8. Select OK.

Outline Data
Outlining provides structure to your worksheet to quickly hide or display detail and summary
information.

Here’s how to create an outline. Use the following procedure.

1. Select the range of cells to include in the outline.

2. Select the Data tab from the Ribbon.

3. Select the small square in the corner of the Outline group.

4. In the Settings dialog box, check the direction of the summary rows and columns.
5. Check the Automatic styles box to have Excel automatically apply styles to the outline.

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 6. Select Create.

Viewing Grouped and Outlined Data

When you have added groups or created an outline, either manually or automatically, Excel includes
several features to make it easy to view different parts of the data at once.

Here’s how to work with grouped or outlined data.

The Show Detail and Hide Detail tools allow you to quickly show or hide the detail data. You can use the
tools multiple times to expand or collapse multiple levels of data.

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The + icons indicate hiding detail data. Select a + to expand. Select a – to collapse.The numbers in the
top left corner indicate a level. Click on a number to show that level.

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 Whenever you are asked if you can do a job, tell
'em, 'Certainly I can!' Then get busy and find out
how to do it.

Theodore Roosevelt

Create Tables

Table’s help you sort, filter, and summarize data. Table’s data is managed independently from data in
the other rows and columns on the worksheet. In this module, you’ll learn to create and manage tables,
apply styles and configure table style options, and work with filtering and sorting strategies.

Create and Manage Tables

Create an Excel Table from a Cell Range

Create a table to access additional tools.

Here’s how to create a table from an existing cell range.

1. Select the cells you’d like to convert to a table.

2. On the Home tab of the Ribbon, select Format as Table.
3. Select a starting Table Style. The options are organized into Custom, Light, Medium, and Dark
styles.

4. In the Format As Table dialog box, check the My table contains headersbox if you want the first
selected row to be treated as table headers.

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 5. Select OK to create the table.The data is now formatted as a table, with filtering options in the
column headers.

Add or Remove Table Rows and Columns

When working in a table, the Insert and Delete tools on the Home tab of the Ribbon include additional
options specific to a table.

Here’s how to add a row or column to a table.

1. Select a cell adjacent to where you’d like to insert the row.

2. Select Insert from the Home tab on the Ribbon.

3. Select Insert Table Rows Above to add a row, or select either Insert Table Columns to the Left
or Insert Table Columns to the Right to add a column.

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Here’s how to delete a row or column from a table.

1. Select a cell in the row you’d like to delete.

2. Select Delete from the Home tab on the Ribbon.
3. Select Delete Table Rows or Delete Table Columns.

Convert a Table to a Cell Range

If you no longer need data separated as a table, you can return it to cell range.

Here’s how to create a cell range from a table.

1. Select the table you’d like to convert to a cell range.

2. Select the Table Tools Design tab on the Ribbon.
3. Select Convert to Range.

4. In the confirmation window, selectYes.

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The table is converted to a cell range.

Manage Table Styles and Options

Apply Styles to Tables

The Table Styles gallery includes a number of pre-built border and shading options to help you style your
table quickly.

Here’s how to apply a table style.

1. Place your cursor anywhere in the tableyou want to style.

2. Select the TABLE TOOLS DESIGN tab on the Ribbon.

3. Select the style that you want to apply. You can select the arrow at the bottom of the Table
Styles group to see additional options categorized as Custom, Light, Medium and Dark.

Configure Table Style Options

The Table Style options allows you to control special formatting in your table.

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Here’s how to change the Table Style Options.

1. Place your cursor anywhere in the tableyou want to style.

2. Select the TABLE TOOLS DESIGN tab on the Ribbon.
3. Check the HeaderRow, FirstColumn, or LastColumn boxes to customize the format.
4. If you’d like to alternate shading, check the Banded Rows and/orBanded Columnsboxes.

Insert Total Rows

One of the advantages to formatting data as a table is the option to quickly see a total.

Here’s how to add a table row.

1. Place your cursor anywhere in the tableyou want to style.

2. Select the TABLE TOOLS DESIGN tab on the Ribbon.
3. Check the Total Rowbox to see the total.

Filter and Sort a Table

Filter Records
When your data is formatted as a table, you can easily filter your data.A filter removes some data from
your table, allowing you to focus on one or more aspects of the data.

Here’s how to apply a filter.

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 1. Select the arrow next to the column header for the column including type of data you want to
filter.

2. Clear the SELECTALL check box to clear all boxes. Check one or more boxes from the items that
are taken from your data. Select OK to apply the filter.

Excel only shows the rows that match the filter. The other rows are still present, but hidden.

Clear Filters
Excel displays a filter icon in the column header to indicate that you’ve applied a filter to that column.

Here’s how to clear a filter.

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 1. Select the arrow next to the column header for the filtered column.

2. Select Clear Filter From. This option will have additional text customized to the specific filter you
have applied.

The filter is immediately removed and the data returned to the unfiltered state (for that column).

Use a Number Filter or Text Filter

Above the specific options taken from the column of data you want to filter is a Text Filter or Number
Filter option, depending on which type of data your column contains.

Here’s how to apply a text filter.

1. Select the arrow next to the column header for the column including the value you want to
filter.
2. Select TEXT FILTERS.
3. Select the type of text filter you want to apply.

