VIVA QUESTIONS FOR 5TH SEM

Unit 1: Introduction and Network Models (10 Questions)

1. What is a computer network?

Ans: A system that connects multiple computers and devices to share resources and
data.

2. What are analog and digital signals?

Ans: Analog signals are continuous; digital signals are discrete (binary 0s and 1s).

3. What is the difference between bit rate and baud rate?

Ans: Bit rate is the number of bits transmitted per second, while baud rate is the
number of signal units transmitted per second.

4. What is bandwidth?
Ans: The range of frequencies that a communication channel can carry, affecting data
transfer rate.

5. What are transmission impairments?

Ans: Factors like attenuation (signal loss), distortion (signal alteration), and noise
(unwanted signals) that affect data transmission.

6. What are protocols and standards in data communication?

Ans: Protocols define rules for data communication; standards ensure
interoperability among devices.

7. What is the OSI model?

Ans: A 7-layer reference model for communication: Physical, Data Link, Network,
Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.

8. What is the function of the Network Layer in OSI?

Ans: Responsible for routing, addressing, and delivering packets across networks.

9. What is the TCP/IP model?

Ans: A 4-layer model: Link, Internet, Transport, and Application, used for Internet
communication.

10. How does TCP/IP differ from OSI?

Ans: TCP/IP is a practical model with fewer layers, while OSI is a theoretical reference
model.

Unit 2: Multiplexing, Media, and Switching (10 Questions)

 1. What is bandwidth utilization?
Ans: Efficient use of available bandwidth through techniques like multiplexing and
compression.

2. What is multiplexing?
Ans: A technique to combine multiple signals into one for transmission over a shared
medium.

3. What are the types of multiplexing?

Ans: FDM (Frequency Division), TDM (Time Division), and Spread Spectrum.

4. What is FDM?
Ans: Frequency Division Multiplexing divides bandwidth into frequency bands for
multiple signals.

5. What is TDM?
Ans: Time Division Multiplexing allocates different time slots for each signal on the
same channel.

6. What are guided and unguided media?

Ans: Guided: physical wires (e.g., coaxial, fiber optics); Unguided: wireless (e.g.,
radio, microwave).

7. What is message switching?

Ans: Entire message is sent and stored at intermediate devices before moving on.

8. What is circuit switching?

Ans: A dedicated communication path is established for the entire session (e.g.,
telephone networks).

9. What is packet switching?

Ans: Data is divided into packets sent independently across the network (e.g.,
Internet).

10. What is a virtual circuit network?

Ans: A logical path established before data transfer in packet switching (e.g., Frame
Relay).

Unit 3: Data Link Layer and LANs (10 Questions)

1. What is the role of the data link layer?

Ans: Handles error detection, framing, and flow control in data transmission.

2. What is error detection?

Ans: Identifying errors in data using methods like parity checks, CRC, and checksums.
 3. What is flow control?
Ans: Mechanism to control data flow between sender and receiver to prevent
overload.

4. What are noiseless channels?

Ans: Ideal channels without any transmission errors.

5. What is stop-and-wait protocol?

Ans: Sender sends one frame at a time and waits for acknowledgment before
sending the next.

6. What is piggybacking in communication?

Ans: Sending acknowledgment along with data in the same frame to reduce
overhead.

7. What is ALOHA protocol?

Ans: A simple random access protocol for transmitting data over a shared medium.

8. What is CSMA?
Ans: Carrier Sense Multiple Access – listens before transmitting to avoid collisions.

9. What are IEEE LAN standards?

Ans: Standards like IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet), 802.11 (Wi-Fi), defining physical and data
link layer protocols.

10. What is Bluetooth and Cellular Telephony?

Ans: Bluetooth is for short-range wireless communication; Cellular telephony uses
cells for mobile communication.

Unit 4: Network and Transport Layers (10 Questions)

1. What is the function of a repeater?

Ans: Regenerates signals to extend transmission distance.

2. What is a bridge?
Ans: Connects and filters traffic between two LAN segments.

3. What is the function of a router?

Ans: Routes data packets between different networks.

4. What is a gateway?
Ans: Connects networks using different protocols.

5. What is an IP address?
Ans: A unique identifier for a device on a network (IPv4 or IPv6).
 6. What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?
Ans: IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses; IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, allowing more unique
IPs.

7. What is the difference between connection-oriented and connectionless services?

Ans: Connection-oriented (TCP) establishes a connection; connectionless (UDP) does
not.

8. What is TCP?
Ans: Transmission Control Protocol – provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked
data delivery.

9. What is UDP?
Ans: User Datagram Protocol – provides fast, connectionless, and unreliable data
transfer.

10. What is Quality of Service (QoS)?

Ans: A measure to ensure predictable network performance like bandwidth, latency,
and reliability.

Unit 5: Application Layer and Security (10 Questions)

1. What is HTTP?
Ans: HyperText Transfer Protocol – used for transferring web pages on the internet.

2. What is FTP?
Ans: File Transfer Protocol – used to upload/download files between systems.

3. What is SMTP?
Ans: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol – used for sending emails.

4. What is DNS?
Ans: Domain Name System – translates domain names into IP addresses.

5. What are common network threats?

Ans: Viruses, worms, phishing, denial-of-service attacks, and unauthorized access.

6. What is a firewall?
Ans: A security system that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.

7. What are the advantages of firewalls?

Ans: Enhances security, prevents unauthorized access, and protects internal
networks.

8. What are the disadvantages of firewalls?

Ans: May block legitimate traffic, adds cost, and requires maintenance.
 9. What is cryptography?
Ans: The science of encrypting data to protect it from unauthorized access.

