PBA ASSIGNMENT (SOLUTION )

STUDENT – 1

1
 Program # 1 ( Write a program using Cin )
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a,b,sum;
cout<<"Enter the first number:";
cin >>a;
cout<<"Enter the second number:";
cin >> b;
sum=a+b;
cout<<"The sum of first and second number is "<<sum<<endl;
return 0;
}
Program # 2 ( Write a program using Cout )
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a=5 , b=7;
cout<<" The sum of "<< a <<" and "<< b <<" is <<(a+b)<<endl;
return 0;
}
Program # 3 (Write a program using Escape Sequence)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "Hello, World!\n";
cout << "Welcome to C++ Programming.\n\n";
cout << "Name\t:\tJohn Doe\n";
cout << "Age\t\t:\t25\n";
cout << "Country\t:\tUSA\n\n";
return 0;
}
Program # 4 ( Write a program using Setw )
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << setw(10) << "Name"<< setw(10) << "Class"<< setw(10) << "Section"
<< setw(10) << "Campus" << endl;
cout << setw(10) << "Ali"<< setw(10) << “XII”<< setw(10) << “CA50”<< setw(10) << “APC” << endl;
return 0;
}

2
Program # 5 ( Write a program for solving arithmetic problems to calculate interest, percentage, average,
ratio, grades )

Method 1: By separate programs Method 2: By using functions::

o Interest #include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main() void calculateInterest()
{ {
float p, r, i; double principal, rate, time, interest;
cout << "Enter principal and rate: "; cout << "\nEnter Principal Amount: ";
cin >> p >> r; cin >> principal;
i = (p * r) / 100; cout << "Enter Interest Rate (in %): ";
cout << "Interest: " << i << endl; cin >> rate;
return 0; cout << "Enter Time (in years): ";
} cin >> time;
interest = (principal * rate * time) / 100;
o Ratio cout << "Simple Interest: " << fixed << setprecision(2) <<
interest << endl;
#include <iostream> }
int main() void calculatePercentage()
{ {
int a, b; double obtainedMarks, totalMarks, percentage;
cout << "Enter two numbers: "; cout << "\nEnter Obtained Marks: ";
cin >> a >> b; cin >> obtainedMarks;
cout << "Ratio: " << a/b << endl; cout << "Enter Total Marks: ";
return 0; cin >> totalMarks;
} if (totalMarks == 0)
{
o Percentage/Grade cout << "Total Marks cannot be zero." << endl;
return;
#include <iostream> }
int main() percentage = (obtainedMarks / totalMarks) * 100;
{ cout << "Percentage: " << fixed << setprecision(2) <<
int total_m,obt_m; percentage<< "%" << endl;
floate p; }
cout << "Enter total marks: ";
cin >> total_m; void calculateAverage()
cout<< ‘’Enter obtained marks: ‘’; {
p=(obt_m*100)/total_m; int n;
cout << "Percentage: "<<p; cout << "\nEnter the number of values: ";
if(p>=80) cout << "Grade: A"; cin >> n;
else if(p>=70) cout << "Grade: B"; if (n <= 0)
else if(p>=60) cout << "Grade: C"; {
else if(p>=50) cout<< ‘’Grade:D”; cout << "Invalid number of values." << endl;
else if(p>=40) cout<< ‘’Grade:E’’; return;
else cout << "Grade: F"; }
return 0; double sum = 0, value;
} for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
cout << "Enter value " << i << ": ";
cin >> value;
sum += value;
}
cout << "Average: " << fixed << (sum / n) <<endl;
}
void calculateRatio()

3
{
double a, b;
cout << "\nEnter first number: ";
cin >> a;
cout << "Enter second number: ";
cin >> b;
if (b == 0)
{
cout << "The second number cannot be zero." << endl;
return;
}
double ratio = a / b;
cout << "The ratio of " << a << " to " << b << " is " <<
fixed << ratio << " : 1" << endl;
}
void calculateGrades()
{
double marks; char grade;
cout << "\nEnter Marks (0 - 100): ";
cin >> marks;
if (marks < 0 || marks > 100)
{
cout << "Invalid marks entered. enter between 0 and 100." << endl;
return;
}
if (marks >= 90)
grade = 'A';
else if (marks >= 80)
grade = 'B';
else if (marks >= 70)
grade = 'C';
else if (marks >= 60)
grade = 'D';
else if (marks >= 50)
grade = 'E';
else
grade = 'F';
cout << "Grade: " << grade << endl;
}