4. In the Custom AutoFilter dialog box, enter the letter(s) or text you want to use as the filter.

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 5. Select OK. The table is filtered to show matching records.

Here’s how to apply a number filter.

1. Select the arrow next to the column header for the column including the value you want to
filter.
2. Select NUMBER FILTERS.
3. Select the type of number filter you want to apply.

4. In the Custom AutoFilter dialog box, enter the letter(s) or text you want to use as the filter.

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 5. Select OK. The table is filtered to show matching records.

Change Sort Order

Sorting places selected data in a new order.

Here’s how to create a custom sort. Use the following procedure.

1. Select one column header you want to use in your sort.

2. Select the Sort & Filter tool from the Ribbon.

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 3. Select Custom Sort.

Excel opens the Sort dialog box.

4. You can choose the first column by which to sort from the Sort By drop down list. The options
displayed match the column headers in your worksheet.
5. Select an option from the Sort On drop down list. Values is selected by default.
6. Select an Order from the drop down list.

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 7. Select OK when you have finished setting up your sort to see the results.

Sort Data by Multiple Columns

The Custom Sort dialog box allows you to sort based on more than one column for more advanced
options.

1. Select one column header you want to use in your sort.

2. Select the Sort & Filter tool from the Ribbon.

3. Select Custom Sort.

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Excel opens the Sort dialog box.

4. You can choose the first column by which to sort from the Sort By drop down list. The options
displayed match the column headers in your worksheet.
5. Select an option from the Sort On drop down list. Values is selected by default.
6. Select an Order from the drop down list.

7. To add another column to your sort, select Add Level. Repeat steps 4, 5, and 6 for the next
sorting level.

8. You can Delete the Level, Copy a Level, and rearrange the order of the sorting levels by using
the up or down arrows.

9. Select OK when you have finished setting up your sort to see the results.

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Remove Duplicate Records
When working with large worksheets with lots of data, it’s possible to find data that has been entered or
imported in a way to create duplicates.

Here’s how to check for duplicate data. Use the following procedure.

1. Place your cursor anywhere in the table with duplicates.

2. Select the Table Tools Design tab from the Ribbon.
3. Select Remove Duplicates.

4. Select the columns you want to check for duplicates. The Select All and UnselectAll tools can
help you manage a large list of columns. The My Data has Headers box indicates whether the
list includes header rows.

5. Select OK.
Excel notifies you of how many duplicates are removed.

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 All which is beautiful and noble is the result of
reason and calculation.

Charles Baudelaire

Perform Operations with Formulas and Functions

Excel’s power lies in its ability to make calculations that help you analyze data. This module explains how
to build the formulas and use the functions that can help you make your calculations. You’ll learn about
formulas, basic functions, conditional functions and using functions to format and modify text.

Building Formulas

Understand Math Basics of Excel

To build formulas, you need to understand how Excel performs calculations. Formulas use operators and
cell references.

Review the different types of operators.

The Arithmetic operators are:

• + Plus Sign – Adds values

• – Minus Sign – Subtracts values
• * Asterisk – Multiplies values
• / Forward slash – Divides values
• % Percent sign – Finds the percentage of a value
• ^ Caret – Exponentiation – Finds the exponential value

The Comparison operators are:

• = Equals sign – Equates values

• > Greater than sign – Indicates that one value is greater than the other
• < Less than sign – Indicates that one value is less than the other
• >= Greater than or equal to – Indicates that one value is greater than or equal to the other
• <= Less than or equal to – Indicates that one value is less than or equal to the other
• <> Not Equal – Indicates that values are not equal

Text concatenation allows you to combine text from different cells into a single piece of text. The
operator is the & sign.

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The reference operators combine a range of cells to use together in an operation. The reference
operators are:

• : Colon – A Range operator that produces a reference to all of the cells between the
references on either side of the colon
• , Comma – A Union operator that combines multiple range references
• Space – An intersection operator that returns a reference to the cells common to the
ranges in the formula

Build a Formula
Formulas in Excel have a specific structure.

Here’s how to enter a formula to calculate the Total Value in the sample worksheet.

1. Select the Total Value column for the first product (cell D4).
2. Enter the = sign to begin the formula.
3. Select cell B4 to use it as the first value in the formula. Excel enters the reference as part of the
formula.
4. Enter the * sign.
5. Select cell C4 to use it as the second value in the formula. Excel enters the references as part of
the formula.

6. Press ENTER to complete the formula. Excel moves to the next row and performs the
calculations in the formula.

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Note that if you select the cell, the Formula bar shows the formula, while the cell contents show the
calculation.

Edit a Formula
You can change the operators or cell references in a formula in the Formula bar.

Here’s how to edit a formula. The example uses an incorrect cell reference in a formula.

1. Select the cell with the formula you want to correct to make it active.
2. Select the Formula Bar. Excel highlights the cell references in the current formula.

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 3. Highlight the operator or cell references and either type over with the correct reference or
operator, or select the correct cell to replace a cell reference.

4. Press ENTER to complete the formula. Excel calculates the formula and moves to the next row.

Copy a Formula
In Excel, you often repeat the same formula, changing only the cells you are referencing.

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