CETRAN30: Fundamentals of Transportation

Engineering
Module 1: INTRODUCTION

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What is What are the Modes of Road Network Public
transportation objectives of transportation Transportation
engineering ? transportation
engineering?

INTRODUCTION TO
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
 2 3 4 5
1 What are the
Modes of
transportation
Road Network
What is
transportation
objectives of
engineering ?
transportation
What is engineering?
transportation
engineering ?

branch of Civil Engineering that deals with the application of technology and
specific principles to planning, functional design, operation and management of
facilities for any mode of transportation
 1 2 3 4 5
What is Modes of Road Network Public
transportation transportation Transportation
engineering ?
What are the
objectives of
transportation
engineering?

To provide safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and

environmentally compatible movement of people and goods.
 3
1 2 4 5
What is What are the Modes of Road Network Public
transportation objectives of transportation Transportation
engineering ? transportation
engineering?

By Air
By Water
By Land
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5
Road Network Public
Transportation

The Philippines has a total road length of about 161,000 km,

with an average road density of 0.53 km/sq km or 2.35 km
per 1,000 people.

Approx. 11,500 bridges in the national network (DPWH

2004).

➢ Metro Manila comprises sixteen cities and one

municipality (NSCB 2007). Its land area is 636 sq. km.,
and it has a population of 10.4 million.
 4
5
Road Network Public
Transportation

➢ Metro Manila has a total road length of about 4,800 km.

➢ Major arterial roads form circumferential and radial patterns,

although road expansion is seen toward the north and south
directions.
o The mode of Metro Manila public transportation is

5
predominantly road-based, consisting largely of
jeepneys and buses as primary and secondary
routes, and motorized tricycles and pedicabs for
feeder routes.

o The jeepneys cover more than 610 km of the roads

Public Transportation
while buses operate mainly on about 350 km of
roads (ALMEC Corp. 1999).

o During rush hours, the inadequate provision of public

transportation becomes apparent. Ride-Sharing
Services such as Angkas, Move it, and Habal, are
gaining popularity and high demand in Metro Manila.
METRO MANILA MAJOR
ROAD NETWORK

➢ Many of the roads have reached their capacity.

Due to traffic congestion, the average travel
speed is estimated to be as low as 14kph,
with roughly one-third of the travel time wasted.
 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

➢ Traffic control devices such as traffic signs and

markings generally follow international standard, the
Philippines being a signatory to the Vienna
Convention in 1968. However, many of the road signs
installed conform neither to color nor shape as
provided for in the standard. The number of traffic
signs installed is generally insufficient (Sigua 2008).
PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES
➢ Sidewalks are in relatively good condition; however, many
obstructions can be found on them such as illegal
vendors, electrical posts, etc. With the sidewalk occupied,
pedestrians have to walk on the carriageway.
➢ There are few overhead pedestrian bridges in Metro
Manila, but some pedestrians still prefer to cross the
road at grade level. Moreover, pedestrian overpasses are
often inaccessible to the elderly and the handicapped.
 VEHICLE REGISTRATION
➢ The registration of vehicles in
the Philippines is handled by
the Land Transportation Office
(LTO), a line agency of the
Department of Transportation
and Communications (DOTC).
The table shows the number of
vehicles registered in the
Philippines in 2021.
➢ About 40 percent of the total
number of vehicles are
registered in Metro Manila.
 VEHICLE REGISTRATION

Motor Vehicles are classified as follows:

➢ Private Vehicles – refers to motor vehicles owned by private individuals or companies
and are not intended to be used for hire.
➢ For Hire Vehicles – refers to motor vehicles authorized to be used as public vehicles
by virtue of franchise granted by the LTFRB.
➢ Official/Government Vehicles – refers to motor vehicles owned by the Government.

