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4 Computer Hardware

Computer hardware consists of physical components categorized into input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse), output devices (e.g., monitor, printer), processing units (CPU), storage devices (e.g., HDD, SSD), motherboards, power supply units, expansion cards, and cooling systems. Each category serves specific functions essential for a computer's operation. Understanding these components helps in comprehending how computers work and interact with users.

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10 views3 pages

4 Computer Hardware

Computer hardware consists of physical components categorized into input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse), output devices (e.g., monitor, printer), processing units (CPU), storage devices (e.g., HDD, SSD), motherboards, power supply units, expansion cards, and cooling systems. Each category serves specific functions essential for a computer's operation. Understanding these components helps in comprehending how computers work and interact with users.

Uploaded by

DENIS RONO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system.

These can be
categorized into several types based on their function. Here are the main types of computer
hardware, with examples:

1. Input Devices

These allow users to enter data and commands into the computer.

Examples:

 Keyboard – for typing text and commands

 Mouse – for pointing, clicking, and selecting

 Scanner – for digitizing physical documents

 Microphone – for audio input

 Webcam – for capturing video and images

2. Output Devices

These display or project data from the computer to the user.

Examples:

 Monitor – displays visual output (e.g., LCD, LED screens)

 Printer – produces physical copies of digital documents

 Speakers – output audio signals

 Projector – enlarges and displays computer screen on a wall or board

3. Processing Unit (Central Processing Unit – CPU)

This is the brain of the computer where most calculations and processing take place.

Key components:

 Control Unit (CU) – directs operations within the CPU

 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – performs arithmetic and logic operations

 Registers – small storage units for quick data access

4. Storage Devices
Used to store data, either temporarily or permanently.

Examples:

 Hard Disk Drive (HDD) – long-term data storage

 Solid State Drive (SSD) – faster, more reliable storage

 RAM (Random Access Memory) – short-term memory for active tasks

 ROM (Read-Only Memory) – permanent memory for essential startup processes

 USB Flash Drive / Memory Card – portable storage options

5. Motherboard

The main circuit board that connects all components and allows communication between
them.

Includes:

 CPU socket

 RAM slots

 Expansion card slots (e.g., for GPUs)

 Power connectors

6. Power Supply Unit (PSU)

Converts electrical power from a wall outlet into usable power for internal components.

Examples:

 ATX Power Supply

 Laptop chargers with built-in power conversion

7. Expansion Cards (Optional Components)

Enhance the computer’s capabilities.

Examples:

 Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) – handles image rendering and video processing

 Sound Card – improves audio input/output quality


 Network Interface Card (NIC) – enables wired or wireless networking

8. Cooling Systems

Prevent overheating of hardware components.

Examples:

 Fans

 Heat sinks

 Liquid cooling systems

Would you like a diagram or infographic summarizing these hardware types visually?

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