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Chapter 5th Force Matter

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28 views3 pages

Chapter 5th Force Matter

Uploaded by

zubair malik
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 5th WITS ACADEMY

9th class

Force and Matter


1.The springs in brakes and clutches are used
a) To restore original position b) To measure forces
c) To absorb shocks d) To absorb strain energy
2. If the material recovers the original dimensions, when an external force is removed,
this deformation is known as ______ deformation.
a) Inelastic b) Permanent c) Elastic d) Irreversible
3. Which of the following material is more elastic?
a) Rubber b) Glass c) Steel d) Wood
4. If a spring stretches easily then its spring constant has _____.
a) Large value b) Small value c) Constant Value d) Both (a) and (b)
5. What is the unit for the spring constant?
a) Nm2 b) Nm–1 2
7. Which of the following is not a unit of pressure?
a) Pascal b) Bar c) Atmosphere d) Newton
Q1: State and explain the hooks law

Hooke's Law:

Statement: Hooke's Law states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some
distance is proportional to that distance.

Mathematical Expression:

F=−kxF = -kx

Explanation:

 F represents the force applied to the spring.


 x represents the displacement of the spring from its equilibrium position.
 k is the spring constant, a measure of the stiffness of the spring.
 The negative sign indicates that the force exerted by the spring is in the opposite
direction of the displacement.

In Practice:

When you pull or push a spring, it resists this deformation by generating a restoring force that
tries to bring it back to its original shape. The amount of force it generates is directly
proportional to how much you've deformed it. The constant of proportionality, kk, depends
on the material and dimensions of the spring.

4. Calculate the spring constant for a spring which extends by a distance of 3.5cm when a
load of 14N is hung from its end.
Chapter 5th WITS ACADEMY
9th class

To calculate the spring constant kk using Hooke's Law, we can use the formula:

k=Fxk

Where:

 F is the force applied to the spring (14 N in this case).


 x is the displacement or extension of the spring in meters (3.5 cm in this case, which e
need to convert to meters).

Conversion:

3.5 cm = 0.035 m

Calculation:

k=14 N0.035
k≈ 400 N/m k

So, the spring constant for the spring is approximately 400 N/m:

Q6:
a) Define the term pressure.
b) Write down the S.I unit of pressure.

Pressure:

a) Definition: Pressure is defined as the force exerted per unit area on the surface of an
object. It quantifies the amount of force applied over a specific area.

Mathematically, it can be expressed as:

P=F/A

Where:

 P is the pressure.
 F is the force applied.
 A is the area over which the force is distributed.

b) S.I. Unit: The S.I. unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa), named after Blaise Pascal, a French
mathematician and physicist. One Pascal is defined as one Newton per square meter:

1 Pa=1 N/m2

Q:Why Pressure Increases as You Dig Deeper:


Chapter 5th WITS ACADEMY
9th class

Summary: As you dig deeper, pressure increases because the weight of the material above
you (soil, rock, water, etc.) adds up. More depth means more material overhead, thus more
weight and higher pressure.

Key Points:

1. Overlying Material: Deeper depth equals more weight from the material above.
2. Geostatic Pressure: Pressure increases linearly with depth due to the weight of the
overlying column.
3. Fluid Pressure: In fluids, pressure increases with depth according to the formula P=ρ
g h.

Given Data:

 Force applied by the boy: F=20 N.


 Surface area of the head of the thumbtack: Ahead=1 cm2
 Cross-section area of the tip of the thumbtack: Atip=0.01 cm2
 Convert Areas to Square Meters:

1 cm² = 0.0001 m²

 Ahead=1 cm2=1×0.0001 m2=0.0001 m2A tip=0.01 cm2=0.01×0.0001 m2=0.000001


m2

a) Pressure exerted by boy's thumb on the head of the thumbtack:

P head=F Ahead
P head=20 N0.0001 m2
P head=200,000 Pa

b) Pressure of the tip of the thumbtack on the wood:

P tip=FA tip
P tip=20 N0.000001 m2
P tip=20,000,000 Pa

c) Conclusion:

The pressure at the tip of the thumbtack is significantly higher than the pressure exerted by
the boy's thumb on the head of the thumbtack. This illustrates how a small surface area can
dramatically increase pressure, which is why the tip of the thumbtack can easily penetrate the
wood, while the head of the thumbtack distributes the force over a larger area to prevent it
from hurting the boy's thumb.

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