SELENIUM COMMANDS

Here are the types of Selenium commands:

 Browser Commands
 Navigation Commands
 Window Management Commands
 Frame and IFrame Commands
 Alert Commands
 Element Interaction Commands
 Element Action Commands
 Wait Commands
 Keyboard and Mouse Action Commands (Advanced User Interactions)
 Cookies Management Commands
 Screen Capture Commands
 Session Management Commands
 Browser Options and Capabilities Commands
 Logs Management Commands
 JavaScript Execution Commands
 File Upload and Download Commands
 Proxy Management Commands
 Mobile Web Testing Commands (Specific to Appium)
 Remote WebDriver Commands
 WebDriver Timeout Commands

Browser Commands

1. driver.get(URL): Navigates to the specified URL in the current browser window.

2. driver.navigate().to(URL): Navigates to the specified URL.
3. driver.navigate().back(): Moves the browser backward by one page.
4. driver.navigate().forward(): Moves the browser forward by one page.
5. driver.navigate().refresh(): Refreshes the current page.
6. driver.manage().window().maximize(): Maximizes the current browser window.
7. driver.manage().window().minimize(): Minimizes the current browser window.
8. driver.manage().window().fullscreen(): Sets the browser window to full screen.
9. driver.manage().window().getSize(): Retrieves the size (width and height) of the current
browser window.
10. driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(width, height)): Sets the size of the
browser window.
11. driver.manage().window().getPosition(): Retrieves the current position of the browser
window.
12. driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(x, y)): Sets the position of the browser
window.
13. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the implicit
wait time for finding elements.
14. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
maximum time to wait for a page to load.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

15. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the

maximum time to wait for a script to execute.
16. driver.switchTo().frame(frame): Switches focus to a frame using its name or ID.
17. driver.switchTo().frame(int index): Switches focus to a frame using its index number.
18. driver.switchTo().frame(webElement): Switches focus to a frame using a WebElement.
19. driver.switchTo().defaultContent(): Switches back to the main document after working
within a frame.
20. driver.switchTo().parentFrame(): Switches to the parent frame of the current frame.
21. driver.switchTo().alert(): Switches to an alert box.
22. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Accepts the currently displayed alert.
23. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Dismisses the currently displayed alert.
24. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Retrieves the text from the alert box.
25. driver.switchTo().activeElement(): Switches to the currently focused element.
26. driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle): Switches focus to the specified window handle.
27. driver.getWindowHandle(): Retrieves the handle of the current window.
28. driver.getWindowHandles(): Retrieves all window handles.
29. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value")): Adds a cookie to the current
browser session.
30. driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("cookieName"): Deletes the cookie with the specified
name.
31. driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(): Deletes all cookies.
32. driver.manage().getCookies(): Retrieves all cookies.
33. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName"): Retrieves a specific cookie by name.
34. driver.getCurrentUrl(): Retrieves the URL of the current page.
35. driver.getTitle(): Retrieves the title of the current page.
36. driver.executeScript(script, arguments): Executes JavaScript code in the context of the
current page.
37. driver.executeAsyncScript(script, arguments): Executes asynchronous JavaScript code in the
context of the current page.
38. driver.findElement(By.id("id")): Locates an element by its unique ID.
39. driver.findElement(By.name("name")): Locates an element by its name attribute.
40. driver.findElement(By.className("className")): Locates an element by its class name.
41. driver.findElement(By.tagName("tagName")): Locates an element by its tag name.
42. driver.findElement(By.linkText("text")): Locates a hyperlink element by its exact text.
43. driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("partialText")): Locates a hyperlink element by
partial text.
44. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("selector")): Locates an element using a CSS selector.
45. driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath")): Locates an element using an XPath expression.
46. driver.findElements(By.id("id")): Locates all elements matching the ID.
47. driver.findElements(By.name("name")): Locates all elements matching the name attribute.
48. driver.findElements(By.className("className")): Locates all elements matching the class
name.
49. driver.findElements(By.tagName("tagName")): Locates all elements matching the tag name.
50. driver.findElements(By.linkText("text")): Locates all hyperlink elements matching the exact
text.
51. driver.findElements(By.partialLinkText("partialText")): Locates all hyperlink elements
matching partial text.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

52. driver.findElements(By.cssSelector("selector")): Locates all elements matching the CSS

selector.
53. driver.findElements(By.xpath("xpath")): Locates all elements matching the XPath
expression.
54. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): An updated way
to set the implicit wait time using the Duration class.
55. driver.manage().window().getRect(): Retrieves the position and size of the browser window
as a Rectangle object.
56. driver.manage().window().setRect(new Rectangle(x, y, width, height)): Sets the position and
size of the browser window.
57. driver.switchTo().frame(WebElement): Switches focus to a frame using a WebElement
reference.
58. driver.navigate().to("URL"): Opens a new URL in the browser.
59. driver.navigate().back(): Moves backward in the browser's history.
60. driver.navigate().forward(): Moves forward in the browser's history.
61. driver.navigate().refresh(): Refreshes the current page.

Navigation Commands

1. driver.get(URL): Navigates to the specified URL in the current browser window.

2. driver.navigate().to(URL): Navigates to the specified URL.
3. driver.navigate().back(): Moves the browser backward by one page in the browser’s history.
4. driver.navigate().forward(): Moves the browser forward by one page in the browser’s
history.
5. driver.navigate().refresh(): Refreshes the current page.
6. driver.manage().window().maximize(): Maximizes the current browser window.
7. driver.manage().window().minimize(): Minimizes the current browser window.
8. driver.manage().window().fullscreen(): Sets the browser window to full screen.
9. driver.manage().window().getSize(): Retrieves the size (width and height) of the current
browser window.
10. driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(width, height)): Sets the size of the
browser window.
11. driver.manage().window().getPosition(): Retrieves the current position of the browser
window.
12. driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(x, y)): Sets the position of the browser
window.
13. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the implicit
wait time for finding elements.
14. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
maximum time to wait for a page to load.
15. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
maximum time to wait for a script to execute.
16. driver.switchTo().frame(frame): Switches focus to a frame using its name or ID.
17. driver.switchTo().frame(int index): Switches focus to a frame using its index number.
18. driver.switchTo().frame(webElement): Switches focus to a frame using a WebElement.
19. driver.switchTo().defaultContent(): Switches back to the main document after working
within a frame.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

20. driver.switchTo().parentFrame(): Switches to the parent frame of the current frame.

21. driver.switchTo().alert(): Switches to an alert box.
22. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Accepts the currently displayed alert.
23. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Dismisses the currently displayed alert.
24. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Retrieves the text from the alert box.
25. driver.switchTo().activeElement(): Switches to the currently focused element.
26. driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle): Switches focus to the specified window handle.
27. driver.getWindowHandle(): Retrieves the handle of the current window.
28. driver.getWindowHandles(): Retrieves all window handles.
29. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value")): Adds a cookie to the current
browser session.
30. driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("cookieName"): Deletes the cookie with the specified
name.
31. driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(): Deletes all cookies.
32. driver.manage().getCookies(): Retrieves all cookies.
33. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName"): Retrieves a specific cookie by name.
34. driver.getCurrentUrl(): Retrieves the URL of the current page.
35. driver.getTitle(): Retrieves the title of the current page.
36. driver.executeScript(script, arguments): Executes JavaScript code in the context of the
current page.
37. driver.executeAsyncScript(script, arguments): Executes asynchronous JavaScript code in the
context of the current page.
38. driver.findElement(By.id("id")): Locates an element by its unique ID.
39. driver.findElement(By.name("name")): Locates an element by its name attribute.
40. driver.findElement(By.className("className")): Locates an element by its class name.
41. driver.findElement(By.tagName("tagName")): Locates an element by its tag name.
42. driver.findElement(By.linkText("text")): Locates a hyperlink element by its exact text.
43. driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("partialText")): Locates a hyperlink element by
partial text.
44. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("selector")): Locates an element using a CSS selector.
45. driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath")): Locates an element using an XPath expression.
46. driver.findElements(By.id("id")): Locates all elements matching the ID.
47. driver.findElements(By.name("name")): Locates all elements matching the name attribute.
48. driver.findElements(By.className("className")): Locates all elements matching the class
name.
49. driver.findElements(By.tagName("tagName")): Locates all elements matching the tag name.
50. driver.findElements(By.linkText("text")): Locates all hyperlink elements matching the exact
text.
51. driver.findElements(By.partialLinkText("partialText")): Locates all hyperlink elements
matching partial text.
52. driver.findElements(By.cssSelector("selector")): Locates all elements matching the CSS
selector.
53. driver.findElements(By.xpath("xpath")): Locates all elements matching the XPath
expression.
54. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): An updated way
to set the implicit wait time using the Duration class.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

55. driver.manage().window().getRect(): Retrieves the position and size of the browser window
as a Rectangle object.
56. driver.manage().window().setRect(new Rectangle(x, y, width, height)): Sets the position and
size of the browser window.
57. driver.switchTo().frame(WebElement): Switches focus to a frame using a WebElement
reference.
58. driver.navigate().to("URL"): Opens a new URL in the browser.
59. driver.navigate().back(): Moves backward in the browser's history.
60. driver.navigate().forward(): Moves forward in the browser's history.
61. driver.navigate().refresh(): Refreshes the current page.

Window Management Commands

1. driver.manage().window().maximize(): Maximizes the current browser window.

2. driver.manage().window().minimize(): Minimizes the current browser window.
3. driver.manage().window().fullscreen(): Sets the browser window to full screen.
4. driver.manage().window().getSize(): Retrieves the size (width and height) of the current
browser window.
5. driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(width, height)): Sets the size of the
browser window.
6. driver.manage().window().getPosition(): Retrieves the current position of the browser
window.
7. driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(x, y)): Sets the position of the browser
window.
8. driver.manage().window().getRect(): Retrieves the position and size of the browser window
as a Rectangle object.
9. driver.manage().window().setRect(new Rectangle(x, y, width, height)): Sets the position and
size of the browser window.
10. driver.getWindowHandle(): Retrieves the handle of the current window.
11. driver.getWindowHandles(): Retrieves all window handles.
12. driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle): Switches focus to the specified window handle.
13. driver.close(): Closes the current window.
14. driver.quit(): Closes all windows and ends the WebDriver session.
15. driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB): Opens a new tab in the current browser
window.
16. driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW): Opens a new browser window.
17. driver.switchTo().window(driver.getWindowHandles().iterator().next()): Switches to the
first window in the list of window handles.
18. driver.switchTo().window(driver.getWindowHandles().toArray()[index]): Switches to a
window using its index in the list of window handles.
19. driver.switchTo().window(driver.getWindowHandles().stream().filter(handle ->
handle.equals(windowHandle)).findFirst().orElse(null)): Switches to a specific window
handle using a stream filter.
20. driver.switchTo().window(driver.getWindowHandles().stream().reduce((first, second) ->
second).orElse(null)): Switches to the last opened window handle.
21. driver.switchTo().window(driver.getWindowHandles().stream().findFirst().orElse(null)):
Switches to the first opened window handle.

Stay tuned with Sonu Madheshiya on LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/sonumadheshiya/ for

more interesting content on automation testing.

 SELENIUM COMMANDS

22. driver.getTitle(): Retrieves the title of the current page.

