE country IN (‘India’, ‘USA‘); Aggregate Functions GESELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders; (ESELECT SUM(amount) FROM sales; (ESELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees; (EISELECT MIN(price), MAX(price) FROM products; By- @helloworld_avanGROUP BY & HAVING [ESELECT department, COUNT(*) FROM employees GROUP BY department; MESELECT department, COUNT(*) FROM employees GROUP BY department HAVING COUNT(*) > 5; SQL Joins JOIN TYPE Description INNER Matching rows in both tables LEFT All from left + matched right RIGHT All from right + matched left FULL All from both, matched & unmatched MMISELECT * FROM orders o JOIN customers c ON o.customer_id = c.id; Subqueries & Aliases GESELECT name FROM employees WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees) ; IESELECT name AS EmployeeName FROM users; CASE Statement SELECT name, CASE WHEN score >= 98 THEN ‘A’ WHEN score >= 80 THEN 'B’ ELSE 'C’ END AS grade FROM students; By- @helloworld_avaniWindow Functions WESELECT name, salary, RANK() OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) AS rank FROM employees; WBESELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY department ORDER BY salary DESC) FROM employees; String & Date Functions String Functions: I UPPER(name) HE LOWER (name) ELENGTH(name) WESUBSTRING(name, 1, 3) Date Functions: IM CURRENT_DATE Wnow() IM DATE_ADD(order_date, INTERVAL 7 DAY) IE DATEDIFF(end_date, start_date) WBEXTRACT(YEAR FROM birth_date) Data Types (For Table Creation) IBINT, FLOAT, VARCHAR(255), TEXT, DATE, BOOLEAN IMICREATE TABLE users (id INT, name VARCHAR(18@), is_active BOOLEAN); Table Operations (DDL) WECREATE TABLE employees (id INT, name TEXT); WBALTER TABLE employees ADD COLUMN salary INT; IMDROP TABLE employees; GBALTER TABLE employees RENAME TO staff; By- @helloworld_avaniInsert, Update, Delete (DML) IBINSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (‘Avani', 25); MBuPDATE users SET age = 26 WHERE name = ‘Avani’; MMEDELETE FROM users WHERE age < 20; Constraints (MPPRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE, NOT NULL, DEFAULT, CHECK (EICREATE TABLE orders (id INT PRIMARY KEY, amount FLOAT CHECK (amount > @)); Indexes & Optimization WICREATE INDEX idx_name ON employees(name) ; MMDROP INDEX idx_name; IBEXPLAIN SELECT * FROM orders WHERE customer_id = 5; Views (ECREATE VIEW active_users AS SELECT * FROM users WHERE is_active = TRUE; (MISELECT * FROM active_users; Stored Procedures & Functions CREATE PROCEDURE GetTotalorders() BEGIN SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders; END; By- @helloworld_avaniTransactions W@secin; WISAVEPOINT beforeUpdate; i commit; GEROLLBACK TO beforeUpdate; CTE (Common Table Expressions) WITH high-earners AS ( SELECT name, salary FROM employees WHERE salary > 100000 ) SELECT * FROM high_earners; Set Operators: UNION / INTERSECT / EXCEPT (BESELECT name FROM table1 UNION SELECT name FROM table2; SELECT name FROM tablel INTERSECT SELECT name FROM table2; IMESELECT name FROM table1 EXCEPT SELECT name FROM table2; JSON & ARRAY Functions (Modern SQL) SELECT JSON_EXTRACT(data, ‘$.name') FROM users; MISELECT ARRAY_AGG(name) FROM employees; Comment ‘SQL for PDF version of this post By- @helloworld_avani