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Java Programmin-WPS Office

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995, known for its platform independence and security features. It has evolved through various editions and significant milestones, including the introduction of Java SE, EE, ME, and JavaFX, as well as continuous updates and enhancements. Java remains a dominant language in various domains, including web and mobile applications, enterprise software, and emerging technologies.

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Java Programmin-WPS Office

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995, known for its platform independence and security features. It has evolved through various editions and significant milestones, including the introduction of Java SE, EE, ME, and JavaFX, as well as continuous updates and enhancements. Java remains a dominant language in various domains, including web and mobile applications, enterprise software, and emerging technologies.

Uploaded by

imranali657401
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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# **Java Programming Language: A Comprehensive Overview**

## **1. Introduction to Java**

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language developed by **Sun Microsystems** in 1995


(later acquired by Oracle Corporation). It is one of the most widely used programming languages due to
its **platform independence, robustness, and security features**.

### **Key Features of Java:**

- **Platform Independent (Write Once, Run Anywhere - WORA)**

- **Object-Oriented**

- **Secure**

- **Multithreaded**

- **High Performance**

- **Dynamic and Extensible**

## **2. History of Java**

Java was created by **James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton** at Sun Microsystems in
**1991**. Initially, it was called **"Oak"** (named after an oak tree outside Gosling’s office), but later
renamed to **"Java"** (inspired by Java coffee).

### **Major Milestones in Java’s History:**

- **1991:** Green Team (Sun Microsystems) starts developing Java for embedded systems.

- **1995:** Java 1.0 officially released to the public.

- **1996:** JDK 1.0 (Java Development Kit) launched.

- **1998:** Java 2 (J2SE 1.2) introduced with major enhancements.

- **2004:** J2SE 5.0 (Java SE 5) released with generics, annotations, and auto-boxing.

- **2006:** Java becomes open-source under the GNU General Public License (GPL).
- **2014:** Java SE 8 introduced **Lambda Expressions, Stream API, and new Date/Time API**.

- **2017:** Java SE 9 introduced **modules (Project Jigsaw)**.

- **2021:** Java 17 (LTS - Long-Term Support) released with new features like sealed classes.

- **2023:** Java 21 introduced virtual threads (Project Loom) and other enhancements.

## **3. Java Editions**

Java has different editions for different computing platforms:

1. **Java SE (Standard Edition)** – Core Java for desktop applications.

2. **Java EE (Enterprise Edition)** – For enterprise-level web applications.

3. **Java ME (Micro Edition)** – For mobile and embedded systems.

4. **JavaFX** – For rich internet applications (RIA).

## **4. How Java Works (JVM, JRE, JDK)**

- **JVM (Java Virtual Machine):** Executes Java bytecode, making Java platform-independent.

- **JRE (Java Runtime Environment):** Provides libraries and JVM to run Java programs.

- **JDK (Java Development Kit):** Includes JRE + development tools (compiler, debugger).

## **5. Importance and Applications of Java**

Java is used in various domains:

- **Web Applications** (Spring, Hibernate)

- **Mobile Applications** (Android Development)

- **Enterprise Software** (Banking, E-commerce)

- **Big Data Technologies** (Hadoop, Spark)

- **Cloud Computing** (AWS, Google Cloud)


- **IoT (Internet of Things)**

- **Game Development** (LibGDX, jMonkeyEngine)

## **6. Future of Java**

Despite new languages like Python and Kotlin, Java remains dominant due to:

- **Backward Compatibility**

- **Strong Community Support**

- **Continuous Updates (New LTS versions every 2 years)**

- **Use in Emerging Technologies (AI, Blockchain)**

### **Conclusion**

Java has evolved significantly since its inception and continues to be a leading programming language.
Its **versatility, security, and scalability** make it a preferred choice for developers worldwide.

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