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Detailed IR Document 3

Web search engines utilize crawlers to index web content by fetching pages and following links, facing challenges like duplicate content and dynamic pages. The Vector Space Model represents documents as vectors, allowing for relevance measurement through cosine similarity, implemented using TfidfVectorizer in Python. While effective for information retrieval, the model's limitation is its treatment of words independently, which can be mitigated by extensions like LSI and word embeddings.

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9 views2 pages

Detailed IR Document 3

Web search engines utilize crawlers to index web content by fetching pages and following links, facing challenges like duplicate content and dynamic pages. The Vector Space Model represents documents as vectors, allowing for relevance measurement through cosine similarity, implemented using TfidfVectorizer in Python. While effective for information retrieval, the model's limitation is its treatment of words independently, which can be mitigated by extensions like LSI and word embeddings.

Uploaded by

Vk Tech
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Web Search and Crawling

Web search engines use crawlers (also called spiders or bots) to systematically browse and
index the web. Crawling involves fetching web pages and following links to discover new
content. The indexed pages are then used to serve search results. Challenges in crawling
include dealing with duplicate content, dynamic pages, and ensuring coverage. Effective
crawling is essential for comprehensive and up-to-date IR systems.

Vector Space Model with Scikit-learn


The Vector Space Model represents documents as vectors.

Example: Using TfidfVectorizer in scikit-learn

```python
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer
docs = ["IR is fun", "Information retrieval is important"]
vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer()
X = vectorizer.fit_transform(docs)
print(X.toarray())
```
Each row is a document vector. Cosine similarity can measure relevance.

Implementing the Vector Space Model


in Python
The Vector Space Model represents documents and queries as vectors. Cosine similarity
measures the angle between them to determine relevance.

Using `TfidfVectorizer` to compute vectors:

```python
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer
docs = ["information retrieval", "retrieval of data", "search engine"]
vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer()
X = vectorizer.fit_transform(docs)
print(X.toarray())
```
Calculating cosine similarity:

```python
from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import cosine_similarity
similarity = cosine_similarity(X[0:1], X)
print("Similarity scores:", similarity)
```

This model supports partial matching and ranking. Its limitation is treating words
independently without semantic relationships. Extensions like LSI and word embeddings
address these issues.

The vector space model is widely used in practical IR applications such as search engines
and document classification systems.

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