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OOPS Unit 1 Polymorphism

Polymorphism, derived from Greek words meaning 'numerous forms', is a key feature of Object-Oriented Programming that allows methods to perform differently based on the object invoking them. It can be categorized into compile-time polymorphism, achieved through method overloading, and run-time polymorphism, which utilizes method overriding. Real-life examples illustrate polymorphism through varying relationships and organ functions, while Java examples demonstrate its implementation in classes and methods.

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9 views15 pages

OOPS Unit 1 Polymorphism

Polymorphism, derived from Greek words meaning 'numerous forms', is a key feature of Object-Oriented Programming that allows methods to perform differently based on the object invoking them. It can be categorized into compile-time polymorphism, achieved through method overloading, and run-time polymorphism, which utilizes method overriding. Real-life examples illustrate polymorphism through varying relationships and organ functions, while Java examples demonstrate its implementation in classes and methods.

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Course :

Paper Code:
Faculty : Dr. Shivanka
Assistant Professor
VIPS
What is Polymorphism?

• The derivation of the word Polymorphism is from two different Greek


words- poly and morphs. “Poly” means numerous, and “Morphs”
means forms. So, polymorphism means innumerable
forms.Polymorphism, therefore, is one of the most significant features
of Object-Oriented Programming.
Real-Life Examples of Polymorphism

• An individual can have different relationships with different people. A


male can be a father, a customer, an employee, and a friend, all at the
same time, i.e. he performs other behaviors in different situations.
Real-Life Examples of Polymorphism

• The human body has different organs. Every organ has a different
function to perform; the heart is responsible for blood flow, the lungs
for breathing, the brain for cognitive activity, and the kidneys for
excretion. So we have a standard method function that performs
differently depending upon the organ of the body.
Polymorphism in Java Example

• A superclass named “Shapes” has a method called “area()”. Subclasses


of “Shapes” can be “Triangle”, “circle”, “Rectangle”, etc. Each
subclass has its way of calculating area. Using Inheritance and
Polymorphism means, the subclasses can use the “area()” method to
find the area’s formula for that shape.
Compile-Time Polymorphism in Java

• Compile Time Polymorphism exist at the tIme of compilation is called


compile time polymorphism in Java is also known as Static
Polymorphism or early binding. .
• C om pi l e -Ti m e pol ym orphi sm i s a c hi e ve d t hroug h M e t h o d
Overloading. This type of polymorphism can also be achieved through
Operator Overloading. However, Java does not support Operator
Overloading.
Compile-Time Polymorphism in Java

• Method Overloading:- whenever a class contain more than


one method or multiple methods with the same name, but
types of parameters and the return type of the methods are
different are called Method Overloading.
• Syntax: return_type method_name(para1);
• return_type method_name(para1,para2);
Compile-Time Polymorphism in Java
package compiletimepolymorphism; void add(int x,double y){

public class methodoverloading{ double c;

void add(){ c=x+y;

int a=10,b=20,c; System.out.println("Addition Value of int x=16 & double y =10.5:");

c=a+b; System.out.println(c);

System.out.println("Addition Value of int a=10 & int b =20: "); }

System.out.println(c);
public static void main(String[] args){
}
methodoverloading r=new methodoverloading();
void add(int x,int y){
r.add();//call add() method with no parameters
int c;
r.add(34,10); //call add() method with two int parameters
c=x+y;
r.add(16,10.5);//call add() method with int and double parameters
System.out.println("Addition Value of parameter int x =34 & int y=10 :
");
System.out.println(c); }

} }
Run Time Polymorphism in Java
Example class Main {
public class polymorphismshapes {
public void area() { public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("The formula for area of "); polymorphismshapes myShape = new
polymorphismshapes();
}} // Create a polymorphismshapes class object
class Triangle extends polymorphismshapes{ polymorphismshapes myTriangle = new Triangle();
public void area(){ // Create a Triangle object
System.out.println("Triangle is ½ * base * height "); polymorphismshapes myCircle = new Circle();
}} // Create a Circle object
class Circle extends polymorphismshapes { myShape.area();
public void area() { myTriangle.area();
System.out.println("Circle is 3.14 * radius * radius "); myShape.area();
}} myCircle.area();
}}
Polymorphism in Java Example

• Output:
• The formula for the area of the Triangle is ½ * base * height
• The formula for the area of the Circle is 3.14 * radius * radius
• In this process, an overridden method is called through the reference
variable of a superclass. The determination of the method to be called
is based on the object being referred to by the reference variable.

• Let's first understand the upcasting before Runtime Polymorphism.

• Upcasting
• If the reference variable of Parent class refers to the object of Child
class, it is known as upcasting. For example
Run-Time Polymorphism

class Square extends Shape {


class Shape { @Override
public void draw() { public void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing a shape"); System.out.println("Drawing a square");
} }
} }
class Circle extends Shape { class Main {
@Override public static void main(String[] args) {
Shape s1 = new Circle();
public void draw() {
Shape s2 = new Square();
System.out.println("Drawing a circle");
s1.draw(); // Output: "Drawing a circle"
}
s2.draw(); // Output: "Drawing a square"
}
}}
Output
• The program will
output: “Drawing a
circle” and “Drawing a
square

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