int main()
{
int choice;
do
{
cout << "\n=== Arithmetic Problem Solver ===\n";
cout << "1. Calculate Interest\n";
cout << "2. Calculate Percentage\n";
cout << "3. Calculate Average\n";
cout << "4. Calculate Ratio\n";
cout << "5. Calculate Grade\n";
cout << "6. Exit\n";
cout << "Choose an option (1-6): ";
cin >> choice;
switch (choice)
{
case 1:

4
 calculateInterest();
break;
case 2:
calculatePercentage();
break;
case 3:
calculateAverage();
break;
case 4:
calculateRatio();
break;
case 5:
calculateGrades();
break;
case 6:
cout << "Exiting the program. Goodbye!" << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid choice! Please select a valid option." << endl;
}
}
while (choice != 6);
return 0;
}

Program # 6 ( Write a program for calculating area, volume

and perimeter of some basic geometrical shapes )

o Square o Rectangle

#include <iostream> #include <iostream>

int main() int main() {
{ int l,w,h;
int s; cout << "Enter Length: ";
cout << "Enter side: "; cin >> l;
cin >> s; cout<<"Enter Height: ";
cout << "Area: " << s*s << endl; cin>>h;
cout << "Perimeter: " << 4*s << endl; cout<<"Enter Width: ";
cout << "Volume (cube): " << s*s*s << endl; cin>>w;
return 0; cout << "Area: " << l*w << endl;
} cout << "Perimeter: " << 2(l+w) << endl;
cout << "Volume (cube): " << l*w*h << endl;
return 0; }

o Triangle

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
int s1,s2,s3;
cout << "Enter side1: ";
cin >> s1;
cout << "Enter side2: ";
cin >> s2;
cout << "Enter side3: ";
cin >> s3;
cout << "Area: " << 1/2(s1*s2) << endl;

5
cout << "Perimeter: " << s1+s2+s3 << endl;
return 0;
}

Program # 7 ( Write a program for comparing numbers/strings )

compares strings (without functions) compares strings (Using functions)

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h> #include <iostream>
int main() #include <string>
{ using namespace std;
char str1[20], str2[20]; void compareNumbers()
cout << "Enter first string: "; {
cin.get(str1, 20) double num1, num2;
cout << "Enter second string: "; cout << "\nEnter the first number: ";
cin.get(str2, 20) cin >> num1;
x=strcmp(str1, str2); cout << "Enter the second number: ";
cin >> num2;
if(x==0) if (num1 > num2)
cout<<”Stings are equal”; {
else if(x>0) cout << num1 << " is greater than " << num2 << endl;
cout<<”Sring1 is less than String2”; }
else else if (num1 < num2)
cout<<”String1 is > than String2”; {
cout << num1 << " is less than " << num2 << endl;
return 0; }
} else
{
cout << num1 << " is equal to " << num2 << endl;
}
}
void compareStrings()
{
string str1, str2;
cout << "\nEnter the first string: ";
cin >> str1;
cout << "Enter the second string: ";
cin >> str2;
if (str1 > str2)
{
cout << str1 << "is greater than " <<str2 << endl;
}
else if (str1 < str2)
{
cout << str1 << " is less than " <<str2 << endl;
}
else
{
cout << str1 << " is equal to " << str2 << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
int choice;

6
 do
{
cout << "\n=== Compare Numbers or Strings ===\n";
cout << "1. Compare Numbers\n";
cout << "2. Compare Strings\n";
cout << "3. Exit\n";
cout << "Choose an option (1-3): ";
cin >> choice;
switch (choice)
{
case 1:
compareNumbers();
break;
case 2:
compareStrings();
break;
case 3:
cout << "Exiting the program. Goodbye!" << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid choice! Please select a valid option." <<
endl;
}
}
while (choice != 3);
return 0;
}