23. driver.getCurrentUrl(): Retrieves the URL of the current page.
24. driver.navigate().to(URL): Opens a new URL in the current window.
25. driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(width, height)): Sets the browser
window size to the specified width and height.
26. driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(x, y)): Moves the browser window to the
specified position on the screen.
27. driver.manage().window().maximize(): Maximizes the browser window to fill the screen.
28. driver.manage().window().fullscreen(): Switches the browser to full-screen mode.
29. driver.manage().window().minimize(): Minimizes the browser window to the taskbar.
30. driver.manage().window().getRect(): Gets the current size and position of the browser
window as a Rectangle object.
31. driver.manage().window().setRect(new Rectangle(x, y, width, height)): Sets the size and
position of the browser window.
32. driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(): Retrieves the width of the browser
window.
33. driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(): Retrieves the height of the browser
window.
34. driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(): Retrieves the X-coordinate of the browser
window’s position.
35. driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(): Retrieves the Y-coordinate of the browser
window’s position.
36. driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1920, 1080)): Sets the browser window
size to 1920x1080 pixels.
37. driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(100, 100)): Moves the browser window
to the position (100, 100) on the screen.
38. driver.manage().window().maximize(): Expands the browser window to fill the entire
screen.
39. driver.switchTo().window(driver.getWindowHandles().toArray()[1]): Switches to the
second window handle in the list.
40. driver.switchTo().window(driver.getWindowHandles().stream().findAny().orElse(null)):
Switches to any available window handle.
41. driver.switchTo().window(driver.getWindowHandles().stream().sorted().findFirst().orElse(
null)): Switches to the first sorted window handle.
42. driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(): Gets the width of the current browser
window.
43. driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(): Gets the height of the current browser
window.
44. driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(): Gets the X position of the browser window.
45. driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(): Gets the Y position of the browser window.
46. driver.manage().window().setRect(new Rectangle(0, 0, 1366, 768)): Sets the browser
window size to 1366x768 pixels and position to (0, 0).
47. driver.manage().window().setRect(new Rectangle(200, 200, 1024, 768)): Sets the browser
window size to 1024x768 pixels and position to (200, 200).
48. driver.manage().window().getRect().getWidth(): Gets the width of the current browser
window rectangle.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

49. driver.manage().window().getRect().getHeight(): Gets the height of the current browser

window rectangle.
50. driver.manage().window().getRect().getX(): Gets the X position of the current browser
window rectangle.
51. driver.manage().window().getRect().getY(): Gets the Y position of the current browser
window rectangle.
52. driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(800, 600)): Sets the browser window
size to 800x600 pixels.
53. driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(50, 50)): Moves the browser window to
the position (50, 50) on the screen.

Frames and iframes Commands

1. driver.switchTo().frame(frame): Switches focus to a frame using its name or ID.

2. driver.switchTo().frame(int index): Switches focus to a frame using its index number.
3. driver.switchTo().frame(webElement): Switches focus to a frame using a WebElement
reference.
4. driver.switchTo().defaultContent(): Switches back to the main document from a frame.
5. driver.switchTo().parentFrame(): Switches to the parent frame of the currently focused
frame.
6. driver.switchTo().frame("frameName"): Switches focus to a frame using its name.
7. driver.switchTo().frame("frameId"): Switches focus to a frame using its ID.
8. driver.switchTo().frame(0): Switches focus to the first frame on the page (index 0).
9. driver.switchTo().frame(1): Switches focus to the second frame on the page (index 1).
10. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.tagName("iframe"))): Switches focus to the
first iframe found on the page.
11. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.name("frameName"))): Switches focus to a
frame identified by its name.
12. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.id("frameId"))): Switches focus to a frame
identified by its ID.
13. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@name='frameName']"))):
Switches focus to a frame identified by an XPath expression.
14. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("iframe#frameId"))): Switches
focus to a frame identified by a CSS selector.
15. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.className("frameClassName"))): Switches
focus to a frame identified by its class name.
16. driver.switchTo().defaultContent(): Returns to the main content from a nested frame.
17. driver.switchTo().parentFrame(): Returns to the immediate parent frame from a nested
frame.
18. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.id("nestedFrameId")).findElement(By.tagNa
me("iframe"))): Switches to an iframe inside another frame.
19. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.id("nestedFrameId")).findElement(By.name
("nestedIframe"))): Switches to an iframe inside another frame identified by name.
20. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@id='nestedFrameId']")).fi
ndElement(By.cssSelector("iframe#nestedIframe"))): Switches to a nested iframe using
XPath and CSS selector.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

21. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[1]"))): Switches focus to

the first iframe found on the page.
22. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[last()]"))): Switches focus
to the last iframe found on the page.
23. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[position()=2]"))): Switches
focus to the second iframe on the page using XPath.
24. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[contains(@src,
'frameName')]"))): Switches focus to a frame based on a partial match of the src attribute.
25. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[starts-with(@id,
'frameIdPrefix')]"))): Switches focus to a frame based on a prefix match of the ID attribute.
26. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[not(@id='excludedFrameI
d')]"))): Switches focus to a frame excluding a specific ID.
27. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("iframe[class*='frameClassNam
e']"))): Switches focus to a frame based on a partial class name match.
28. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("iframe[id^='frameIdPrefix']"))
): Switches focus to a frame based on an ID prefix match using CSS selector.
29. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("iframe[id$='frameIdSuffix']")))
: Switches focus to a frame based on an ID suffix match using CSS selector.
30. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("iframe[class~='frameClassNa
me']"))): Switches focus to a frame based on a class name containing a specific value using
CSS selector.
31. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@title='frameTitle']"))):
Switches focus to a frame identified by its title attribute.
32. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@src='frameSrc']"))):
Switches focus to a frame identified by its src attribute.
33. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[not(@src)]"))): Switches
focus to a frame that does not have a src attribute.
34. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("iframe[title='frameTitle']"))):
Switches focus to a frame identified by its title attribute using CSS selector.
35. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("iframe[src$='frameSrcSuffix']"
))): Switches focus to a frame based on an ending match of the src attribute using CSS
selector.
36. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("iframe[src^='frameSrcPrefix']"
))): Switches focus to a frame based on a beginning match of the src attribute using CSS
selector.
37. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("iframe[src*='frameSrcSubstrin
g']"))): Switches focus to a frame based on a substring match of the src attribute using CSS
selector.
38. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@id='frameId'][@class='fr
ameClass']"))): Switches focus to a frame based on both ID and class attributes using XPath.
39. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@name='frameName' and
@title='frameTitle']"))): Switches focus to a frame based on both name and title attributes
using XPath.
40. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@id='frameId' and
@src='frameSrc']"))): Switches focus to a frame based on both ID and src attributes using
XPath.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

41. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[contains(@title,
'frameTitleSubstring')]"))): Switches focus to a frame based on a substring match of the title
attribute using XPath.
42. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@id='frameId' or
@src='frameSrc']"))): Switches focus to a frame based on either ID or src attribute using
XPath.
43. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@id='frameId' and
not(@src)]"))): Switches focus to a frame based on ID attribute and without src attribute
using XPath.
44. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@class='frameClass' and
contains(@src, 'frameSrcSubstring')]"))): Switches focus to a frame based on class and
substring match of the src attribute using XPath.
45. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@class='frameClass' or
@id='frameId']"))): Switches focus to a frame based on class or ID attribute using XPath.
46. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[not(contains(@src,
'excludedSrcSubstring'))]"))): Switches focus to a frame excluding a substring match of the
src attribute using XPath.
47. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[contains(@title,
'titleSubstring') or @id='frameId']"))): Switches focus to a frame based on title substring or
ID attribute using XPath.
48. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("iframe[id|='frameIdPrefix']")))
: Switches focus to a frame based on a hyphen-separated list of ID prefixes using CSS
selector.
49. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("iframe[title$='frameTitleSuffix'
]"))): Switches focus to a frame based on an ending match of the title attribute using CSS
selector.
50. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("iframe[class*='frameClassSubs
tring']"))): Switches focus to a frame based on a class name substring match using CSS
selector.
51. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("iframe[title*='titleSubstring']")
)): Switches focus to a frame based on a title substring match using CSS selector.
52. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@name='frameName'][con
tains(@src, 'frameSrcSubstring')]"))): Switches focus to a frame based on name and src
substring match using XPath.
53. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@id='frameId' and
@title='frameTitle']"))): Switches focus to a frame based on both ID and title attributes
using XPath.
54. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@name='frameName'][not
(@src='excludedSrc')]"))): Switches focus to a frame based on name and excludes specific
src using XPath.
55. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@class='frameClass'][not(
@title='excludedTitle')]"))): Switches focus to a frame based on class and excludes specific
title using XPath.
56. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[contains(@id,
'frameIdSubstring')]"))): Switches focus to a frame based on an ID substring match using
XPath.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

57. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[contains(@class,
'frameClassSubstring')]"))): Switches focus to a frame based on a class substring match
using XPath.
58. driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[starts-with(@id,
'frameIdPrefix')]"))): Switches focus to a frame based on a prefix match of the ID attribute
using XPath.

Alert Commands

1. driver.switchTo().alert(): Switches to the currently displayed alert.

2. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Accepts the currently displayed alert.
3. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Dismisses the currently displayed alert.
4. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Retrieves the text from the currently displayed alert.
5. driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("text"): Sends the specified text to the currently
displayed prompt alert.
6. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Accepts the alert or prompt.
7. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Dismisses the alert or prompt.
8. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Retrieves the text of the alert or prompt.
9. driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("input text"): Inputs text into a prompt alert.
10. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Accepts the confirmation dialog.
11. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Dismisses the confirmation dialog.
12. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Gets the text of the confirmation dialog.
13. driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("sample text"): Sends text to the prompt dialog.
14. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Accepts a prompt dialog with text.
15. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Dismisses a prompt dialog without text.
16. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Retrieves text from a prompt dialog.
17. driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("text input"): Inputs text into a prompt dialog.
18. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Confirms an alert dialog.
19. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Cancels an alert dialog.
20. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Retrieves the text from an alert dialog.
21. driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("input"): Types input into a prompt alert.
22. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Accepts an alert with a single button.
23. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Dismisses an alert with a single button.
24. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Gets the text content of an alert with a single button.
25. driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("text"): Sends a text string to a prompt alert.
26. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Accepts a prompt alert with text.
27. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Dismisses a prompt alert without entering text.
28. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Retrieves the text from a prompt alert.
29. driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("sample"): Inputs sample text into a prompt alert.
30. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Confirms a prompt alert with provided text.
31. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Cancels a prompt alert with provided text.
32. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Gets the prompt alert's message.
33. driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("example text"): Types example text into a prompt alert.
34. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Accepts a prompt dialog with example text.
35. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Dismisses a prompt dialog with example text.
36. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Gets the message from a prompt dialog with example
text.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

37. driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("input example"): Enters input example into a prompt

dialog.
38. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Accepts an example prompt dialog.
39. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Dismisses an example prompt dialog.
40. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Retrieves text from an example prompt dialog.
41. driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("testing text"): Inputs testing text into a prompt dialog.
42. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Accepts a testing prompt dialog.
43. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Dismisses a testing prompt dialog.
44. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Gets the testing text from a prompt dialog.
45. driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("test input"): Sends test input to a prompt dialog.
46. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Confirms a test prompt dialog.
47. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Cancels a test prompt dialog.
48. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Retrieves the text from a test prompt dialog.
49. driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("text entry"): Types text entry into a prompt alert.
50. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Accepts a text entry prompt alert.
51. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Dismisses a text entry prompt alert.
52. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Gets the text from a text entry prompt alert.

Element Interaction Commands

1. driver.findElement(By.id("elementId")): Finds an element by its ID attribute.