➢ Diplomatic Vehicles – refers to vehicles owned by foreign governments or by their

diplomatic officials in the Philippines.
DRIVING LICENSE
The issuing procedure of a driving license is provided for under the Republic Act (RA) 4136. The LTO has
full responsibility for the issuance of driving licenses.
Three types of driving licenses:
➢ Student Driver’s Permit – the applicant must be at least sixteen years old and must be physically and
mentally fit to operate a motor vehicle.
➢ Non-professional Driver’s License – the applicant must be at least seventeen years old and must be a
holder of a valid student permit for at least one month. He or she must be physically and mentally fit
to operate a motor vehicle and must not be a drug user or alcoholic.
➢ Professional Driver’s License - the applicant must be at least eighteen years old and must be a holder
of a valid non-professional license for at least five months. He or she must be physically and mentally
fit to operate a motor vehicle and must not be a drug user or alcoholic.
TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT AND LEGISLATIVE
FRAMEWORK
➢ Traffic laws are enforced by the Traffic Management Group (TMG), the traffic division of each police
district, and the LTO. In 1978, Presidential Decree (PD) 1605 was issued to centralize enforcement
matters in Metro Manila to the Metro Manila Commission (MMC), now the Metro Manila
Development Authority (MMDA).
➢ In Metro Manila, the TMG and the MMDA assist each other in traffic management, especially when
ongoing infrastructure projects cause heavy congestion.
➢ Republic Act 4136, known as the Land Transportation and Traffic Code, provides for the system of
registration of motor vehicles, checks on accessories of vehicles, and defines road traffic rules and
regulations.
➢ Commonwealth Act 146, otherwise known as the Public Service Act, rests on the regulatory body
(LTFRB) the power to compel any public service provider to furnish safe, adequate, and proper
service as regards the manner of furnishing the same as well as the maintenance of necessary
materials and equipment.
TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT AND LEGISLATIVE
FRAMEWORK

➢ Executive Order (EO) 125 reorganized the then Ministry of Transportation and Communications
into a Department and defined its powers and functions, including the establishment of the Land
Transportation Office as the sectoral agency responsible for implementing and carrying out
policies, rules, and regulations governing the land transportation system in the country.
➢ Executive Order 202 created the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board with the
main function of regulating the land transport industry pursuant to the Public Service Act.
➢ Republic Act 6975 established the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), including
the creation of the PNP under which the traffic management group has been reorganized as the
traffic enforcement arm of the PNP covering national roads.
 HIGHWAY INTERSECTION
General area where two or more highways join or cross. For two or more
directional traffic, perpendicular intersections are the most desirable.
There are three (3) types of intersection, namely: At-grade, Grade Separated
(without ramps), and Interchange;
➢ At-grade Intersection – the adjoining roads in a highway intersection exist in
the same road level.

Unchannelized Channelized Multi-leg Rotary

HIGHWAY INTERSECTION

➢ Grade Separated Intersection – the adjoining roads in a highway

intersection exist on different road level (1st level and 2nd level).
➢ With this type of intersection, greatest efficiency, safety, capacity can
be attained.
➢ Major roadways can either go under (underpass) or over (overpass)
another road based on existing topography.
HIGHWAY INTERSECTION

➢ Interchange – similar to the previous type of intersection, but with

provision of ramps (to access other road level).
➢ It is a system of interconnecting roadways, in conjunction with one or
more grade separations.
HIGHWAY INTERSECTION: INTERCHANGE
HIGHWAY INTERSECTION: INTERCHANGE

TRUMPET INTERCHANGE CLOVERLEAF INTERCHANGE

HIGHWAY INTERSECTION: INTERCHANGE

ALL DIRECTIONAL FOUR LEG INTERCHANGE

FREEWAY ENTRANCE AND EXIT

➢ It is a part of an interchange where vehicles from different road level utilizing

different design speed, enter or exit a freeway - also called an expressway in local
setting. (NLEX, CAVITEX, SCTEX, SLEX, SKYWAY, TPLEX).
HIGHWAY SAFETY DESIGN STANDARDS