COMPUTER OPERATIONS

UNIT CODE: 0611 551 06A

TOPIC 1

PROCESS COMPUTERIZED WORD DOCUMENT

1.1 Ergonomic Risk Factors

a) Ergonomics refers to the study of people’s efficiency in their working
environment. In computer use, it focuses on designing and arranging
workspaces, equipment, and systems so that they fit the people who
use them.

Common Ergonomic Risk Factors

Poor posture sitting: in an awkward position can cause strain on the
spine, neck, and shoulders.
Inadequate chair or desk height: A desk that is too high or too low
can lead to discomfort.
Prolonged use of keyboard and mouse: Repetitive strain injuries
such as carpal tunnel syndrome may result.
Glare from monitor or poor lighting: Can lead to eye strain or
headaches.

Preventive Measures
- Use chairs with adjustable height and lumbar support.
- Keep the monitor at eye level and an arm’s length away.
- Use wrist rests or ergonomic keyboards and mice.
- Ensure lighting is adequate and reduce screen glare.
- Take frequent breaks (every 20-30 minutes) to rest your eyes and
stretch.

1.2.1 Meaning and Importance of Computer

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or
data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. Computers
can be used to type documents, send emails, play games, and browse
the web.

Importance of Computers
Efficiency and Speed Can perform millions of instructions per
second.
Accuracy Offers high precision in calculations and operations.
Storage Can store large volumes of data and information.
Communication Used for emails, video conferencing, and
messaging.
Productivity Enhances work output in offices, schools, and
industries.
Education Access to e-learning and research resources.
Speed and Efficiency
Computers can perform complex tasks and process large amounts of
data quickly and accurately, saving time and reducing manual effort.
Communication
Computers enable fast and effective communication through email,
instant messaging, video calls, and social media platforms.
Data Storage and Management
They store vast amounts of data in a compact space, making it easy to
access, organize, and retrieve information whenever needed.
Automation
Computers help automate tasks in various industries (e.g.,
manufacturing, banking, education), increasing productivity and
reducing human error.
Research and Education
In education, computers support learning through e-learning
platforms, digital libraries, simulations, and research tools.
Business Operations
They help in accounting, inventory management, payroll processing,
customer relationship management, and many other business
functions.
Healthcare
 Computers assist in diagnostics, patient records, medical research, and
even surgeries through computer-aided technology.
Entertainment
They are used for playing games, streaming videos, creating music,
editing photos/videos, and much more.
Scientific and Engineering Work
Computers are essential in simulations, design, modeling, and analysis
in fields like engineering, astronomy, and genetics.
Government and Administration
Governments use computers for record-keeping, online services
(eCitizen), census data processing, and policy planning.

1.2.2 Functions and Uses of Computers

Basic Functions
1.Input: Accepts data through input devices like keyboards and mice.
2. Processing: CPU processes input data.
3. Storage: Saves data and instructions for future use.
4. Output: Displays results through output devices like monitors and
printers.
5. Control: Directs the manner and sequence in which operations are
carried out.

Common Uses of Computers

Office work (document creation, email communication)
Education (virtual learning, simulations)
Health (patient record keeping, diagnostics)
Entertainment (music, movies, gaming)
Engineering and Science (design, calculations)
Banking (transactions, record keeping

1.2.3 Classification of Computers

Computers are classified based on size, Purpose & Functionality.