2. driver.findElement(By.name("elementName")): Finds an element by its name attribute.
3. driver.findElement(By.className("className")): Finds an element by its class name.
4. driver.findElement(By.tagName("tagName")): Finds an element by its tag name.
5. driver.findElement(By.linkText("linkText")): Finds a link element by its visible text.
6. driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("partialText")): Finds a link element by partial match
of its visible text.
7. driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpathExpression")): Finds an element using an XPath
expression.
8. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("cssSelector")): Finds an element using a CSS selector.
9. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='username']")): Finds an input element with
the name attribute 'username'.
10. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name='username']")): Finds an input element
with the name attribute 'username' using CSS selector.
11. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='Submit']")): Finds a button element with the
text 'Submit'.
12. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button.submitButton")): Finds a button element with
the class 'submitButton'.
13. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@class='container']//input")): Finds an input element
inside a div with class 'container'.
14. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div.container input")): Finds an input element inside a
div with class 'container' using CSS selector.
15. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='text']")): Finds an input element with type
'text'.
16. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='text']")): Finds an input element with type
'text' using CSS selector.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

17. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//textarea[@id='comments']")): Finds a textarea element

with the ID 'comments'.
18. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("textarea#comments")): Finds a textarea element with
the ID 'comments' using CSS selector.
19. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[contains(@name, 'user')]")): Finds an input element
with a name containing 'user'.
20. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name*='user']")): Finds an input element with a
name containing 'user' using CSS selector.
21. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@class='btn btn-primary']")): Finds a button
element with classes 'btn' and 'btn-primary'.
22. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button.btn.btn-primary")): Finds a button element with
classes 'btn' and 'btn-primary' using CSS selector.
23. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='main']//span[text()='Hello']")): Finds a span
element with text 'Hello' inside a div with ID 'main'.
24. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div#main span.hello")): Finds a span element with class
'hello' inside a div with ID 'main' using CSS selector.
25. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@href='/home']")): Finds an anchor element with href
attribute '/home'.
26. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a[href='/home']")): Finds an anchor element with href
attribute '/home' using CSS selector.
27. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='checkbox' and @checked]")): Finds a
checked checkbox input element.
28. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='checkbox']:checked")): Finds a checked
checkbox input element using CSS selector.
29. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='radio' and @value='option1']")): Finds a
radio button input element with value 'option1'.
30. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='radio'][value='option1']")): Finds a radio
button input element with value 'option1' using CSS selector.
31. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@name='options']//option[text()='Option 1']")):
Finds an option element with text 'Option 1' inside a select element with name 'options'.
32. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='options'] option[value='1']")): Finds an
option element with value '1' inside a select element with name 'options' using CSS selector.
33. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']//input[@name='password']")):
Finds a password input element inside a form with ID 'loginForm'.
34. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("form#loginForm input[name='password']")): Finds a
password input element inside a form with ID 'loginForm' using CSS selector.
35. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[contains(@class, 'alert')]/button")): Finds a button
element inside a div with class containing 'alert'.
36. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div.alert button")): Finds a button element inside a div
with class 'alert' using CSS selector.
37. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//table[@id='data']//tr[1]/td[2]")): Finds a table cell in the
first row and second column of a table with ID 'data'.
38. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("table#data tr:nth-child(1) td:nth-child(2)")): Finds a
table cell in the first row and second column using CSS selector.
39. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='sidebar']//a[contains(text(), 'Home')]")): Finds
an anchor element containing text 'Home' inside a div with ID 'sidebar'.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

40. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div#sidebar a:contains('Home')")): Finds an anchor

element containing text 'Home' inside a div with ID 'sidebar' using CSS selector.
41. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='search']")): Finds a search input element by
its name attribute.
42. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name='search']")): Finds a search input element
by its name attribute using CSS selector.
43. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(@class, 'submit')]")): Finds a button
element with class containing 'submit'.
44. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button.submit")): Finds a button element with class
'submit' using CSS selector.
45. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@class='nav-link'][text()='Contact']")): Finds a link with
text 'Contact' and class 'nav-link'.
46. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a.nav-link:contains('Contact')")): Finds a link with text
'Contact' and class 'nav-link' using CSS selector.
47. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='text' and @placeholder='Search']")): Finds a
text input element with placeholder 'Search'.
48. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='text'][placeholder='Search']")): Finds a text
input element with placeholder 'Search' using CSS selector.
49. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//form[@id='searchForm']//input[@name='query']")): Finds
an input element with name 'query' inside a form with ID 'searchForm'.
50. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("form#searchForm input[name='query']")): Finds an
input element with name 'query' inside a form with ID 'searchForm' using CSS selector.
51. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[@class='error-message']")): Finds a span element
with class 'error-message'.
52. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("span.error-message")): Finds a span element with class
'error-message' using CSS selector.
53. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='submit']")): Finds a submit button input
element.
54. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='submit']")): Finds a submit button input
element using CSS selector.
55. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='content']//button[text()='Submit']")): Finds a
submit button inside a div with ID 'content'.
56. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div#content button.submit")): Finds a submit button
inside a div with ID 'content' using CSS selector.
57. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='email' and @name='email']")): Finds an
email input element with name 'email'.
58. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='email'][name='email']")): Finds an email
input element with name 'email' using CSS selector.
59. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@id='dropdown']//option[text()='Option A']")):
Finds an option with text 'Option A' inside a select element with ID 'dropdown'.
60. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select#dropdown option[value='A']")): Finds an option
with value 'A' inside a select element with ID 'dropdown' using CSS selector.
61. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='file']")): Finds a file input element.
62. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='file']")): Finds a file input element using CSS
selector.
63. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//textarea[@rows='4']")): Finds a textarea element with 4
rows.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

64. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("textarea[rows='4']")): Finds a textarea element with 4

rows using CSS selector.
65. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@type='button' and text()='Cancel']")): Finds a
button element with type 'button' and text 'Cancel'.
66. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button[type='button']:contains('Cancel')")): Finds a
button element with type 'button' and text 'Cancel' using CSS selector.

Element Action Commands

1. driver.click(): Clicks on the specified element.

2. driver.sendKeys("text"): Sends the specified text to the element, simulating keyboard input.
3. driver.clear(): Clears the text input field.
4. driver.submit(): Submits the form containing the element.
5. driver.getAttribute("attributeName"): Retrieves the value of the specified attribute of the
element.
6. driver.getText(): Gets the visible text of the element.
7. driver.isDisplayed(): Checks if the element is visible on the page.
8. driver.isEnabled(): Checks if the element is enabled.
9. driver.isSelected(): Checks if the element is selected, applicable for checkboxes and radio
buttons.
10. driver.hover(): Hovers the mouse over the specified element (requires Actions class).
11. driver.doubleClick(): Double-clicks on the specified element (requires Actions class).
12. driver.rightClick(): Performs a right-click on the element (requires Actions class).
13. driver.dragAndDrop(source, target): Drags an element from source to target (requires
Actions class).
14. driver.moveToElement(element): Moves the mouse to the center of the specified element
(requires Actions class).
15. driver.clickAndHold(): Clicks and holds the specified element (requires Actions class).
16. driver.release(): Releases the held element (requires Actions class).
17. driver.perform(): Executes all actions in the Actions class (requires Actions class).
18. driver.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER): Sends the Enter key to the element.
19. driver.sendKeys(Keys.TAB): Sends the Tab key to the element.
20. driver.sendKeys(Keys.BACK_SPACE): Sends the Backspace key to the element.
21. driver.sendKeys(Keys.ESCAPE): Sends the Escape key to the element.
22. driver.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "a"): Sends Ctrl+A key combination to the element.
23. driver.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "c"): Sends Ctrl+C key combination to the element.
24. driver.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "v"): Sends Ctrl+V key combination to the element.
25. driver.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "x"): Sends Ctrl+X key combination to the element.
26. driver.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", element): Scrolls the element
into view using JavaScript.
27. driver.executeScript("arguments[0].click();", element): Clicks on the element using
JavaScript.
28. driver.executeScript("arguments[0].value='text';", element): Sets the value of an input field
using JavaScript.
29. driver.executeScript("arguments[0].style.border='2px solid red';", element): Highlights the
element by changing its border color using JavaScript.

Stay tuned with Sonu Madheshiya on LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/sonumadheshiya/ for

more interesting content on automation testing.

 SELENIUM COMMANDS

30. driver.executeScript("return arguments[0].innerHTML;", element): Retrieves the HTML

content of the element using JavaScript.
31. driver.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollBy(0, -100);", element): Scrolls the element up by
100 pixels using JavaScript.
32. driver.executeScript("arguments[0].focus();", element): Focuses on the element using
JavaScript.
33. driver.executeScript("arguments[0].blur();", element): Removes focus from the element
using JavaScript.
34. driver.executeScript("arguments[0].select();", element): Selects the content of a text input
field using JavaScript.
35. driver.executeScript("arguments[0].setAttribute('attributeName', 'value');", element): Sets
an attribute of the element using JavaScript.
36. driver.executeScript("arguments[0].click();", element): Clicks the element using JavaScript.
37. driver.sendKeys(Keys.PAGE_DOWN): Sends the Page Down key to scroll down the page.
38. driver.sendKeys(Keys.PAGE_UP): Sends the Page Up key to scroll up the page.
39. driver.sendKeys(Keys.HOME): Sends the Home key to move the cursor to the beginning of
the line.
40. driver.sendKeys(Keys.END): Sends the End key to move the cursor to the end of the line.
41. driver.sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN): Sends the Down Arrow key to navigate down.
42. driver.sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP): Sends the Up Arrow key to navigate up.
43. driver.sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT): Sends the Left Arrow key to navigate left.
44. driver.sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_RIGHT): Sends the Right Arrow key to navigate right.
45. driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath")).click(): Clicks on an element located by XPath.
46. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("cssSelector")).sendKeys("text"): Sends text to an
element located by CSS selector.
47. driver.findElement(By.id("elementId")).clear(): Clears the text input field of an element
located by ID.
48. driver.findElement(By.name("elementName")).submit(): Submits the form containing the
element located by name.
49. driver.findElement(By.className("className")).getAttribute("attributeName"): Retrieves
the value of the specified attribute from an element located by class name.
50. driver.findElement(By.tagName("tagName")).getText(): Gets the visible text from an
element located by tag name.
51. driver.findElement(By.linkText("linkText")).click(): Clicks on a link element located by
visible text.
52. driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("partialText")).click(): Clicks on a link element
located by partial text.
53. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input")).sendKeys("text"): Sends text to an input element
located by XPath.
54. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input")).click(): Clicks on an input element located by
CSS selector.
55. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button")).click(): Clicks on a button element located by
XPath.
56. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button")).click(): Clicks on a button element located by
CSS selector.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

Wait Commands

1. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(10)): Sets an implicit wait of

10 seconds for the WebDriver to wait for elements to be available.
2. WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));: Creates a
WebDriverWait instance with a timeout of 10 seconds.
3. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(element)): Waits until the specified element is
visible on the page.
4. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(element)): Waits until the specified
element is clickable.
5. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleIs("Page Title")): Waits until the page title matches the
specified title.
6. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.urlContains("partOfUrl")): Waits until the current URL
contains the specified substring.
7. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElement(element, "text")): Waits until the
specified text is present in the given element.
8. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeSelected(element)): Waits until the specified
element is selected.
9. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.invisibilityOf(element)): Waits until the specified element is
not visible.
10. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.stalenessOf(element)): Waits until the specified element is
no longer attached to the DOM.
11. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()): Waits until an alert is present on the page.
12. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(frameElement)): Waits
until the specified frame is available and switches to it.
13. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.numberOfElementsToBeMoreThan(By.xpath("xpath"), 5)):
Waits until the number of elements located by the XPath is greater than 5.
14. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("elementId"))): Waits until the
element located by ID is clickable.
15. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.className("className"))):
Waits until the element located by class name is visible.
16. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//tagName"))): Waits
until the element located by XPath is visible.
17. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector("cssSelector"))):
Waits until the element located by CSS selector is visible.
18. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElementLocated(By.name("elementName"
), "text")): Waits until the specified text is present in the element located by name.
19. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElementLocated(By.xpath("//element")),
"text"): Waits until the specified text is present in the element located by XPath.
20. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.attributeToBe(By.id("elementId"), "attributeName",
"value")): Waits until the specified attribute of the element located by ID has the specified
value.
21. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.attributeToBe(By.cssSelector("cssSelector"),
"attributeName", "value")): Waits until the specified attribute of the element located by CSS
selector has the specified value.
22. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBe(By.className("className"), "text")): Waits until
the text of the element located by class name matches the specified text.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

23. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleContains("partialTitle")): Waits until the page title

contains the specified partial title.
24. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.urlToBe("http://example.com")): Waits until the current
URL matches the specified URL.
25. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.urlMatches("regexPattern")): Waits until the current URL
matches the specified regex pattern.
26. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(By.id("frameId"))):
Waits until the frame located by ID is available and switches to it.
27. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(By.xpath("//iframe"))):
Waits until the frame located by XPath is available and switches to it.
28. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath("//button"))): Waits until
the button element located by XPath is clickable.
29. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.invisibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("elementId"))): Waits
until the element located by ID is not visible.
30. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.stalenessOfElementLocated(By.name("elementName"))):
Waits until the element located by name is no longer attached to the DOM.
31. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()): Waits until an alert is present on the page.
32. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.cssSelector("button.submit"))):
Waits until the button element located by CSS selector is clickable.
33. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElementLocated(By.className("message"
), "Success")): Waits until the text 'Success' is present in the element located by class name.
34. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.className("submitButton"))):
Waits until the element located by class name is clickable.
35. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleContains("Dashboard")): Waits until the page title
contains 'Dashboard'.
36. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath("//input[@type='submit']")
)): Waits until the submit button element located by XPath is clickable.
37. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.linkText("Login"))): Waits
until the link with text 'Login' is visible.
38. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElementLocated(By.xpath("//div[@id='m
essage']"), "Welcome")): Waits until the text 'Welcome' is present in the element located by
XPath.
39. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath("//a[@href='logout']"))):
Waits until the link element with href 'logout' is clickable.
40. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector("span.error"))):
Waits until the span element with class 'error' is visible.
41. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath("//button[@type='submit']"
))): Waits until the submit button element located by XPath is clickable.
42. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElementLocated(By.cssSelector("div.alert"
), "Error")): Waits until the text 'Error' is present in the element located by CSS selector.
43. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//h1[text()='Welcome
']"))): Waits until the h1 element with text 'Welcome' is visible.
44. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.urlToBe("https://example.com/home")): Waits until the
current URL matches 'https://example.com/home'.
45. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("username"))): Waits until
the element with ID 'username' is visible.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

46. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath("//a[text()='Help']"))):
Waits until the link with text 'Help' is clickable.
47. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath("//input[@type='text']"))):
Waits until the text input field element located by XPath is clickable.
48. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector("input[type='pass
word']"))): Waits until the password input field is visible.
49. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(By.xpath("//iframe[@na
me='frame']"))): Waits until the iframe with name 'frame' is available and switches to it.
50. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath("//button[@id='submit']"))
): Waits until the button with ID 'submit' is clickable.
51. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.name("searchField"))): Waits
until the search field element located by name is visible.

Keyboard and Mouse Action Commands (Advanced User Interactions)

1. Actions actions = new Actions(driver): Creates a new Actions instance for performing
advanced user interactions.
2. actions.moveToElement(element).perform(): Moves the mouse to the center of the specified
element and performs the action.
3. actions.click(element).perform(): Clicks on the specified element.
4. actions.doubleClick(element).perform(): Double-clicks on the specified element.
5. actions.contextClick(element).perform(): Performs a right-click on the specified element.
6. actions.clickAndHold(element).perform(): Clicks and holds the specified element.
7. actions.release(element).perform(): Releases the held element.
8. actions.dragAndDrop(source, target).perform(): Drags an element from the source to the
target.
9. actions.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER).perform(): Sends the Enter key to the element.
10. actions.sendKeys(Keys.TAB).perform(): Sends the Tab key to the element.
11. actions.sendKeys(Keys.BACK_SPACE).perform(): Sends the Backspace key to the element.
12. actions.sendKeys(Keys.ESCAPE).perform(): Sends the Escape key to the element.
13. actions.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "a").perform(): Sends Ctrl+A key combination to the
element.
14. actions.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "c").perform(): Sends Ctrl+C key combination to the
element.
15. actions.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "v").perform(): Sends Ctrl+V key combination to the
element.
16. actions.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "x").perform(): Sends Ctrl+X key combination to the
element.
17. actions.moveToElement(element, offsetX, offsetY).perform(): Moves the mouse to the
specified offset from the center of the element.
18. actions.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys("text").keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).perform(): Sends text
with Shift key held down.
19. actions.keyDown(Keys.ALT).sendKeys("text").keyUp(Keys.ALT).perform(): Sends text with
Alt key held down.
20. actions.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("text").keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).perform():
Sends text with Ctrl key held down.
21. actions.pause(Duration.ofSeconds(2)).perform(): Pauses the execution for 2 seconds.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

22. actions.moveByOffset(100, 200).perform(): Moves the mouse by an offset of 100 pixels

horizontally and 200 pixels vertically.
23. actions.moveToElement(element).click().perform(): Moves to the element and clicks on it.
24. actions.doubleClick().perform(): Double-clicks at the current mouse position.
25. actions.contextClick().perform(): Right-clicks at the current mouse position.
26. actions.clickAndHold().perform(): Clicks and holds at the current mouse position.
27. actions.dragAndDropBy(source, 100, 200).perform(): Drags an element from the source to a
position offset by 100 pixels horizontally and 200 pixels vertically.
28. actions.scrollByAmount(0, 100).perform(): Scrolls vertically by 100 pixels.
29. actions.scrollByAmount(100, 0).perform(): Scrolls horizontally by 100 pixels.
30. actions.sendKeys(Keys.PAGE_DOWN).perform(): Sends the Page Down key to scroll down
the page.
31. actions.sendKeys(Keys.PAGE_UP).perform(): Sends the Page Up key to scroll up the page.
32. actions.sendKeys(Keys.HOME).perform(): Sends the Home key to move the cursor to the
start of the line.
33. actions.sendKeys(Keys.END).perform(): Sends the End key to move the cursor to the end of
the line.
34. actions.sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).perform(): Sends the Down Arrow key to navigate
down.
35. actions.sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP).perform(): Sends the Up Arrow key to navigate up.
36. actions.sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT).perform(): Sends the Left Arrow key to navigate left.
37. actions.sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_RIGHT).perform(): Sends the Right Arrow key to navigate
right.
38. actions.moveToElement(element).keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).click().keyUp(Keys.CONTROL)
.perform(): Moves to the element, holds Ctrl key, clicks on the element, and then releases
Ctrl key.
39. actions.moveToElement(element).keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).click().keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).perfor
m(): Moves to the element, holds Shift key, clicks on the element, and then releases Shift key.
40. actions.moveToElement(element).clickAndHold().moveByOffset(50,
50).release().perform(): Clicks and holds an element, moves by an offset, and then releases.
41. actions.sendKeys(Keys.F5).perform(): Sends the F5 key to refresh the page.
42. actions.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("t").keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).perform(): Sends
Ctrl+T key combination to open a new tab.
43. actions.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("w").keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).perform(): Sends
Ctrl+W key combination to close the current tab.
44. actions.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("n").keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).perform(): Sends
Ctrl+N key combination to open a new window.
45. actions.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("p").keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).perform(): Sends
Ctrl+P key combination to open the print dialog.
46. actions.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("s").keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).perform(): Sends
Ctrl+S key combination to open the save dialog.
47. actions.keyDown(Keys.ALT).sendKeys("f4").keyUp(Keys.ALT).perform(): Sends Alt+F4 key
combination to close the current window.
48. actions.sendKeys(Keys.INSERT).perform(): Sends the Insert key to toggle between insert
and overwrite mode.
49. actions.sendKeys(Keys.DELETE).perform(): Sends the Delete key to remove the next
character.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

50. actions.sendKeys(Keys.BACK_SPACE).perform(): Sends the Backspace key to remove the

previous character.
51. actions.moveToElement(element).click().sendKeys("text").perform(): Moves to the element,
clicks on it, and sends text.
52. actions.moveToElement(element).click().sendKeys(Keys.TAB).perform(): Moves to the
element, clicks on it, and sends the Tab key to move focus.
53. actions.moveToElement(element).sendKeys(Keys.ENTER).perform(): Moves to the element
and sends the Enter key.
54. actions.moveToElement(element).sendKeys(Keys.ESCAPE).perform(): Moves to the element
and sends the Escape key.

Cookies Management Commands

1. driver.manage().getCookies(): Retrieves all cookies visible to the current page.

2. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName"): Retrieves a specific cookie by its name.
3. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value")): Adds a new cookie with the
specified name and value.
4. driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("cookieName"): Deletes a specific cookie by its name.
5. driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie): Deletes the specified cookie object.
6. driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(): Deletes all cookies associated with the current domain.
7. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").getName(): Retrieves the name of a
specific cookie.
8. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").getValue(): Retrieves the value of a
specific cookie.
9. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").getDomain(): Retrieves the domain of a
specific cookie.
10. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").getPath(): Retrieves the path of a specific
cookie.
11. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").getExpiry(): Retrieves the expiry date of a
specific cookie.
12. driver.manage().getCookies().size(): Retrieves the number of cookies visible to the current
page.
13. driver.manage().getCookies().contains(new Cookie("name", "value")): Checks if a specific
cookie exists.
14. driver.manage().getCookies().stream().filter(cookie ->
"name".equals(cookie.getName())).findFirst(): Finds a specific cookie by name.
15. driver.manage().getCookies().forEach(cookie -> System.out.println(cookie.getName() + ": "
+ cookie.getValue())): Prints all cookies and their values.
16. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date())):
Adds a new cookie with domain, path, and expiry date.
17. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", null, null, new Date())): Adds a
new cookie with only name, value, and expiry date.
18. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path")): Adds a new
cookie with domain and path.
19. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", null, "/path")): Adds a new cookie
with path only.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

20. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", null, new Date())): Adds

a new cookie with domain and expiry date.
21. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", null, null, new Date())): Adds a
new cookie with expiry date only.
22. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain")): Adds a new cookie
with domain only.
23. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "/path")): Adds a new cookie with
path only.
24. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value")): Adds a new cookie with default
domain and path.
25. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").toString(): Converts a specific cookie to a
string representation.
26. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date(),
true, true)): Adds a secure and HTTP-only cookie.
27. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date(),
false, false)): Adds a non-secure and non-HTTP-only cookie.
28. driver.manage().deleteCookie(new Cookie("name", "value")): Deletes a cookie based on its
name and value.
29. driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(): Deletes all cookies for the current domain.
30. driver.manage().getCookies().stream().filter(cookie -> cookie.getExpiry() !=
null).collect(Collectors.toList()): Retrieves all cookies with expiry dates.
31. driver.manage().getCookies().stream().filter(cookie ->
cookie.getDomain().equals("domain")).collect(Collectors.toList()): Retrieves all cookies for
a specific domain.
32. driver.manage().getCookies().stream().filter(cookie ->
cookie.getPath().equals("/path")).collect(Collectors.toList()): Retrieves all cookies for a
specific path.
33. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").isHttpOnly(): Checks if a specific cookie is
HTTP-only.
34. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").isSecure(): Checks if a specific cookie is
secure.
35. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date(),
true)): Adds a secure cookie with expiry date.
36. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", null, false)):
Adds a non-secure cookie without expiry date.
37. driver.manage().getCookies().stream().filter(cookie ->
"name".equals(cookie.getName())).forEach(cookie ->
System.out.println(cookie.getValue())): Retrieves and prints the value of a specific cookie.
38. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date(),
false, true)): Adds a non-secure, HTTP-only cookie.
39. driver.manage().getCookies().stream().filter(cookie ->
cookie.getName().startsWith("prefix")).collect(Collectors.toList()): Retrieves all cookies
with names starting with a specific prefix.
40. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date(),
true, false)): Adds a secure, non-HTTP-only cookie.
41. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date(),
false, true)): Adds a non-secure, HTTP-only cookie.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

42. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", null, true,

true)): Adds a secure, HTTP-only cookie with no expiry date.
43. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date(),
true, false)): Adds a secure, non-HTTP-only cookie with expiry date.
44. driver.manage().getCookies().stream().map(cookie -> cookie.getName() + "=" +
cookie.getValue()).collect(Collectors.joining("; ")): Creates a string representation of all
cookies in a format suitable for sending in HTTP headers.