Program # 8 ( Write a program for solving Quadratic equation

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
int a, b, c;
int x1=0, x2=0;
cout<<"Enter coefficient of a,b and c";
cin>>a>>b>>c;

if((b*b-4*a*c)<0)
{
cout<<"No real solutions<< endl;
}
else if((b*b-4*a*c) ==0)
{
x1-b/(4*a*c) ;
cout<<"x1 is"<<x1<<endl;
}
else
{
x1=(-b+sqrt(b*b-4*a*c)))/(2*a);
x2=(-b-sqrt(b*b-4*a*c)))/(2*a);
cout<<"x1 is"<<x1<<endl;
cout<<"x2 is"<<x2<< endl;
}
return 0; }

7
 Program # 9 ( Write a program for finding out the GCD and LCM )

Without using functions By using functions

GCD #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <iostream> // Function to calculate GCD (using Euclidean algorithm)
int main()
{ int gcd(int a, int b)
int num1, num2, gcd = 1; {
cout << "Enter two numbers: "; while (b != 0)
cin >> num1 >> num2; {
for (int i = 1; i <= num1 && i <= num2; i++) int temp = b;
{ b = a % b;
if (num1 % i == 0 && num2 % i == 0) a = temp;
gcd = i; }
} return a;
cout << "GCD: " << gcd; }
return 0;
} // Function to calculate LCM (using the formula LCM(a, b) = |
a * b| /GCD(a, b))
LCM
int lcm(int a, int b)
#include <iostream>
{
int main()
return (a * b) / gcd(a, b); }
{
int main()
int num1, num2;
{
cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
int num1, num2, choice;
cin >> num1 >> num2;
do
{
int lcm = (num1 * num2) / ( gcd(num1,
cout << "\n=== GCD and LCM Calculator ===\n";
num2));
cout << "1. Calculate GCD\n";
cout << "LCM: " << lcm;
cout << "2. Calculate LCM\n";
return 0;
cout << "3. Calculate both GCD and LCM\n";
}
cout << "4. Exit\n";
cout << "Choose an option (1-4): ";
cin >> choice;
if (choice != 4)
{
cout << "Enter the first number: ";
cin >> num1;
cout << "Enter the second number: ";
cin >> num2;
switch (choice)
{ case 1:
cout << "GCD of " << num1 << " and " << num2 << " is " <<
gcd(num1, num2) << endl;
break;
case 2:
cout << "LCM of " << num1 << " and " << num2 << " is " <<
lcm(num1, num2) << endl;
break;
case 3:
cout << "GCD of " << num1 << " and " << num2 << " is " <<
gcd(num1, num2) << endl;
cout << "LCM of " << num1 << " and " << num2 << " is " <<
lcm(num1, num2) << endl;
break;

8
 default:
cout << "Invalid choice!" << endl;
} }
else
{ cout << "Exiting the program. Goodbye!" << endl;
}
}
while (choice != 4);
return 0;
}

Program # 10 ( Write a program that reads a

number and find out whether it is a prime or composite )

#include <iostream>
Method 1 Method 2

int prime(int num)

#include<iostream>

{
using namespace std;
Bool isPrime(int num) ;

if (num <= 1) return false;

int main()

for (int i = 2; i <= num / 2; i++)

{

{
int num;
Bool flag;
if (num % i == 0) return false;
cout<<"Enter any number:";

return true;
cin>>num;

}
flag=isPrime(num)

int main()
if(flag==true)
cout<<num<<"is a prime number ";

{
else

int num;
cout<<num<<" is a composite number ";

cout << "Enter a number: ";

return 0;

cin >> num;

}
Bool isPrime(int num)

if (prime(num))
{

cout << num << " is Prime";

Bool flag=true;

else
for(int i=2;i<=num/2;i++)

cout << num << " is Composite";

{
if(num%i==0)

return 0;
{

}
flag=false;
break;
}
}
return flag;
}

Program # 11 ( Write a program for sorting a list of numeric/string )

Sorting numbers (without functions) With functions
include <iostream> #include <iostream>
using namespace std; #include <vector>
#include <string>
int main() #include <algorithm>
{ using namespace std;
int n; void sortNumbers()
{
cout<<"Enter the size of array: "; cin>>n; int n;