Classification of Computers According to Size
1. Supercomputers
 Description: Most powerful and expensive type of computer.
Features: Can perform trillions of calculations per second.
Use: Scientific simulations, weather forecasting, nuclear
research.
Example: IBM Summit, Fugaku (Japan).
2. Mainframe Computers
Description: Large, powerful systems used by organizations.
Features: Can support hundreds or thousands of users
simultaneously.
Use: Banking systems, airline reservations, government
databases.
Example: IBM Z Series.
3. Minicomputers (Midrange Computers)
Description: Smaller than mainframes but still powerful.
Features: Serve multiple users in departments or small
businesses.
Use: Manufacturing processes, small organization databases.
Example: PDP-11, VAX systems.
4. Microcomputers (Personal Computers)
Description: Most common type; designed for individual use.
Features: Compact, affordable, easy to use.
Use: Home, school, office tasks.
Types:
 Desktop – e.g., HP Pavilion
 Laptop/Notebook – e.g., Dell Inspiron
 Tablet – e.g., iPad
 Smartphones – e.g., Samsung Galaxy
Classification of Computers According to Purpose
1. General-Purpose Computers
Description: Designed to perform a wide variety of tasks.
Use: Word processing, internet browsing, programming,
games, etc.
Example: PCs, laptops, smartphones.

2. Special-Purpose Computers
Special-purpose computers are designed to perform a specific
task or a narrow range of tasks very efficiently. Unlike general-
purpose computers, which can run many types of programs,
special-purpose computers are built to handle only one type of
application or function.
Key Characteristics:

 Designed for a single, specific application or set of related

applications.
 Typically have hardware and software optimized for their
specialized function.
 Often embedded in larger systems or devices.
 Usually faster and more efficient at their specific tasks compared to
general-purpose computers.

Examples of Special-Purpose Computers:

 Calculators: Designed specifically for mathematical calculations.

 Traffic control systems: Manage traffic signals and vehicle flow.
 Digital watches: Perform timekeeping functions.
 Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs): Handle banking transactions.
 Industrial robots: Perform specific manufacturing tasks.
 Medical equipment: Like MRI machines or heart monitors designed
for diagnostics.

3. Dedicated computers
Dedicated computers are computers designed and configured to
perform a specific, single task or set of related tasks continuously.
Unlike general-purpose computers, which can run a variety of
software applications, dedicated computers are optimized for one
purpose.

Key Features of Dedicated Computers:

 Specialized Function: They serve one primary function, such as

controlling a machine or managing a specific system.
 Reliability: Because they focus on one task, they are often highly
reliable and efficient for that task.
 Simplified Operation: They usually run minimal software necessary
for the job, which makes them faster and less prone to errors.
 Examples:
o ATMs (Automated Teller Machines): Dedicated to
processing banking transactions.
 o Traffic Light Controllers: Manage traffic signals at
intersections.
o Industrial Robots: Control manufacturing processes.
o Point of Sale (POS) Terminals: Used for processing sales in
stores.

Classification of Computers According to Functionality

Computers can be classified based on their functionality—what tasks they

perform and how they operate. The main types are:

1. Analog Computers
Work with continuous data (such as temperature, speed,
pressure).
Measure physical quantities and convert them into signals.
Used in scientific and engineering applications where precise
measurements are needed.
Example: Speedometers, voltmeters.
2. Digital Computers
Work with discrete data (numbers, text, etc.) represented in
binary form (0s and 1s).
Most modern computers are digital.
Used for tasks like word processing, database management,
gaming, etc.
Examples: Desktops, laptops, smartphones.
3. Hybrid Computers
Combine features of both analog and digital computers.
Can process both continuous and discrete data.
Used in specialized fields like medical equipment (e.g., heart
monitors) and industrial processes.

1.2.4 Components of a Computer System

1. Hardware: The physical parts of a computer (CPU, monitor,
keyboard).
2. Software: The programs and operating systems that run on a
computer.
3. Users: Individuals who interact with the computer.
4. Data: Raw information that is processed.
5. Procedures: Instructions for using the computer system.
1.2.5 Computer Hardware
System Unit: Contains motherboard, processor, RAM, hard drive,
power supply.

Input Devices
Keyboard. Used to input text. Includes function keys, control keys,
arrow keys, etc.
Mouse. Controls the pointer. Mouse techniques include click, double-
click, drag and drop, right-click.

Output Devices
Monitor: Displays information visually.
Printer: Produces hard copies.
Speakers: Output sound.