Screen Capture Commands

1. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE): Captures a screenshot and returns it as a File

object.
2. File screenshot = driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE): Captures a screenshot and
stores it in a File variable.
3. FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Copies the screenshot
file to a specified location.
4. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES): Captures a screenshot and returns it as a byte
array.
5. byte[] screenshotBytes = driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES): Captures a
screenshot and stores it as a byte array.
6. BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(new File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Reads the
screenshot file into a BufferedImage.
7. ImageIO.write(image, "png", new File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Writes the
BufferedImage to a file in PNG format.
8. driver.manage().window().getSize(): Retrieves the size of the current window for use in
custom screenshot implementations.
9. driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768)): Resizes the current
window to the specified dimensions before taking a screenshot.
10. File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE): Captures a
screenshot from a WebDriver instance cast to TakesScreenshot.
11. ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE): Directly captures a
screenshot from a TakesScreenshot instance.
12. FileUtils.copyFile(((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE), new
File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Copies the screenshot file to a specified location.
13. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE): Captures a screenshot of the current page and
returns it as a File object.
14. File screenshot = driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE): Captures a screenshot and
stores it as a File object.
15. BufferedImage bufferedImage = ImageIO.read(screenshot): Converts the screenshot file to a
BufferedImage.
16. ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "png", new File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Saves the
BufferedImage as a PNG file.
17. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BASE64): Captures a screenshot and returns it as a
Base64-encoded string.
18. String screenshotBase64 = driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BASE64): Captures a
screenshot and stores it as a Base64-encoded string.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

19. byte[] screenshotBytes = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES):

Captures a screenshot and stores it as a byte array.
20. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES): Retrieves the screenshot as a byte array for
custom handling.
21. FileUtils.copyFile(((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE), new
File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Saves the screenshot to a specified file.
22. BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(new File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Reads the
screenshot file into a BufferedImage for further processing.
23. ImageIO.write(image, "png", new File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Writes the
BufferedImage to a PNG file for storage.
24. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE): Takes a screenshot and returns it as a file object
for saving.
25. FileUtils.copyFile(screenshotFile, new File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Copies the
screenshot file to a specific path.
26. BufferedImage screenshotImage = ImageIO.read(new File("path/to/screenshot.png")):
Loads the screenshot image for manipulation or validation.
27. ImageIO.write(screenshotImage, "png", new File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Saves the
loaded screenshot image to a PNG file.
28. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES): Captures a screenshot as a byte array for
further use in testing.
29. byte[] screenshotData = driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES): Retrieves the
screenshot data as a byte array.
30. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BASE64): Gets the screenshot as a Base64-encoded
string for web-based applications.
31. String screenshotBase64String = driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BASE64): Captures
and stores the screenshot as a Base64-encoded string.
32. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE): Takes a screenshot and stores it in a File object
for saving or processing.
33. FileUtils.copyFile(((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE), new
File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Saves the screenshot to a file location.
34. BufferedImage screenshotBufferedImage = ImageIO.read(new
File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Converts the screenshot file to a BufferedImage for image
processing.
35. ImageIO.write(screenshotBufferedImage, "png", new File("path/to/screenshot.png")):
Saves the BufferedImage to a PNG file.
36. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE): Takes a screenshot and returns a File object
containing the screenshot.
37. File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE): Captures
the screenshot as a File object for further use.
38. BufferedImage bufferedImage = ImageIO.read(new File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Reads
the screenshot image into a BufferedImage object.
39. ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "png", new File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Writes the
BufferedImage to a file in PNG format.
40. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES): Retrieves the screenshot in byte array format
for custom handling.
41. byte[] screenshotBytes = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES):
Gets the screenshot as a byte array.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

42. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BASE64): Gets the screenshot as a Base64 string for

transmission.
43. String screenshotBase64 = driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BASE64): Retrieves the
screenshot as a Base64-encoded string.
44. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE): Captures a screenshot and returns it as a File
object.
45. FileUtils.copyFile(((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE), new
File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Saves the screenshot to a specified file path.
46. BufferedImage bufferedImage = ImageIO.read(new File("path/to/screenshot.png")):
Converts the screenshot file to a BufferedImage.
47. ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "png", new File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Saves the
BufferedImage as a PNG file.
48. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES): Retrieves the screenshot as a byte array for
processing.
49. byte[] screenshotByteArray = driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES): Gets the
screenshot in byte array format.
50. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BASE64): Captures the screenshot as a Base64 string.
51. String screenshotBase64String = driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BASE64): Retrieves
the screenshot as a Base64-encoded string.
52. driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE): Takes a screenshot and returns it as a File object
for saving.
53. FileUtils.copyFile(((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE), new
File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Copies and saves the screenshot file.
54. BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(new File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Reads the
screenshot image into a BufferedImage for manipulation.
55. ImageIO.write(image, "png", new File("path/to/screenshot.png")): Writes the
BufferedImage to a PNG file.

Session Management Commands

1. driver.manage().getCookies(): Retrieves all cookies visible to the current page, which can be
used for session management.
2. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName"): Retrieves a specific cookie by its name,
useful for checking session data.
3. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value")): Adds a new cookie, which can be
used to manage session data.
4. driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("cookieName"): Deletes a specific cookie, useful for
ending a session.
5. driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie): Deletes a specific cookie object from the session.
6. driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(): Deletes all cookies associated with the current domain,
effectively ending the session.
7. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").getName(): Retrieves the name of a
specific cookie for session management.
8. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").getValue(): Retrieves the value of a
specific cookie, useful for session validation.
9. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").getDomain(): Retrieves the domain of a
specific cookie, important for session scope.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

10. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").getPath(): Retrieves the path of a specific

cookie, affecting session management.
11. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").getExpiry(): Retrieves the expiry date of a
specific cookie, which can affect session duration.
12. driver.manage().getCookies().size(): Retrieves the number of cookies visible to the current
page, which can indicate active sessions.
13. driver.manage().getCookies().contains(new Cookie("name", "value")): Checks if a specific
cookie exists, useful for verifying active sessions.
14. driver.manage().getCookies().stream().filter(cookie ->
"name".equals(cookie.getName())).findFirst(): Finds a specific cookie by name for session
validation.
15. driver.manage().getCookies().forEach(cookie -> System.out.println(cookie.getName() + ": "
+ cookie.getValue())): Prints all cookies, useful for debugging sessions.
16. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date())):
Adds a new cookie with domain, path, and expiry date, managing session attributes.
17. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", null, null, new Date())): Adds a
new cookie with only name, value, and expiry date, affecting session duration.
18. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path")): Adds a new
cookie with domain and path, which can be used for session management.
19. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", null, "/path")): Adds a new cookie
with path only, affecting session scope.
20. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", null, new Date())): Adds
a new cookie with domain and expiry date, which affects session management.
21. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", null, null, new Date())): Adds a
new cookie with expiry date only, affecting session duration.
22. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain")): Adds a new cookie
with domain only, used for session management.
23. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "/path")): Adds a new cookie with
path only, affecting session scope.
24. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value")): Adds a new cookie with default
domain and path, which can affect the session.
25. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").toString(): Converts a specific cookie to a
string representation, useful for debugging sessions.
26. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date(),
true, true)): Adds a secure and HTTP-only cookie for session management.
27. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date(),
false, false)): Adds a non-secure and non-HTTP-only cookie, affecting session security.
28. driver.manage().deleteCookie(new Cookie("name", "value")): Deletes a cookie based on its
name and value, ending a session.
29. driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(): Deletes all cookies for the current domain, effectively
ending all sessions.
30. driver.manage().getCookies().stream().filter(cookie -> cookie.getExpiry() !=
null).collect(Collectors.toList()): Retrieves all cookies with expiry dates, affecting session
duration.
31. driver.manage().getCookies().stream().filter(cookie ->
cookie.getDomain().equals("domain")).collect(Collectors.toList()): Retrieves all cookies for
a specific domain, useful for managing session scope.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

32. driver.manage().getCookies().stream().filter(cookie ->

cookie.getPath().equals("/path")).collect(Collectors.toList()): Retrieves all cookies for a
specific path, useful for managing session scope.
33. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").isHttpOnly(): Checks if a specific cookie is
HTTP-only, affecting session security.
34. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("cookieName").isSecure(): Checks if a specific cookie is
secure, important for session security.
35. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date(),
true)): Adds a secure cookie with expiry date, managing session attributes.
36. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", null, false)):
Adds a non-secure cookie without expiry date, affecting session management.
37. driver.manage().getCookies().stream().filter(cookie ->
"name".equals(cookie.getName())).forEach(cookie ->
System.out.println(cookie.getValue())): Retrieves and prints the value of a specific cookie
for session validation.
38. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date(),
false, true)): Adds a non-secure, HTTP-only cookie, managing session security.
39. driver.manage().getCookies().stream().filter(cookie ->
cookie.getName().startsWith("prefix")).collect(Collectors.toList()): Retrieves all cookies
with names starting with a specific prefix, useful for session management.
40. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date(),
true, false)): Adds a secure, non-HTTP-only cookie with expiry date, managing session
security.
41. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date(),
false, true)): Adds a non-secure, HTTP-only cookie with expiry date, managing session
attributes.
42. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", null, true,
true)): Adds a secure, HTTP-only cookie with no expiry date, affecting session management.
43. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value", "domain", "/path", new Date(),
true, false)): Adds a secure, non-HTTP-only cookie with expiry date, managing session
attributes.
44. driver.manage().getCookies().stream().map(cookie -> cookie.getName() + "=" +
cookie.getValue()).collect(Collectors.joining("; ")): Creates a string representation of all
cookies, useful for session management in HTTP headers.

Browser Options and Capabilities Commands

1. driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(width, height)): Sets the browser

window size, useful for testing different screen resolutions.
2. driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(x, y)): Sets the position of the browser
window on the screen.
3. driver.manage().window().fullscreen(): Maximizes the browser window to full screen.
4. driver.manage().window().maximize(): Maximizes the browser window to fit the screen.
5. driver.manage().window().minimize(): Minimizes the browser window.
6. driver.manage().window().getSize(): Retrieves the current size of the browser window.
7. driver.manage().window().getPosition(): Retrieves the current position of the browser
window.

Stay tuned with Sonu Madheshiya on LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/sonumadheshiya/ for

more interesting content on automation testing.