9
 cout << "\nEnter the number of elements: ";
int a[n]; cin >> n;
vector<int> numbers(n);
cout<<"\nEnter the elements: "; cout << "Enter " << n << " numbers:\n";
for(int i=0; i<n; i++) cin>>a[i]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cin >> numbers[i];
for(int i=0; i<n; i++) }
{ sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
for(int j=i+1; j<n; j++) { if(a[i]>a[j]) cout << "Sorted numbers: ";
{ for (int num : numbers)
int temp = a[i]; {
a[i] = a[j]; cout << num << " ";
a[j] = temp; }
} cout << endl;
} }
} void sortStrings()
{
cout<<"\nArray after swapping: "; int n;
cout << "\nEnter the number of strings: ";
for(int i=0; i<n; i++) cin >> n;
cout<<a[i]<<" "; vector<string> strings(n);
cout << "Enter " << n << " strings:\n";
return 0; cin.ignore(); // To ignore any leftover newline
} character
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
getline(cin, strings[i]);
}
sort(strings.begin(), strings.end());
cout << "Sorted strings:\n";
for (const string& str : strings)
{
cout << str << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
int choice;
do
{
cout << "\n=== List Sorting ===\n";
cout << "1. Sort Numbers\n";
cout << "2. Sort Strings\n";
cout << "3. Exit\n";
cout << "Choose an option (1-3): ";
cin >> choice;
switch (choice)
{
case 1:
sortNumbers();
break;
case 2:
sortStrings();
break;
case 3:
cout << "Exiting the program. Goodbye!" << endl;

10
 break;
default:
cout << "Invalid choice! Please select a valid
option." <<
endl;
}
}
while (choice != 3);
return 0;
}

Program # 12 ( Write a C++ program for searching an item out of a list of items numeric/string )
Searching a number Linear search
#include<iostream> #include <iostream>
using namespace std; #include <conio.h>
//Program to find a number in an array. using namespace std;
int main() int main()
{ {
int a[100],n,i,x; // define an array
cout<<"\nEnter The Limit: "; int num[]= {12,9,37,86,2,17,5};
cin>>n; int i,x,f;
for(i=0;i<n;i++) cout<<"Array: ";
{ for(i=0; i<7; i++)
cout<<"\nEnter The Value : "; {
cin>>a[i]; cout<<num[i]<<" ";
} }
cout<<"\nEnter The Value to Search :";
cin>>x; // store the number in variable x to search in the array
cout<<"\n\nEnter number to search ";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)//1 2 3 4 5 cin>>x;
{
if(a[i]==x) // set the value of variable f=0
{ f=0;
cout<<"Value Found @"<<i;
return 0; // run loop i from 0 to N-1 to read number from the array
} for(i=0; i<7; i++)
} {
cout<<"Value Not Found"; // check if value of x is equal to the num[i] then print
return 0; // message "Number found at index" and the value of i and
} set f=1 and break the loop
if(x==num[i])
{
cout<<"Number found at index "<<i;
f=1;
break;
}
}

// check if value of f is 0 then print number not found

if(f==0)
{
cout<<"Number not found";
}
return 0;
}

11
 Binary search Searching strings and numbers using functions
#include <iostream> #include <iostream>
#include <conio.h> #include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std; using namespace std;
template <typename T>
int main() int searchItem(const vector<T>& list, T item)
{ {
// define an array that contain numbers for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++)
in ascending order { if (list[i] == item)
int num[]= {2,5,9,12,17,37,86}; {
int i,x,f,S,E,M; return i; // Item found, return the index
}
cout<<"Array: "; }
for(i=0; i<7; i++) return -1; // Item not found
{ }
cout<<num[i]<<" "; int main()
} {
// Example with numeric list
// store the number in variable x to vector<int> numList = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
search in the array int numItem = 30;
cout<<"\n\nEnter number to search "; int numResult = searchItem(numList, numItem);
cin>>x; if (numResult != -1)
{
// set the value of variable f=0 cout << "Item " << numItem << " found at index " <<
f=0; numResult
<< endl;
// set the start index S, end index E }
with the start and end index of the array else
S=0; {
E=6; cout << "Item " << numItem << " not found!" << endl;
}
// run a while loop till S is less than or // Example with string list
equal to E vector<string> strList = {"apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"};
while(S<=E) string strItem = "banana";
{ int strResult = searchItem(strList, strItem);
// find the middle index M by if (strResult != -1)
dividing the sum of S and E by 2 {
// and consider only the integer part cout << "Item \"" << strItem << "\" found at index " << strResult
of the result. << endl;
M=(S+E)/2; }
else
// check if value of x is equal to the {
value of num[M] then print message cout << "Item \"" << strItem << "\" not found!" << endl;
// 'Number found at index' along }
with the value of M and set f=1 and then return 0; }
break the loop
if(x==num[M])
{
cout<<"Number found at index
"<<M;
f=1;
break;
}
else if(x>num[M]) // check if value
of x is greater than the value at num[M]

