Anna University Regional Campus - Tirunelveli

Tirunelveli - 627007

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NAME : ………….…………………………………………………

REGISTER NUMBER : …………………………………………………………….

PROGRAMME : ………….…………………………………………………

COURSE CODE & TITLE : ………….………………………………………………….

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Certified that this is a Bonafide Record of Practical Work Done

by Mr. /Ms. in the
Laboratory during the Period of

2024-2025.

DATE:

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Submitted for the Practical Held On …………………………………………..

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 Index
S. Staff
Date Experiment Title Page No
No Signature
 T-pyramid of an image.

AIM

ALGORITHM

1
OUTPUT

2
 PROGRAM

import cv2
def build_t_pyramid(image_path):
img = cv2.imread(image_path)
levels = [img] # Level 0 (original)
for i in range(4):
img = cv2.pyrDown(img)
levels.append(img)
for i, level in enumerate(levels):
cv2.imshow(f'Level {i}', level)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
build_t_pyramid('animal.jpg')

RESULT

3
4
 QUAD TREE

AIM

ALGORITHM

5
OUTPUT

6
PROGRAM

import cv2
import numpy as np
def quad_tree(image_path):
img = cv2.imread(image_path)
img_copy = img.copy()
h, w, _ = img.shape
def split(x, y, w, h):
region = img[y:y+h, x:x+w]
gray = cv2.cvtColor(region, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
if w <= 16 or h <= 16 or np.std(gray) < 10:
cv2.rectangle(img_copy, (x, y), (x+w, y+h), (0, 255, 0), 1)
else:
split(x, y, w//2, h//2)
split(x+w//2, y, w//2, h//2)
split(x, y+h//2, w//2, h//2)
split(x+w//2, y+h//2, w//2, h//2)
split(0, 0, w, h)
cv2.imshow('Quad Tree RGB', img_copy)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
quad_tree('computer_boy.jpg')

RESULT

7
OUTPUT

8
 GEOMETRIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF AN IMAGE

AIM

ALGORITHM

9
10
PROGRAM

import cv2

import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('animal.jpg')

h, w = img.shape[:2]

rotated = cv2.warpAffine(img, cv2.getRotationMatrix2D((w//2, h//2), 45, 1), (w, h))

scaled = cv2.resize(img, (w//2, h//2))

skewed = cv2.warpAffine(img, np.float32([[1, 0.3, 0], [0.3, 1, 0]]), (w, h))

M_affine = cv2.getAffineTransform(np.float32([[50,50],[200,50],[50,200]]),

np.float32([[10,100],[200,50],[100,250]]))

affine = cv2.warpAffine(img, M_affine, (w, h))

M_persp = cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(np.float32([[0,0],[w-1,0],[0,h-1],[w-1,h-1]]),

np.float32([[0,0],[w-50,50],[50,h-50],[w-1,h-1]]))

bilinear = cv2.warpPerspective(img, M_persp, (w, h))

cv2.imshow('Original', img)

cv2.imshow('Rotated', rotated)

cv2.imshow('Scaled', scaled)

cv2.imshow('Skewed', skewed)

cv2.imshow('Affine', affine)

cv2.imshow('Bilinear', bilinear)

cv2.waitKey(0)

cv2.destroyAllWindows()

RESULT

11
12
 OBJECT DETECTION AND RECOGNITION

AIM

ALGORITHM

13
OUTPUT

14
PROGRAM

from ultralytics import YOLO

import cv2
model = YOLO('yolov8n.pt') # 'n' = nano (small and
fast model)
img = cv2.imread('things.jpg')
results = model.predict(source=img, save=False,
conf=0.5)
for r in results:
for box in r.boxes:
x1, y1, x2, y2 = map(int, box.xyxy[0])
label = model.names[int(box.cls[0])]
conf = box.conf[0]
cv2.rectangle(img, (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (0, 255, 0), 2)
cv2.putText(img, f"{label} {conf:.2f}", (x1, y1-10),
cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, (0, 255, 0), 2)
cv2.imshow('YOLOv8 Detection', img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

RESULT :

15
16
 MOTION ANALYSIS USING MOVING EDGES

AIM

ALGORITHM
OUTPUT
 PROGRAM

import cv2
cap = cv2.VideoCapture('video.mp4')
ret, prev = cap.read()
while cap.isOpened():
ret, frame = cap.read()
if not ret:
break
diff = cv2.absdiff(prev, frame)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(diff, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
_, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 30, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
contours,_=cv2.findContours(thresh,cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
for c in contours:
if cv2.contourArea(c) > 500:
x, y, w, h = cv2.boundingRect(c)
cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x+w, y+h), (0, 255, 0), 2)
cv2.putText(frame,"Motion",(x,y-10),
cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,0.5,(0,255,0),2)
cv2.imshow('Motion Detection', frame)
if cv2.waitKey(30) == 27:
break
prev = frame.copy()
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

RESULT
 FACIAL DETECTION AND RECOGNITION

AIM

ALGORITHM
OUTPUT
PROGRAM

import cv2
face_cascade=cv2.CascadeClassifier(cv2.data.haarcascades +
'haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml')
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
while True:
ret, frame = cap.read()
if not ret:
break
gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
faces = face_cascade.detectMultiScale(gray, 1.1, 4)
for (x, y, w, h) in faces:
cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x+w, y+h), (0, 255, 0), 2)
cv2.putText(frame, "Face", (x, y-10), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, (0, 255,
0), 2)
cv2.imshow('Face Detection', frame)
if cv2.waitKey(1) == 27: # Press ESC to exit
break
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

RESULT
 HAND GESTURE RECOGNITION

AIM

ALGORITHM
OUTPUT
 PROGRAM

import cv2
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
fgbg = cv2.createBackgroundSubtractorMOG2()
while True:
ret, frame = cap.read()
if not ret:
break
mask = fgbg.apply(frame)
contours,_=cv2.findContours(mask,cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
for c in contours:
if cv2.contourArea(c) > 500:
x, y, w, h = cv2.boundingRect(c)
cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x+w, y+h), (0,255,0), 2)
cv2.imshow('Motion Detection', frame)
if cv2.waitKey(1) == 27:
break
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

RESULT