 SELENIUM COMMANDS

8. driver.manage().window().getRect(): Retrieves the size and position of the browser

window.
9. driver.manage().window().setRect(new Rectangle(x, y, width, height)): Sets the size and
position of the browser window.
10. ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(): Initializes ChromeOptions for configuring
Chrome browser settings.
11. options.addArguments("start-maximized"): Adds an argument to start the Chrome browser
maximized.
12. options.addArguments("disable-popup-blocking"): Disables popup blocking in the Chrome
browser.
13. options.addArguments("incognito"): Launches Chrome in incognito mode.
14. options.addArguments("headless"): Runs Chrome in headless mode (without GUI).
15. options.addArguments("disable-extensions"): Disables all extensions in the Chrome
browser.
16. options.addArguments("disable-gpu"): Disables GPU hardware acceleration in Chrome.
17. options.addArguments("no-sandbox"): Runs Chrome without sandboxing for testing
purposes.
18. options.addArguments("remote-debugging-port=9222"): Enables remote debugging on port
9222 for Chrome.
19. options.setBinary("/path/to/chrome"): Sets the path to a specific Chrome binary.
20. FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(): Initializes FirefoxOptions for configuring
Firefox browser settings.
21. options.addArguments("-headless"): Runs Firefox in headless mode (without GUI).
22. options.addArguments("-private"): Launches Firefox in private browsing mode.
23. options.addArguments("-disable-popup-blocking"): Disables popup blocking in Firefox.
24. options.addArguments("-disable-extensions"): Disables all extensions in Firefox.
25. options.addArguments("-no-sandbox"): Runs Firefox without sandboxing for testing
purposes.
26. options.setBinary("/path/to/firefox"): Sets the path to a specific Firefox binary.
27. DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities(): Initializes DesiredCapabilities
for configuring browser settings.
28. capabilities.setCapability("browserName", "chrome"): Sets the browser name to Chrome in
DesiredCapabilities.
29. capabilities.setCapability("browserVersion", "89.0"): Sets the browser version in
DesiredCapabilities.
30. capabilities.setCapability("platformName", "Windows 10"): Sets the platform (OS) in
DesiredCapabilities.
31. capabilities.setCapability("acceptInsecureCerts", true): Accepts insecure SSL certificates in
DesiredCapabilities.
32. capabilities.setCapability("javascriptEnabled", true): Enables JavaScript in the browser.
33. capabilities.setCapability("pageLoadStrategy", "eager"): Sets the page load strategy to eager
(waits until the page is interactive).
34. capabilities.setCapability("timeouts", new HashMap<String, Object>() {{ put("implicit",
5000); put("pageLoad", 60000); }}): Configures timeouts for implicit waits and page loads.
35. options.setCapability(CapabilityType.ACCEPT_SSL_CERTS, true): Accepts SSL certificates in
browser options.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

36. options.setCapability(CapabilityType.UNEXPECTED_ALERT_BEHAVIOUR,
UnexpectedAlertBehaviour.IGNORE): Ignores unexpected alerts in the browser.
37. options.setCapability("proxy", proxy): Configures a proxy server for browser options.
38. capabilities.setCapability("maxInstances", 5): Sets the maximum number of browser
instances to be run concurrently.
39. capabilities.setCapability("browserName", "firefox"): Sets the browser name to Firefox in
DesiredCapabilities.
40. capabilities.setCapability("browserVersion", "90.0"): Sets the browser version to Firefox
90.0 in DesiredCapabilities.
41. capabilities.setCapability("platformName", "macOS"): Sets the platform (OS) to macOS in
DesiredCapabilities.
42. options.setCapability("browserName", "MicrosoftEdge"): Sets the browser name to
Microsoft Edge.
43. options.setCapability("browserVersion", "latest"): Sets the browser version to the latest
version available.
44. options.setCapability("platformName", "Linux"): Sets the platform (OS) to Linux in
DesiredCapabilities.
45. options.addArguments("start-maximized"): Configures the browser to start maximized by
default.
46. options.addArguments("disable-popup-blocking"): Disables the popup blocking feature in
the browser.
47. options.addArguments("disable-gpu"): Disables GPU hardware acceleration in the browser.
48. options.addArguments("headless"): Runs the browser in headless mode for testing without
a GUI.
49. options.setCapability("acceptInsecureCerts", true): Configures the browser to accept
insecure SSL certificates.
50. options.setCapability("proxy", proxy): Sets up a proxy for the browser.
51. capabilities.setCapability("enableVNC", true): Enables VNC (Virtual Network Computing) for
remote debugging.
52. capabilities.setCapability("enableVideo", true): Enables video recording of the test session.

Logs Management Commands

1. driver.manage().logs().get("browser"): Retrieves browser logs, which can help in debugging

browser-related issues.
2. driver.manage().logs().get("driver"): Retrieves driver logs, useful for debugging issues
related to the WebDriver.
3. driver.manage().logs().get("client"): Retrieves client logs, providing information about the
client-side of the browser session.
4. driver.manage().logs().get("performance"): Retrieves performance logs, which can be used
to analyze browser performance.
5. driver.manage().logs().get("server"): Retrieves server logs, useful for analyzing server-side
interactions.
6. driver.manage().logs().get("logType"): Retrieves logs for a specific type, where "logType"
can be "browser", "driver", "client", "performance", or "server".
7. driver.manage().logs().get("browser").getAll(): Retrieves all browser logs from the current
session.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

8. driver.manage().logs().get("browser").get(0): Retrieves the first entry from the browser

logs.
9. driver.manage().logs().get("browser").get(1): Retrieves the second entry from the browser
logs.
10. driver.manage().logs().get("browser").get(2): Retrieves the third entry from the browser
logs.
11. driver.manage().logs().get("browser").get(3): Retrieves the fourth entry from the browser
logs.
12. driver.manage().logs().get("browser").get(4): Retrieves the fifth entry from the browser
logs.
13. driver.manage().logs().get("driver").getAll(): Retrieves all driver logs from the current
session.
14. driver.manage().logs().get("driver").get(0): Retrieves the first entry from the driver logs.
15. driver.manage().logs().get("driver").get(1): Retrieves the second entry from the driver logs.
16. driver.manage().logs().get("driver").get(2): Retrieves the third entry from the driver logs.
17. driver.manage().logs().get("driver").get(3): Retrieves the fourth entry from the driver logs.
18. driver.manage().logs().get("driver").get(4): Retrieves the fifth entry from the driver logs.
19. driver.manage().logs().get("client").getAll(): Retrieves all client logs from the current
session.
20. driver.manage().logs().get("client").get(0): Retrieves the first entry from the client logs.
21. driver.manage().logs().get("client").get(1): Retrieves the second entry from the client logs.
22. driver.manage().logs().get("client").get(2): Retrieves the third entry from the client logs.
23. driver.manage().logs().get("client").get(3): Retrieves the fourth entry from the client logs.
24. driver.manage().logs().get("client").get(4): Retrieves the fifth entry from the client logs.
25. driver.manage().logs().get("performance").getAll(): Retrieves all performance logs from the
current session.
26. driver.manage().logs().get("performance").get(0): Retrieves the first entry from the
performance logs.
27. driver.manage().logs().get("performance").get(1): Retrieves the second entry from the
performance logs.
28. driver.manage().logs().get("performance").get(2): Retrieves the third entry from the
performance logs.
29. driver.manage().logs().get("performance").get(3): Retrieves the fourth entry from the
performance logs.
30. driver.manage().logs().get("performance").get(4): Retrieves the fifth entry from the
performance logs.
31. driver.manage().logs().get("server").getAll(): Retrieves all server logs from the current
session.
32. driver.manage().logs().get("server").get(0): Retrieves the first entry from the server logs.
33. driver.manage().logs().get("server").get(1): Retrieves the second entry from the server logs.
34. driver.manage().logs().get("server").get(2): Retrieves the third entry from the server logs.
35. driver.manage().logs().get("server").get(3): Retrieves the fourth entry from the server logs.
36. driver.manage().logs().get("server").get(4): Retrieves the fifth entry from the server logs.
37. driver.manage().logs().get("browser").get(0).getMessage(): Retrieves the message of the
first browser log entry.
38. driver.manage().logs().get("browser").get(0).getTimestamp(): Retrieves the timestamp of
the first browser log entry.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

39. driver.manage().logs().get("browser").get(0).getLevel(): Retrieves the log level of the first

browser log entry.
40. driver.manage().logs().get("driver").get(0).getMessage(): Retrieves the message of the first
driver log entry.
41. driver.manage().logs().get("driver").get(0).getTimestamp(): Retrieves the timestamp of the
first driver log entry.
42. driver.manage().logs().get("driver").get(0).getLevel(): Retrieves the log level of the first
driver log entry.
43. driver.manage().logs().get("client").get(0).getMessage(): Retrieves the message of the first
client log entry.
44. driver.manage().logs().get("client").get(0).getTimestamp(): Retrieves the timestamp of the
first client log entry.
45. driver.manage().logs().get("client").get(0).getLevel(): Retrieves the log level of the first
client log entry.
46. driver.manage().logs().get("performance").get(0).getMessage(): Retrieves the message of
the first performance log entry.
47. driver.manage().logs().get("performance").get(0).getTimestamp(): Retrieves the timestamp
of the first performance log entry.
48. driver.manage().logs().get("performance").get(0).getLevel(): Retrieves the log level of the
first performance log entry.
49. driver.manage().logs().get("server").get(0).getMessage(): Retrieves the message of the first
server log entry.
50. driver.manage().logs().get("server").get(0).getTimestamp(): Retrieves the timestamp of the
first server log entry.
51. driver.manage().logs().get("server").get(0).getLevel(): Retrieves the log level of the first
server log entry.
52. driver.manage().logs().get("browser").get(0).get("message"): Retrieves the message of the
first browser log entry in a specific format.
53. driver.manage().logs().get("driver").get(0).get("message"): Retrieves the message of the
first driver log entry in a specific format.
54. driver.manage().logs().get("client").get(0).get("message"): Retrieves the message of the first
client log entry in a specific format.
55. driver.manage().logs().get("performance").get(0).get("message"): Retrieves the message of
the first performance log entry in a specific format.
56. driver.manage().logs().get("server").get(0).get("message"): Retrieves the message of the
first server log entry in a specific format.