12
 then set the start index S=M+1
{
S=M+1;
}
else if(x<num[M]) // check if value
of x is smaller than the value at num[M]
then set the end index E=M-1
{
E=M-1;
}
}

// check if value of f is 0 then print

number not found
if(f==0)
{
cout<<"Number not found";
}
return 0;
}

Program # 13 ( Write a C++ program for generating random number for a dice using function )
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
int rollDice()
{
return rand() % 6 + 1;
}
int main()
{
srand(time(0));
int result = rollDice();
cout << "You rolled a " << result << "!" << endl;
return 0;
}

Program # 14 ( Write a program for finding addition and multiplication of matrices 3 x 3 )

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int rows, cols;
cout << "Enter the number of rows: ";
cin >> rows;
cout << "Enter the number of columns: ";
cin >> cols;
int matrix1[rows][cols], matrix2[rows][cols], result[rows][cols];
cout << "Enter elements for first matrix: " << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
cin >> matrix1[i][j];

13
}
}
cout << "Enter elements for second matrix: " << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
cin >> matrix2[i][j];
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
result[i][j] = matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j];
}
}
cout << "\nResultant Matrix (After Addition): " << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
cout << setw(5) << result[i][j];
}
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}

Program # 15 ( Write a C++ program for finding transpose of a matrix (3*3) )

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int matrix[3][3], transpose[3][3];
cout << "Enter elements of 3x3 matrix:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
cout << "Element [" << i + 1 << "][" << j + 1 << "]: ";
cin >> matrix[i][j];
}
}
cout << "\nOriginal Matrix:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
cout << matrix[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
transpose[j][i] = matrix[i][j];
}
}
cout << "\nTranspose of the Matrix:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{

14
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
cout << transpose[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}

Program # 16 ( Write a program for generating and summing simple series )

Write a program in C++ to display the sum of the series Sum of natural numbers (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n)
[ 9 + 99 + 999 + 9999 ...].
#include <iostream> #include <iostream>
using namespace std; using namespace std;

int main() int main() {

{ int n, sum = 0;
long int n, i, t = 9;
int sum = 0; cout << "Enter a positive integer: ";
cout << "\n\n Display the sum of the series [ 9 + 99 + cin >> n;
999 + 9999 ...]\n";
cout << "------------------------------------------------------\n"; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
cout << " Input number of terms: "; sum += i;
cin >> n; }
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{ cout << "Sum = " << sum;
sum += t; return 0;
cout << t << " "; }
t = t * 10 + 9;
}
cout << "\n The sum of the series = " << sum << endl;
}
Using function
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int sumSeries(int N)
{
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
{
sum += i;
}
return sum;
}

int main()
{
int N;
cout << "Enter the number of terms (N): ";
cin >> N;
int result = sumSeries(N);
cout << "The sum of the first " << N << " natural
numbers is: " << result << endl;
return 0; }
Program # 17 (Write a program for reversing a given number or string)

15
 Number String
#include <iostream> #include <iostream>
Void reverseNumber(int num) #include <string>
{ Void reverseString(char str[ ])
Int reversedNum = 0; {
While (num != 0) String reversedStr = “ “;
{ For (int i = str.length() – 1; i ≥ 0; i--)
Int digit = num % 10; {
reversedNum = reversedNum * 10 + digit; reversedStr += str[i];

Cout ≪ “Reversed String: “ ≪ reversedStr ≪

num /= 10; }

Cout ≪ “Reversed Number: “ ≪ reversedNum ≪

}
endl;
endl; }
} Int main()
Int main() {

Cout ≪ “Enter a string: “;

{ String str;

Cout ≪ “Enter a number: “; Cin ≫ str;

Int num;

