Bloom's Taxonomy (Revised) 3.

Collecting and analyzing information  Viewing

Higher-Order Thinking Skills 4. Synthesizing information Active Learning Approaches:
 Creating (Level 6): New product or 5. Co-building knowledge  New knowledge generation
point of view 6. Refining outcomes
Benefits of Problem-Based Learning:
 21st-century skills: Collaboration,
o Verbs: Assemble, media literacy, critical thinking
construct, create, design,  Boosts self-confidence and Four Active Learning Approaches:
develop, formulate, write. motivation 1. Inquiry-Based Learning
 Evaluating (Level 5): Justify a stand  Reduces nervousness 2. Research-Based Learning
or decision  Encourages responsibility 3. Problem-Based Learning
o Verbs: Appraise, argue,  Facilitates retention through shared 4. Project-Based Learning
defend, judge, select, ideas Lesson 1: Inquiry-Based Learning &
support, value, evaluate. Research-Based Learning
 Enhances problem-solving and self-
 Analyzing (Level 4): Distinguish directed learning skills Inquiry-Based Learning Process:
between different parts B. PROJECT-BASED LEARNING (PBL) 1. The KWL Chart: Know, Want to
o Verbs: Examine, Know, Learned , Identifying prior
 Nature of Project-Based Learning
knowledge, curiosity, and learning
experiment, question, test.
(PBL Approach)
Lower-Order Thinking Skills outcomes
o Student-centered, real-
 Applying (Level 3): Use information world problem-solving
2. Starting with an Essential or Big
in a new way Question: Encourages inquiry
o Influenced by Dewey 3. Finding What We Know: Elicit
o Verbs: Employ, illustrate, (learning by doing) &
interpret, operate, choose, collective experiences. Record
Vygotsky (Constructivist
demonstrate, dramatize. responses
Theory) 4. Finding What We Want to Know:
 Understanding (Level 2): Explain o Collaborative learning Encourage curiosity, Promotes
ideas or concepts o Authentic tasks, open- inquisitiveness
o Verbs: Classify, describe, ended questions 5. Finding Out the Answer from
discuss, explain, identify, Creating-Synthesis in PBL: Experts: Utilize reliable sources,
locate, recognize, report,  Combining knowledge and creativity Gather qualitative data
select, translate, Questioning Prompts: 6. Finding Out What We Have
paraphrase.
 Alternative suggestions? Learned: Organize results,
 Remembering (Level 1): Recall or
 Generate a plan? Demonstrate understanding
remember information Definition of Inquiry:
o Verbs: Define, duplicate,  Predict outcomes?
• Process of asking questions: Explores
list, memorize, recall,  Invent something new?
multiple fields for solutions to current issues.
repeat, state. Benefits of Project-Based Learning: Definitions of IBL:
 Research methodology skills • Marks (2013): Instructional strategy aligning
PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING AND  Oral communication skills teaching with future-ready skills.
PROJECT-BASED LEARNING
 Life skills • Tanim & Grant (2013): Rooted in
A. PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING (PBL) constructivism, where humans create
Comparison: Problem-Based vs. Project-
 Inquiry and open-ended questions Based Learning knowledge through experiences.
 Real-life issues and content Problem-Based Project-Based • Caswell & LaBrie (2017): Student-centered
standards approach where learners take ownership of
Shorter duration Longer duration
 Multiple solutions their learning.
May end in a Types of Inquiry-Based Learning (VIU,
 Collaborative tasks
solution
Ends in a product
2020):
 Small groups, assigned tasks 1. Structured Inquiry: Teacher-led
Single subject focus Multi-subject
 Workplace skills: Problem-solving, 2. Controlled Inquiry: Teacher selects
Teacher-facilitated Student-centered
communication, research topics
Five Principles of PBL (Ali, 2019): Inquiry & research- 21st-century skills 3. Guided Inquiry: Teacher sets
1. Independent, self-directed learning based development questions, students design solutions
2. Teacher as facilitator, group learning 4. Free Inquiry: Students choose
3. Equal group participation MODULE 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE topics independently
4. Motivation, teamwork, problem- LEARNING APPROACHES IN LANGUAGE Teacher's Role in Inquiry-Based Learning:
solving LEARNING  Align inquiries with curriculum
5. Use of materials like data, Language Learning Macro Skills:
 Guide research
photographs, articles  Reading
Six-Stage Process of Online PBL (Lo,  Ensure structured, meaningful
 Listening learning
2009):
1. Identifying the problem
 Writing
2. Brainstorming ideas  Speaking