JavaScript Execution Commands

1. driver.executeScript("return document.title"): Executes JavaScript to return the title of the

current page.
2. driver.executeScript("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)"): Scrolls to the
bottom of the page.
3. driver.executeScript("window.scrollTo(0, 0)"): Scrolls to the top of the page.
4. driver.executeScript("arguments[0].click()", element): Clicks on the specified element using
JavaScript.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

5. driver.executeScript("return arguments[0].innerHTML", element): Returns the inner HTML

of the specified element.
6. driver.executeScript("return arguments[0].value", element): Returns the value of the
specified form element.
7. driver.executeScript("arguments[0].style.backgroundColor = 'yellow'", element): Changes
the background color of the specified element to yellow.
8. driver.executeScript("return window.location.href"): Returns the current URL of the page.
9. driver.executeScript("window.location.href = 'http://example.com'"): Navigates to the
specified URL.
10. driver.executeScript("return document.readyState"): Returns the current state of the
document (e.g., 'loading', 'interactive', 'complete').
11. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').textContent"): Returns the
text content of the specified element.
12. driver.executeScript("document.querySelector('selector').value = 'new value'"): Sets the
value of the specified input element.
13. driver.executeScript("document.querySelector('selector').setAttribute('attribute', 'value')"):
Sets an attribute of the specified element.
14. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').getAttribute('attribute')"):
Retrieves the value of an attribute of the specified element.
15. driver.executeScript("document.querySelector('selector').focus()"): Focuses on the specified
element.
16. driver.executeScript("return
window.getComputedStyle(document.querySelector('selector')).getPropertyValue('propert
y')"): Returns the computed style property value of the specified element.
17. driver.executeScript("document.querySelector('selector').blur()"): Removes focus from the
specified element.
18. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelectorAll('selector').length"): Returns the
number of elements matching the selector.
19. driver.executeScript("document.querySelector('selector').scrollIntoView()"): Scrolls the
specified element into view.
20. driver.executeScript("document.querySelector('selector').remove()"): Removes the
specified element from the DOM.
21. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').classList"): Returns the
class list of the specified element.
22. driver.executeScript("document.querySelector('selector').classList.add('class-name')"):
Adds a class to the specified element.
23. driver.executeScript("document.querySelector('selector').classList.remove('class-name')"):
Removes a class from the specified element.
24. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').checked"): Returns
whether the specified checkbox or radio button is checked.
25. driver.executeScript("document.querySelector('selector').click()"): Clicks on the specified
element using JavaScript.
26. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').dataset.attribute"):
Returns the value of a data attribute of the specified element.
27. driver.executeScript("document.querySelector('selector').setAttribute('data-attribute',
'value')"): Sets a data attribute of the specified element.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

28. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').innerHTML"): Returns the

inner HTML of the specified element.
29. driver.executeScript("document.querySelector('selector').innerHTML = 'new content'"):
Sets the inner HTML of the specified element.
30. driver.executeScript("return window.performance.timing"): Returns performance timing
information of the current page.
31. driver.executeScript("return window.localStorage.getItem('key')"): Retrieves a value from
local storage.
32. driver.executeScript("window.localStorage.setItem('key', 'value')"): Sets a value in local
storage.
33. driver.executeScript("return window.sessionStorage.getItem('key')"): Retrieves a value
from session storage.
34. driver.executeScript("window.sessionStorage.setItem('key', 'value')"): Sets a value in
session storage.
35. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').scrollHeight"): Returns the
scroll height of the specified element.
36. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').offsetWidth"): Returns the
offset width of the specified element.
37. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').offsetHeight"): Returns the
offset height of the specified element.
38. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').offsetTop"): Returns the
offset top of the specified element.
39. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').offsetLeft"): Returns the
offset left of the specified element.
40. driver.executeScript("document.querySelector('selector').setAttribute('style',
'property:value')"): Sets a CSS style property of the specified element.
41. driver.executeScript("document.querySelector('selector').dispatchEvent(new Event('event-
type'))"): Dispatches a custom event on the specified element.
42. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').dataset"): Returns all data
attributes of the specified element.
43. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').hasAttribute('attribute')"):
Checks if the specified element has the given attribute.
44. driver.executeScript("document.querySelector('selector').setAttribute('attribute', 'value')"):
Sets an attribute of the specified element.
45. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').childNodes.length"):
Returns the number of child nodes of the specified element.
46. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').parentNode"): Returns the
parent node of the specified element.
47. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').nextElementSibling"):
Returns the next sibling element of the specified element.
48. driver.executeScript("return document.querySelector('selector').previousElementSibling"):
Returns the previous sibling element of the specified element.
49. driver.executeScript("return
window.getComputedStyle(document.querySelector('selector')).visibility"): Returns the
visibility style property value of the specified element.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

50. driver.executeScript("return
window.getComputedStyle(document.querySelector('selector')).display"): Returns the
display style property value of the specified element.

File Upload and Download Commands

File Upload Commands

1. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='file']")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads
a file by specifying its path to an input element with type 'file'.
2. driver.findElement(By.id("file-upload")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a file by
specifying its path to an input element with a specific ID.
3. driver.findElement(By.name("file")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a file by specifying
its path to an input element with a specific name.
4. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='file']")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a
file using XPath to locate the file input element.
5. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input.upload")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a
file by specifying its path to a file input element with a specific class.
6. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='file']")).sendKeys("/absolute/path/to/file")
: Uploads a file using the absolute path to the file input element.
7. driver.findElement(By.id("uploadButton")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a file by
specifying its path to an element used for file uploads.
8. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='fileUpload']")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"):
Uploads a file using XPath to locate the file input element by its name attribute.
9. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#file-upload")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"):
Uploads a file by specifying its path to an input element with a specific CSS ID.
10. driver.findElement(By.className("file-input")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a file by
specifying its path to an input element with a specific class name.
11. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='file-upload']")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"):
Uploads a file using XPath to locate the file input element by its ID.
12. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input.file")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a file by
specifying its path to an input element with a specific class name.
13. driver.findElement(By.name("uploadFile")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a file by
specifying its path to an input element with a specific name.
14. driver.findElement(By.id("fileUpload")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a file by
specifying its path to an input element with a specific ID.
15. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[contains(@id,
'upload')]")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a file using XPath to locate the file input
element by a partial ID match.
16. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='file'][name='fileUpload']")).sendKeys("/pat
h/to/file"): Uploads a file by specifying its path to an input element with both type and
name attributes.
17. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#upload")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a
file by specifying its path to an input element with a specific CSS ID.
18. driver.findElement(By.name("fileUpload")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a file by
specifying its path to an input element with a specific name.
19. driver.findElement(By.className("upload-file")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a file
by specifying its path to an input element with a specific class.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

20. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='file' and

@name='file']")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a file using XPath to locate the file
input element by type and name attributes.
21. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='file'][id='fileUpload']")).sendKeys("/path/t
o/file"): Uploads a file by specifying its path to an input element with both type and ID
attributes.
22. driver.findElement(By.id("file-upload")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a file by
specifying its path to an input element with a specific ID.
23. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='file'][@id='fileUpload']")).sendKeys("/path/
to/file"): Uploads a file using XPath to locate the file input element by type and ID attributes.
24. driver.findElement(By.name("fileUpload")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a file by
specifying its path to an input element with a specific name.
25. driver.findElement(By.className("file-upload")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a file
by specifying its path to an input element with a specific class.
26. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input.upload")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a
file by specifying its path to an input element with a specific class.
27. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='file']")).sendKeys("/path/to/file"): Uploads a
file using XPath to locate the file input element.

File Download Commands

1. driver.get("http://example.com/file-download-url"): Navigates to the URL for downloading

a file.
2. driver.findElement(By.linkText("Download File")).click(): Clicks a link to download a file
based on the link text.
3. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a.download")).click(): Clicks a download link based on
its CSS class.
4. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Download']")).click(): Clicks a download link
using XPath based on its visible text.
5. driver.findElement(By.id("download")).click(): Clicks a download button or link based on its
ID.
6. driver.findElement(By.name("downloadFile")).click(): Clicks a download button or link
based on its name attribute.
7. driver.findElement(By.className("download-button")).click(): Clicks a download button or
link based on its class name.
8. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(@href, 'download')]")).click(): Clicks a
download link using XPath based on a partial href attribute.
9. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a[href*='download']")).click(): Clicks a download link
based on a partial href attribute using CSS selector.
10. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@id='download']")).click(): Clicks a download
button based on its ID.
11. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button.download")).click(): Clicks a download button
based on its CSS class.
12. driver.findElement(By.linkText("Download PDF")).click(): Clicks a download link based on
the link text for PDF files.
13. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@href='/files/sample.pdf']")).click(): Clicks a download
link for a specific file using XPath based on its href attribute.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

14. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a[href='/files/sample.docx']")).click(): Clicks a

download link for a specific file using CSS selector based on its href attribute.
15. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(), 'Sample Download')]")).click(): Clicks a
download link using XPath based on partial text.
16. driver.findElement(By.id("downloadFileButton")).click(): Clicks a download button based
on its ID.
17. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@class='file-download']")).click(): Clicks a download link
using XPath based on its class attribute.
18. driver.findElement(By.linkText("File Download")).click(): Clicks a download link based on
the link text.
19. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a.download-link")).click(): Clicks a download link based
on its CSS class.
20. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='Download']")).click(): Clicks a download
button using XPath based on its visible text.
21. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button.file-download")).click(): Clicks a download
button based on its CSS class.
22. driver.findElement(By.id("fileDownload")).click(): Clicks a download button based on its ID.
23. driver.findElement(By.name("fileDownload")).click(): Clicks a download button based on its
name attribute.
24. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@data-action='download']")).click(): Clicks a download
link using XPath based on a custom data attribute.

Proxy Management Commands

1. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value")): Adds a new cookie to the

browser session.
2. driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("name"): Deletes a specific cookie by its name.
3. driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(): Deletes all cookies for the current domain.
4. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("name"): Retrieves a specific cookie by its name.
5. driver.manage().getCookies(): Retrieves all cookies for the current domain.
6. driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(width, height)): Sets the size of the
browser window.
7. driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(x, y)): Sets the position of the browser
window on the screen.
8. driver.manage().window().maximize(): Maximizes the browser window.
9. driver.manage().window().fullscreen(): Makes the browser window fullscreen.
10. driver.manage().window().minimize(): Minimizes the browser window.
11. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the default
wait time for locating elements.
12. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
maximum time to wait for a page to load.
13. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
timeout for asynchronous scripts.
14. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the implicit
wait time for elements.
15. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
maximum wait time for a page to load.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

16. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the

maximum time for asynchronous scripts.
17. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the implicit
wait time for locating elements.
18. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
timeout for waiting for a page to load.
19. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
maximum time for scripts to execute.
20. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the implicit
wait time for elements.
21. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
maximum time to wait for a page to load.
22. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
maximum time to wait for scripts to execute.
23. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the default
wait time for element location.
24. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
the timeout for waiting for a page to load.
25. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures the
maximum time for asynchronous script execution.
26. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
implicit waits for element interactions.
27. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
maximum wait time for complete page loading.
28. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
script timeout duration.
29. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
default waiting time for elements.
30. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
maximum time allowed for a page to fully load.
31. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
maximum allowed time for scripts to run.
32. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures wait
time for locating elements.
33. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets timeout
for the page to load completely.
34. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets timeout
for executing scripts.
35. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets wait time for
locating elements.
36. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
maximum wait time for a page to load.
37. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
timeout for script execution.
38. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
implicit waits for element interactions.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

39. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures

timeout for complete page loading.
40. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
maximum time for script execution.
41. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures wait
time for locating elements.
42. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
maximum wait time for a page load.
43. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
timeout for executing scripts.
44. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets default wait
time for elements.
45. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
timeout for waiting for page to load.
46. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
maximum time for script execution.
47. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets implicit wait
time for elements.
48. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
timeout for complete page loading.
49. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
maximum time for script execution.

Mobile Web Testing Commands (Specific to Appium)

1. driver.findElement(By.id("element_id")).click(): Clicks on a web element identified by its ID.

