Drawings

and
Assemblies
Chapter Objectives
• Understand the basics of Engineering Drawings
• Outline the industry standards followed by designers
for Engineering Drawings
• Introduce the SolidWorks environment to execute
Engineering Drawings procedure
• Give an overview of assembly concepts used to
assemble created parts
Drawings
Dimensioning
• The way a designer displays the dimensions on the
views implies how to manufacture the part
• Hence the designer must have prior knowledge about
– Drafting and Communication rules
– Manufacturing
– Common stock shapes available off the shelf
– Tolerances
ASME Abbreviation Rules
1) Minimize using abbreviations
2) Pay attention to foreign use
3) Pay attention to clarity
4) Be aware of duplicates
5) Define when extensively used
6) Take advantage of single use
7) Avoid using non standard abbreviations
8) Follow military rules
9) Use all capital letters
10) Avoid using subscripts
Sample Abbreviations
ASME Drafting Rules
1) Use Tolerances
2) Provide full feature definition
3) Show only what is needed
4) Follow functional requirements
5) Do not specify manufacturing methods
6) Show processing dimensions
7) Show Dimensions clearly
8) Use linear dimensions for specific parts
9) You may not specify 90 degree angle
10) Keep temperature in mind
11) Understand geometric tolerances
Sample Drafting Rules
ASME Dimensioning Rules
1) Be careful when to use a zero before the decimal point
2) Do not use a zero or a decimal point for a whole number
millimeter dimension
3) Do not add a zero to the decimal millimeter dimension
4) Use the same number of decimal places as its tolerance for inch
dimension
5) Show decimal points clearly
6) Use dimension lines correctly
7) Group dimension lines
8) Space dimension lines
9) Do not cross dimension lines
10) Do not cross extension (projection) lines
11) Use leaders (leader lines) if needed
ASME Dimensioning Rules Example
Dimensions (SolidWorks Types of Dims)
 Drawing Content and Layout
Drawing Content includes views, dimensions, title block, notes,
tolerances, balloons, hole callouts, weld symbols, surface finish
symbols, surface roughness values, and bill of materials (BOM)
Types of Projection
Projection is used to generate 2D views from 3D models
The two types of projection commonly used are:
First-angle projection
Third-angle projection
Views
❑ CAD/CAM systems offer different views to convey model
design
❑ Some of the view types offered by SolidWorks are
✓ Named (orthographic) views
✓ Section view
✓ Projected view
✓ Auxiliary view
✓ Detail view
✓ Crop view
✓ Broken-out section
✓ Broken view
✓ Relative view
Views example
Sheets and Title Blocks
❑ A drawing may include multiple sheets
❑ Sheets help add more views to a drawing
Design Checker

The tasks of the design checker are to

➢ Ensure that the design documented in the drawing can be
produced with least manufacturing cost
➢ Look for inconsistencies in the part dimensioning
➢ Check the part tolerances and ensure that manufacturing
processes can produce them
➢ Check the dimensioning scheme according to the set
standards
➢ Ensure that the materials are specified
Design Checker
Assembly Modeling
INTRODUCTION

➢ In most engineering designs the products of interest is

a composition of parts, formed into an assembly
➢ Modelling and representing assemblies as well as
analyzing assemblies are all relevant issues to
geometric modelling and CAD/CAM technology
➢ Parts can be modelled separately often by different
members of the design team on a CAD/CAM system
➢ Instances (copies) of these parts can be merged into a
base part or a host to generate the assembly model
Hierarchy and Mating
➢ Assembly modelling raises two modelling issues that
do not exist at the part modelling level: hierarchy and
mating
➢ Individual parts and subassemblies must be
assembled in the right hierarchy (sequence), which is
captured (stored) in an assembly tree for each
assembly or product
➢ Mating conditions are used to determine the mating
(spatial relationships and orientations) between the
assembly parts; for example, the axes of a shaft and a
hole may have to be lined up, in which case a
concentric mating condition is required
Assembly Modelling
Assembly Mates
➢ Assembly procedure applies mating
conditions (mates) to constraint parts in the
assembly
➢ A mate positions two components relative to
one another
➢ A mate applies to a face, an edge, a point or
an axis
Assembly Mates Types
Mating Conditions
➢ The MCS of the host becomes the global
coordinate system of the assembly. And Part MCS
becomes the local coordinate system for this part.
➢ Common mating conditions
– Concentric
– Coincident
– Tangent
– Coplanar
– Parallel faces
– Perpendicular faces
Coincident mating condition
Concentric mating condition
Tangent mating condition
Coplanar mating condition
Assembly Example
Assembly Modeling Approaches

