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Blood Chemistry Tests and Logy Reference Values

This document lists reference values and clinical significance for various blood chemistry and hematology tests. It provides normal ranges for tests such as blood urea nitrogen, carbon dioxide, chloride, creatinine, glucose, potassium, sodium, liver enzymes, cholesterol, lipoproteins, magnesium, phosphorus, proteins, thyroid hormones, triglycerides, and uric acid. Elevated or decreased levels can indicate conditions like kidney disease, diabetes, liver disease, heart disease, malnutrition, and more. The tests are useful for diagnosing and monitoring diseases, as well as monitoring drug effects and metabolic function.

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Marggie Salao
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146 views4 pages

Blood Chemistry Tests and Logy Reference Values

This document lists reference values and clinical significance for various blood chemistry and hematology tests. It provides normal ranges for tests such as blood urea nitrogen, carbon dioxide, chloride, creatinine, glucose, potassium, sodium, liver enzymes, cholesterol, lipoproteins, magnesium, phosphorus, proteins, thyroid hormones, triglycerides, and uric acid. Elevated or decreased levels can indicate conditions like kidney disease, diabetes, liver disease, heart disease, malnutrition, and more. The tests are useful for diagnosing and monitoring diseases, as well as monitoring drug effects and metabolic function.

Uploaded by

Marggie Salao
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Blood Chemistry Tests and Haematology Reference Values

TEST Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) NORMAL VALUE* 7-18 mg/dL CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Increased in renal disease and dehydration; decreased in liver damage and malnutrition Carbon dioxide (CO2) (includes bicarbonate) 23-30 mmol/L Useful to evaluate acid-base balance by measuring total carbon dioxide in the blood: Elevated in vomiting and pulmonary disease; decreased in diabetic acidosis, acute renal failure, and hyperventilation Chloride (Cl) 98-106 mEq/L Increased in dehydration, hyperventilation, and congestive heart failure; decreased in vomiting,diarrhea, and fever Creatinine 0.6-1.2 mg/dL Produced at a constant rate and excreted by the kidney; increased in kidney disease Glucose Fasting: 70-110 mg/dL Random: 85-125 mg/dL Increased in diabetes and severe illness; decreased in insulin overdose or hypoglycemia Potassium (K) 3.5-5 mEq/L Increased in renal failure, extensive cell damage, and acidosis; decreased in vomiting, diarrhea, and excess administration of diuretics or IV fluids Sodium (Na) 101-111 mEq/L or 135148 mEq/L (depending on test) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 10-40 U/L Increased in dehydration and diabetes insipidus; decreased in overload of IV fluids, burns,diarrhea, or vomiting Used to diagnose and monitor treatment of liver disease and

to monitor the effects of drugs on the liver; increased in myocardial infarction Albumin 3.8-5.0 g/dL Albumin holds water in blood; decreased in liver disease and kidney disease Albumin-globulin ratio (A/G ratio) Greater than 1 Low A/G ratio signifies a tendency for edema because globulin is less effective than albumin at holding water in the blood Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 20-70 U/L (varies by method) Amylase 21-160 U/L Enzyme of bone metabolism; increased in liver disease and metastatic bone disease Used to diagnose and monitor treatment of acute pancreatitis and to detect inflammation of the salivary glands Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 0-41 U/L (varies) Enzyme present in tissues with high metabolic activity; increased in myocardial infarction and liver disease Bilirubin, total 0.2-1.0 mg/dL Breakdown product of hemoglobin from red blood cells; increased when excessive red blood cells are being destroyed or in liver disease Calcium (Ca) 8.8-10.0 mg/dL Increased in excess parathyroid hormone production and in cancer; decreased in alkalosis, elevated phosphate in renal failure, and excess IV fluids Cholesterol 120-220 mg/dL desirable range Screening test used to evaluate risk of heart disease; levels of 200 mg/dL or above indicate increased risk of heart disease and warrant further investigation Creatine phosphokinase (CPK or Men: 38-174 U/L Women: Elevated enzyme level indicates

CK)

96-140 U/L

myocardial infarction or damage to skeletal muscle. When elevated,specific fractions (isoenzymes) are tested for

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) Globulins

Men: 6-26 U/L Women: 418 U/L 2.3-3.5 g/dL

Used to diagnose liver disease and to test for chronic alcoholism Proteins active in immunity; help albumin keep water in blood

Iron, serum (Fe)

Men: 75-175 g/dL Women:65-165 /dL

Decreased in iron deficiency and anemia; increased in hemolytic conditions Used to evaluate the risk of heart disease Enzyme released in many kinds of tissue damage, including myocardial infarction, pulmonary infarction, and liver disease

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH or LD)

Men: 30-70 mg/dL Women:30-85 mg/dL 95-200 U/L (Normal ranges vary greatly)

Lipase Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) Magnesium (Mg)

4-24 U/L (varies with test) 80-140 mg/dL 1.3-2.1 mEq/L

Enzyme used to diagnose pancreatitis Used to evaluate the risk of heart disease Vital in neuromuscular function; decreased levels may occur in malnutrition, alcoholism, pancreatitis, diarrhea

Phosphorus ((Page*)) (inorganic)

2.7-4.5 mg/dL

Evaluated in response to calcium; main store is in bone: elevated in kidney disease; decreased in excess parathyroid hormone

Protein, total

6-8 g/dL

Increased in dehydration, multiple myeloma;decreased in kidney disease, liver disease, poor nutrition, severe burns, excessive bleeding

Serum glutamic oxalacetic

>

See Aspartate aminotransferase

transaminase (SGOT) Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) Thyroxin (T4) 5-12.5 g/dL (varies) >

(AST) See Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Screening test of thyroid function; increased in hyperthyroidism; decreased in myxedema and hypothyroidism

Thyroid-stimulatinghormone (TSH)

0.5-6 mlU/L

Produced by pituitary to promote thyroid gland function; elevated when thyroid gland is not functioning

Triiodothyronine (T3) Triglycerides

120-195 mg/dL Men: 40-160 mg/dL Women: 35-135 mg/dL

Elevated in specific types of hyperthyroidism An indication of ability to metabolize fats; increased triglycerides and cholesterol indicate high risk of atherosclerosis

Uric acid

Men: 3.5-7.2 mg/dL Women:2.6-6.0 mg/dL

Produced by breakdown of ingested purines in food and nucleic acids; elevated in kidney disease, gout, and leukemia

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