Storage Devices
Hard Drive: Stores OS, software, and files.
Flash Drives and SSDs: Portable and fast storage.
Optical Discs: CDs/DVDs used for backups.

Computer Ports
USB: Connects flash drives, peripherals.
HDMI: Transfers video/audio to external displays.
Ethernet: Wired internet connection.
Audio Jacks: Connect headphones/microphones.

1.2.6 Procedure for Turning On/Off a Computer

Turning On:
1. Plug in the power cable.
2. Press the Power button on the system unit.
3. Wait for the operating system to load (booting).
Turning Off:
1. Save all your work.
2. Click Start > Shut Down or Power > Shut down.
3. Wait for the screen to go off before unplugging (if needed).
1.2.7 Desktop Customization

 Changing wallpaper, screen resolution, and themes

 Organizing desktop icons

 Adjusting taskbar settings

 Using personalization settings to enhance the look

1.2.8 File and Files Management Using an Operating System

 Creating folders

 Saving and renaming files

 Copying, cutting, and pasting

 Deleting and restoring files (Recycle Bin)

 Organizing files in folders for easy access
 Using file explorer to navigate files

1.2.9 Computer External Devices Management

 Installing drivers for external devices
 Safely connecting/disconnecting USB devices
 Configuring printers, scanners, and external hard drives
 Troubleshooting connection issues
1.3 Creation of Computerized Word Document

1.3.1 Introduction to Word Document

Word Document
A word document is a type of digital file created using word processing
software that allows users to type, edit, format, and print text.

Common File Types:

 .doc / .docx – Microsoft Word
 .odt – OpenOffice/LibreOffice
  .rtf – Rich Text Format
 .txt – Plain Text Format

1.3.2 Types of Word Processors

Type Examples Features
Desktop- Microsoft Word,
Installed on computer
based LibreOffice Writer
Google Docs, Microsoft Accessible via browser, supports
Web-based
Word Online real-time collaboration
WPS Office, Polaris
Mobile- Used on smartphones/tablets
Office

1.3.3 Creating a Word Document

🔹 Steps:

1. Open the word processor (e.g., Microsoft Word).

2. Click File > New to create a new document.

3. Choose a blank document or a template.

4. Start typing content into the document.

5. Save the document:

o Click File > Save As

o Choose the file location

o Enter file name and choose format (.docx, .pdf, etc.)

o Click Save
1.4 Editing and Formatting Word Document
1.3.4 Word Document Editing Features
1.3.4.1 Text Editing
 Select, cut, copy, paste
 Use undo/redo commands
  Find and replace words
 Insert symbols and special characters
1.3.4.2 Paragraph Editing
 Adjust line spacing
 Align paragraphs (left, center, right, justify)
 Indent text
 Use bullet and number lists
1.3.4.3 Document Editing
 Insert/delete pages
 Add headers, footers, page numbers
 Use spell check and grammar tools

 Insert images, tables, shapes, and chart

1.4.1 Word Document Formatting Features
1.3.4.4 Text Formatting
 Change font type, size, color
 Apply bold, italics, underline
 Use highlight or text effects
1.3.4.5 Paragraph Formatting
 Apply line and paragraph spacing
 Adjust indentations and tab stops
 Use borders and shading
1.3.4.6 Document Formatting
Set margins and page orientation (portrait/landscape)
 Choose page size (A4, Letter)
 Apply themes and styles
 Use columns and breaks

1.4.2 Enhancing Productivity

1.3.4.7 Set Basic Options/Preferences
 Customize auto-correct
 Save settings (default file type, location)
 Set language preferences
1.3.4.8 Help Resources
 Use Help menu or F1 key
 Search for tips, tutorials online
 Access built-in templates and guides
1.3.4.9 Use Magnification/Zoom Tools
 Zoom in/out for better visibility
 Use View > Zoom or slider on status bar
1.3.4.10 Display/Hide Built-in Toolbar
 Show/hide Ribbon or specific tabs
 Customize quick access toolbar
 Use “Customize Ribbon” option for personal layout