❑ Bottom-Up assembly Modeling

✓ Create the parts
✓ Insert them into assembly model
✓ Use mates to position and orient parts
Bottom-up assembly approach
➢ Individual parts are created independently
➢ Inserted into an assembly
➢ Mating conditions are used to locate and orient each inserted part
correctly as required by the assembly model

➢ When a part is inserted into assembly, a copy (instance) is inserted

in reality. There is a link between the instance and the original part
➢ Advantages:
– Preferred technique if the parts have already been constructed
– Allows designer to focus on individual parts
– Makes it simpler and easier to maintain the relationship and
regeneration behaviour of parts than in top-down approach
Example (bottom-up)
Assembly Modeling Approaches

❑ Top-Down Assembly Modeling (in-context

approach)
✓ Create layout sketch
✓ Use layout sketch to define the component
shape, size and location
Top-Down assembly approach
➢ Begins with an assembly layout sketch
➢ The layout defines components in the context of
an assembly
➢ These components are empty as they do not have
any external references to actual parts and
subassemblies files yet
➢ Assembly layout defines skeletal, space claim
➢ The space claim is the most important property of
assembly layout as it shows where each assembly
components belongs

In the top-down assembly design approach, components are created

inside the Assembly Design workbench. Therefore, there is no need to
create separate part files of the components.
Example
Assembly Drawing

❑ Similar to part drawings

❑ Assembly drawings use BOMs and balloons to
fully document the assembly
Assembly Exploded View
In this view the components of the assembly are
moved along the axes of the assembly modeling
space
Assembly analysis
➢Generate assembly drawings
➢Generate parts list
➢Generate an exploded view
➢Generate sectional views
➢Perform interference checking
➢Perform collision detection
➢Perform mass property calculations
Assembly Motion Study

▪ Assembly motion study helps one to check

the assembly motion
▪ SolidWorks provides two types of motion for
an assembly
▪ Animation
▪ Basic motion
Assembly Motion Study
Interference and Collision Detection

➢ Interference and collision detection help

check whether assemblies are created
correctly and whether the dimensions of their
parts are correct relative to each other
➢ Interference analyzes static parts where as
collision analyzes moving parts
Assembly Design tables
➢ A design table is an Excel spreadsheet that is
used to create multiple configurations in a
part or an assembly document
➢ Design tables can be created to control
configuration of parts, mates as well as
distance and angle relationship between parts
Assembly Modelling

➢ A designer can analyze parts separately

➢ After the parts are created, the designer can
assemble the parts and analyze the assembly
➢ Assembly analysis may include interference
checking, mass properties, kinematics and
dynamic analysis and finite element analysis
➢ CAD systems establish a link between an
assembly and its individual parts such that the
designers need only change individual parts for
design modification, and the system updates the
assembly model automatically
Assembly Tree
Assembly Planning
➢ Identify the dependencies between the
components of an assembly
➢ Identify the dependencies between the
features of each part
➢ Analyze the order of assembling the parts;
determines the ease of the assembly
process on the shop floor, determines the
cost of creating assembly
How much planning ahead should be considered before beginning creating an assembly?
The more the better
Assembly Tree
Problems