2. driver.findElement(By.name("element_name")).sendKeys("text"): Sends text to a web
element identified by its name.
3. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpath")).click(): Clicks on a web element using XPath.
4. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("selector")).getText(): Retrieves the text from a web
element using CSS selector.
5. driver.findElement(By.className("class_name")).isDisplayed(): Checks if a web element is
displayed.
6. driver.findElement(By.linkText("link_text")).click(): Clicks on a link identified by its text.
7. driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("partial_link_text")).click(): Clicks on a link identified
by partial text.
8. driver.findElement(By.tagName("tag_name")).sendKeys("text"): Sends text to a web
element identified by its tag name.
9. driver.findElement(By.id("element_id")).submit(): Submits a form element identified by its
ID.
10. driver.findElement(By.name("element_name")).clear(): Clears the text from a web element
identified by its name.
11. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpath")).getAttribute("attribute_name"): Retrieves the
value of an attribute from a web element using XPath.
12. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("selector")).getAttribute("attribute_name"): Retrieves
the value of an attribute from a web element using CSS selector.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

13. driver.findElement(By.className("class_name")).click(): Clicks on a web element identified

by its class name.
14. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpath")).sendKeys("text"): Sends text to a web element
using XPath.
15. driver.findElement(By.name("element_name")).isEnabled(): Checks if a web element
identified by its name is enabled.
16. driver.findElement(By.id("element_id")).getText(): Retrieves the text from a web element
identified by its ID.
17. driver.findElement(By.linkText("link_text")).getText(): Retrieves the text from a link
identified by its text.
18. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpath")).getSize(): Retrieves the size of a web element
using XPath.
19. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("selector")).getSize(): Retrieves the size of a web element
using CSS selector.
20. driver.findElement(By.className("class_name")).getLocation(): Retrieves the location of a
web element identified by its class name.
21. driver.findElement(By.id("element_id")).getLocation(): Retrieves the location of a web
element identified by its ID.
22. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpath")).isSelected(): Checks if a web element is selected
using XPath.
23. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("selector")).isSelected(): Checks if a web element is
selected using CSS selector.
24. driver.findElement(By.className("class_name")).getCssValue("property_name"): Retrieves
the value of a CSS property from a web element identified by its class name.
25. driver.findElement(By.name("element_name")).getCssValue("property_name"): Retrieves
the value of a CSS property from a web element identified by its name.
26. driver.findElement(By.id("element_id")).findElement(By.xpath("//child_xpath")).click():
Clicks on a child element of a web element identified by its ID.
27. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("selector")).findElement(By.className("child_class_nam
e")).click(): Clicks on a child element of a web element identified by its CSS selector.
28. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpath")).findElement(By.name("child_name")).click():
Clicks on a child element of a web element identified by its XPath.
29. driver.findElement(By.className("class_name")).findElement(By.linkText("child_link_text"
)).click(): Clicks on a child element of a web element identified by its class name.
30. driver.findElement(By.id("element_id")).findElement(By.tagName("tag_name")).sendKeys("
text"): Sends text to a child element of a web element identified by its ID.
31. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpath")).findElement(By.cssSelector("child_selector")).getT
ext(): Retrieves the text from a child element using XPath.
32. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("selector")).findElement(By.xpath("//child_xpath")).getT
ext(): Retrieves the text from a child element using CSS selector.
33. driver.findElement(By.className("class_name")).findElement(By.xpath("//child_xpath")).g
etAttribute("attribute_name"): Retrieves the value of an attribute from a child element using
class name.
34. driver.findElement(By.id("element_id")).findElement(By.linkText("child_link_text")).getCss
Value("property_name"): Retrieves the value of a CSS property from a child element using
ID.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

35. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpath")).findElement(By.name("child_name")).getLocation
(): Retrieves the location of a child element using XPath.
36. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("selector")).findElement(By.className("child_class_nam
e")).isDisplayed(): Checks if a child element is displayed using CSS selector.
37. driver.findElement(By.className("class_name")).findElement(By.cssSelector("child_selecto
r")).isEnabled(): Checks if a child element is enabled using class name.
38. driver.findElement(By.id("element_id")).findElement(By.xpath("//child_xpath")).isSelected
(): Checks if a child element is selected using ID.
39. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpath")).findElement(By.linkText("child_link_text")).clear()
: Clears the text from a child element using XPath.
40. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("selector")).findElement(By.className("child_class_nam
e")).submit(): Submits a child element using CSS selector.
41. driver.findElement(By.className("class_name")).findElement(By.tagName("tag_name")).se
ndKeys("text"): Sends text to a child element using class name.
42. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpath")).findElement(By.cssSelector("child_selector")).get
Attribute("attribute_name"): Retrieves the value of an attribute from a child element using
XPath.
43. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("selector")).findElement(By.tagName("tag_name")).getSi
ze(): Retrieves the size of a child element using CSS selector.
44. driver.findElement(By.className("class_name")).findElement(By.xpath("//child_xpath")).g
etCssValue("property_name"): Retrieves the value of a CSS property from a child element
using class name.
45. driver.findElement(By.id("element_id")).findElement(By.className("child_class_name")).ge
tText(): Retrieves the text from a child element using ID.
46. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpath")).findElement(By.tagName("tag_name")).isDisplaye
d(): Checks if a child element is displayed using XPath.
47. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("selector")).findElement(By.name("child_name")).getTex
t(): Retrieves the text from a child element using CSS selector.
48. driver.findElement(By.className("class_name")).findElement(By.cssSelector("child_selecto
r")).getAttribute("attribute_name"): Retrieves the value of an attribute from a child element
using class name.
49. driver.findElement(By.id("element_id")).findElement(By.xpath("//child_xpath")).getSize():
Retrieves the size of a child element using ID.
50. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpath")).findElement(By.linkText("child_link_text")).isEnab
led(): Checks if a child element is enabled using XPath.
51. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("selector")).findElement(By.name("child_name")).getSiz
e(): Retrieves the size of a child element using CSS selector.
52. driver.findElement(By.className("class_name")).findElement(By.xpath("//child_xpath")).is
Selected(): Checks if a child element is selected using class name.
53. driver.findElement(By.id("element_id")).findElement(By.className("child_class_name")).ge
tCssValue("property_name"): Retrieves the value of a CSS property from a child element
using ID.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

Remote WebDriver Commands

1. driver.get("URL"): Navigates to the specified URL in the current browser window.

2. driver.navigate().to("URL"): Navigates to a new URL.
3. driver.navigate().back(): Navigates back to the previous page in the browser history.
4. driver.navigate().forward(): Navigates forward to the next page in the browser history.
5. driver.navigate().refresh(): Refreshes the current page.
6. driver.quit(): Closes all browser windows and ends the WebDriver session.
7. driver.close(): Closes the current browser window.
8. driver.manage().window().maximize(): Maximizes the current browser window.
9. driver.manage().window().minimize(): Minimizes the current browser window.
10. driver.manage().window().fullscreen(): Switches the browser window to fullscreen mode.
11. driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(width, height)): Sets the size of the
browser window.
12. driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(x, y)): Sets the position of the browser
window.
13. driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("name", "value")): Adds a new cookie to the
browser.
14. driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("name"): Deletes a cookie by its name.
15. driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(): Deletes all cookies for the current domain.
16. driver.manage().getCookieNamed("name"): Retrieves a specific cookie by its name.
17. driver.manage().getCookies(): Retrieves all cookies for the current domain.
18. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the implicit
wait time for locating elements.
19. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
maximum time to wait for a page to load.
20. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
timeout for asynchronous scripts.
21. driver.findElement(By.id("element_id")).click(): Clicks on an element identified by its ID.
22. driver.findElement(By.name("element_name")).sendKeys("text"): Sends text to an element
identified by its name.
23. driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpath")).getText(): Retrieves the text from an element
using XPath.
24. driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("selector")).getAttribute("attribute_name"): Retrieves an
attribute's value from an element using CSS selector.
25. driver.findElement(By.className("class_name")).isDisplayed(): Checks if an element
identified by its class name is displayed.
26. driver.findElement(By.linkText("link_text")).click(): Clicks on a link identified by its text.
27. driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("partial_link_text")).click(): Clicks on a link identified
by partial text.
28. driver.findElement(By.tagName("tag_name")).sendKeys("text"): Sends text to an element
identified by its tag name.
29. driver.findElement(By.id("element_id")).submit(): Submits a form element identified by its
ID.
30. driver.findElement(By.name("element_name")).clear(): Clears the text from an element
identified by its name.
31. driver.switchTo().frame("frame_id"): Switches to a specific iframe by its ID.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

32. driver.switchTo().defaultContent(): Switches back to the main content from an iframe.

33. driver.switchTo().window("window_handle"): Switches to a specific window by its handle.
34. driver.switchTo().alert().accept(): Accepts an alert popup.
35. driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss(): Dismisses an alert popup.
36. driver.switchTo().alert().getText(): Retrieves the text from an alert popup.
37. driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("text"): Sends text to an alert popup.
38. driver.executeScript("script"): Executes a JavaScript command.
39. driver.executeAsyncScript("script"): Executes an asynchronous JavaScript command.
40. driver.manage().logs().get(LogType.BROWSER): Retrieves browser logs.
41. driver.manage().logs().get(LogType.PERFORMANCE): Retrieves performance logs.
42. driver.manage().logs().get(LogType.CLIENT): Retrieves client logs.
43. driver.manage().logs().get(LogType.SERVER): Retrieves server logs.
44. driver.manage().window().getSize(): Retrieves the size of the browser window.
45. driver.manage().window().getPosition(): Retrieves the position of the browser window.
46. driver.getTitle(): Retrieves the title of the current page.
47. driver.getCurrentUrl(): Retrieves the URL of the current page.
48. driver.getPageSource(): Retrieves the source of the current page.
49. driver.navigate().refresh(): Refreshes the current page.
50. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
implicit wait time.
51. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
maximum wait time for page load.
52. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
script timeout duration.
53. driver.manage().window().getSize(): Gets the dimensions of the current window.
54. driver.manage().window().getPosition(): Gets the position of the current window.

WebDriver Timeout Commands

1. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the implicit

wait time for locating elements.
2. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMinutes(minutes)): Sets the implicit
wait time for locating elements.
3. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofHours(hours)): Sets the implicit wait
time for locating elements.
4. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofDays(days)): Sets the implicit wait
time for locating elements.
5. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
maximum time to wait for a page to load.
6. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofMinutes(minutes)): Sets the
maximum time to wait for a page to load.
7. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofHours(hours)): Sets the
maximum time to wait for a page to load.
8. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofDays(days)): Sets the maximum
time to wait for a page to load.
9. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets the
timeout for asynchronous script execution.

Stay tuned with Sonu Madheshiya on LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/sonumadheshiya/ for

more interesting content on automation testing.

 SELENIUM COMMANDS

10. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofMinutes(minutes)): Sets the

timeout for asynchronous script execution.
11. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofHours(hours)): Sets the timeout
for asynchronous script execution.
12. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofDays(days)): Sets the timeout for
asynchronous script execution.
13. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
implicit wait time for locating elements.
14. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMinutes(minutes)): Configures
implicit wait time for locating elements.
15. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofHours(hours)): Configures implicit
wait time for locating elements.
16. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofDays(days)): Configures implicit wait
time for locating elements.
17. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
maximum wait time for page load.
18. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofMinutes(minutes)): Configures
maximum wait time for page load.
19. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofHours(hours)): Configures
maximum wait time for page load.
20. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofDays(days)): Configures
maximum wait time for page load.
21. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Configures
script execution timeout.
22. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofMinutes(minutes)): Configures
script execution timeout.
23. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofHours(hours)): Configures script
execution timeout.
24. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofDays(days)): Configures script
execution timeout.
25. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets default
implicit wait time for elements.
26. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets default
maximum wait time for page loading.
27. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(seconds)): Sets default
maximum timeout for script execution.
28. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMinutes(minutes)): Sets implicit wait
time for element operations.
29. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofMinutes(minutes)): Sets
maximum wait time for page load.
30. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofMinutes(minutes)): Sets timeout
for script execution.
31. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofHours(hours)): Sets implicit wait
time for locating elements.
32. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofHours(hours)): Sets timeout for
complete page load.
 SELENIUM COMMANDS

33. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofHours(hours)): Sets timeout for

script execution.
34. driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofDays(days)): Configures implicit wait
duration.
35. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofDays(days)): Configures
maximum time for page load.
36. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(Duration.ofDays(days)): Configures script
execution timeout.