10. What is the role of encryption in network security?

Ans: Ensures data confidentiality and integrity during transmission.

Object-Oriented Programming with Java – Viva Questions

Unit 1: Introduction to Java and OOP Concepts (10 Questions)

1. What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

Ans: A programming paradigm based on the concept of objects which encapsulate
data and behavior.

2. What are the benefits of OOP?

Ans: Code reusability, scalability, maintainability, and modularity.

3. List key features of Java.

Ans: Object-oriented, platform-independent, robust, secure, multithreaded, and
portable.

4. What is the Java development environment?

Ans: Consists of JDK (Java Development Kit), JRE (Java Runtime Environment), and
JVM (Java Virtual Machine).

5. What are Java tokens?

Ans: Smallest elements in a Java program like keywords, identifiers, literals,
operators, and separators.

6. What are data types in Java?

Ans: Primitive (int, float, boolean, etc.) and non-primitive (arrays, classes, interfaces).

7. What are control statements in Java?

Ans: Statements used to control the flow – if, if-else, switch (branching); for, while,
do-while (looping); break, continue (jumping).

8. What are branching statements in Java?

Ans: if, if-else, nested if, and switch.

9. What is a labeled loop in Java?

Ans: A loop that uses a label to identify and break from nested loops.

10. What is the difference between == and equals() in Java?

Ans: == compares references, equals() compares object content.
Unit 2: Classes, Inheritance, and Interfaces (10 Questions)

1. How do you define a class in Java?

Ans: Using the class keyword followed by class name and members.

2. What is method overloading?

Ans: Defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

3. What are constructors in Java?

Ans: Special methods used to initialize objects, called automatically upon object
creation.

4. What is the super keyword used for?

Ans: Refers to the immediate parent class object and is used to access superclass
members.

5. What is inheritance in Java?

Ans: A mechanism where one class inherits properties and behavior from another
class.

6. What is method overriding?

Ans: Redefining a superclass method in a subclass with the same signature.

7. What is dynamic method dispatch?

Ans: Runtime method resolution for overridden methods using superclass reference.

8. What is the purpose of final in Java?

Ans: Used to declare constants, prevent method overriding, and prevent inheritance.

9. What is an abstract class?

Ans: A class that cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract methods.

10. What is an interface in Java?

Ans: A collection of abstract methods that can be implemented by any class.

Unit 3: Arrays, Packages, Exceptions, Multithreading (10 Questions)

1. How do you declare a one-dimensional array in Java?

Ans: int[] arr = new int[10];

2. What is a two-dimensional array?

Ans: An array of arrays, declared as int[][] matrix = new int[3][3];

3. What is the String class in Java?

Ans: A predefined class used to handle strings. Strings are immutable in Java.
 4. What are Java packages?
Ans: A group of related classes and interfaces. Example: java.util, java.io.

5. How do you create a user-defined package?

Ans: Use the package keyword and place classes in a corresponding directory.

6. What is exception handling in Java?

Ans: Mechanism to handle runtime errors using try, catch, throw, throws, and finally
blocks.

7. What is the difference between throw and throws?

Ans: throw is used to explicitly throw an exception; throws is used in method
signature to declare an exception.

8. How do you create a thread in Java?

Ans: By extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface.

9. What is the lifecycle of a thread?

Ans: New → Runnable → Running → Waiting/Blocked → Dead.

10. What is synchronization in Java threads?

Ans: Controlling access to shared resources using synchronized keyword to avoid
thread interference.

Unit 4: Event Handling and GUI Components (10 Questions)

1. What is the delegation event model in Java?

Ans: A model where event handling is delegated to event listeners.

2. What are event sources and event listeners?

Ans: Event sources generate events; listeners handle them.

3. Name any three event classes in Java.

Ans: ActionEvent, ItemEvent, MouseEvent.

4. What is Swing in Java?

Ans: A part of Java Foundation Classes (JFC) for building GUI applications.

5. Name any three Swing components.

Ans: JLabel, JButton, JTextField.

6. What is the difference between AWT and Swing?

Ans: AWT is heavyweight and platform-dependent; Swing is lightweight and
platform-independent.

7. What is a layout manager in Java?

Ans: A manager that controls the arrangement of components in a container.
 8. Name five layout managers in Java.
Ans: FlowLayout, GridLayout, CardLayout, BorderLayout, BoxLayout.

9. What is JFrame used for?

Ans: It represents the main window of a Swing application.

10. How do you handle a button click event in Java?

Ans: Implement ActionListener and override actionPerformed() method.

Unit 5: Applets, Graphics, and JDBC (10 Questions)

1. What is an applet in Java?

Ans: A small Java program that runs in a web browser.

2. What is the lifecycle of an applet?

Ans: init(), start(), stop(), destroy().

3. How do you pass parameters to an applet?

Ans: Using <param> tag in the HTML file and getParameter() method in the applet.

4. How do you draw a rectangle in Java graphics?

Ans: Using g.drawRect(x, y, width, height).

5. How do you set color in Java graphics?

Ans: Using g.setColor(Color.RED);

6. What is JDBC?
Ans: Java Database Connectivity – an API for connecting and executing queries with
databases.

7. What is the JDBC architecture?

Ans: Consists of API, Driver Manager, and drivers for communication with databases.

8. How do you establish a JDBC connection?

Ans: Using DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);

9. What is the purpose of Statement object in JDBC?

Ans: Used to execute SQL queries like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE.

10. Name four common JDBC methods.

Ans: executeQuery(), executeUpdate(), execute(), close().