Cin ≫ num; reverseString(str);

reverseNumber(num); return 0;
return 0; }
}

PART-II

Program # 1 ( Write a program for finding out a specific day of a week for a given data using function )
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
string getDayOfWeek(int day, int month, int year)
{ if (month < 3) {
month += 12;
year -= 1; }
int K = year % 100; // Year of the century
int J = year / 100; // Zero-based century
// Zeller's Congruence formula
int h = (day + 13 * (month + 1) / 5 + K + K / 4 + J / 4 + 5 * J) % 7;
// Mapping Zeller's output to days of the week
string daysOfWeek[] = {"Saturday", "Sunday", "Monday",
"Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday"};
return daysOfWeek[h];
}
int main()
{
int day, month, year;
cout << "Enter the date (DD MM YYYY): ";
cin >> day >> month >> year;
string dayOfWeek = getDayOfWeek(day, month, year);
cout << "The day of the week is: " << dayOfWeek << endl;
return 0;
}
Program # 2 ( Write a program to sum two and three numbers of different data types )
#include <iostream>

16
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int intNum1, intNum2; // Variables for two-number sum
float floatNum1, floatNum2;
double doubleNum1, doubleNum2; // Input for summing two numbers of different data types
cout << "Enter an integer and a float to sum: ";
cin >> intNum1 >> floatNum1;
cout << "Enter a float and a double to sum: ";
cin >> floatNum2 >> doubleNum1;
float sum1 = intNum1 + floatNum1; // int + float // Summing two numbers of different data types
double sum2 = floatNum2 + doubleNum1; // float + double
cout << "\nSum of integer and float: " << sum1 << endl; // Displaying the sums of two numbers
cout << "Sum of float and double: " << sum2 << endl;
cout << "\nEnter an integer, a float, double to sum: ";
cin >> intNum2 >> floatNum1 >> doubleNum2;
double sum3 = intNum2 + floatNum1 + doubleNum2; // int + float + double
cout << "Sum of integer, float, and double: " << sum3 << endl;
return 0;
}

Program # 3 ( Write a program to display the address and of a variable using pointers )
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int num; // Declare an integer variable
int *ptr; // Declare a pointer to an integer
cout << "Enter an integer value: ";
cin >> num;
ptr = &num; // Store the address of 'num' in the pointer 'ptr'
cout << "\nValue of num: " << num << endl; // Direct access
cout << "Value of num using pointer: " << *ptr << endl; // Access
using pointer (dereferencing)
cout << "\nAddress of num: " << &num << endl; // Address of 'num'
directly
cout << "Address of num using pointer: " << ptr << endl; // Address using the pointer
return 0;
}

Program # 4 ( Write a program to create and display student object with data members as name age and
class )
#include <iostream>

17
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Student
{
public:
string name;
int age;
int grade;
void inputDetails()
{
cout << "Enter Student Name: ";
getline(cin, name); // To read full name including spaces
cout << "Enter Age: ";
cin >> age;
cout << "Enter Class (Grade): ";
cin >> grade;
cin.ignore(); // To clear the newline character left in the input
buffer
}
// Member function to display student details
void displayDetails()
{
cout << "\n--- Student Details ---" << endl;
cout << "Name : " << name << endl;
cout << "Age : " << age << endl;
cout << "Class: " << grade << endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Student student1;
student1.inputDetails();
student1.displayDetails();
'return 0;
}

Program # 5 ( Write a program to create and read a data file )

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// Writing to a file
ofstream outFile("studentData.txt");
if (!outFile) { // Check if the file was created successfully
cerr << "Error creating the file!" << endl;
return 1;
}
// Writing data to the file
outFile << "Name: John Doe\n";
outFile << "Age: 20\n";
outFile << "Grade: A\n";
outFile << "Major: Computer Science\n";
// Closing the file after writing

18
outFile.close();
// Reading from the file
ifstream inFile("studentData.txt"); // Open the file for reading
if (!inFile) { // Check if the file exists and can be opened
cerr << "Error opening the file!" << endl;
return 1;
}
string line;
// Reading and displaying the content of the file
cout << "\nReading data from file:\n";
while (getline(inFile, line)) { // Read the file line by line
cout << line << endl;
}
// Closing the file after reading
inFile.close();
return 0;
}

19