New Document 1
New Document 1
1.
The ball is now dropped from a height of 2h.
Air resistance is negligible.
A v
D 2v
(Total 1 mark)
A force
B kinetic energy
C momentum
D velocity
(Total 1 mark)
Figure 1 shows the apparatus used by a student in an experiment to measure the acceleration
3.
due to gravity, g.
Figure 1
• a block is used to raise one end of the air track as shown in Figure 1
• an air-track glider is released from rest near the raised end of the air track and passes
through the first light gate and then through the second light gate
• a piece of card of length d fitted to the air-track glider interrupts a light beam as the air-track
glider passes through each light gate
• a data logger records the time taken by the piece of card to pass through each light gate
and also the time for the piece of card to travel from one light gate to the other.
(a) Table 1 gives measurements made with the light gates as shown in Figure 1.
Table 1
Time to pass through first Time to pass through Time to travel from first to
light gate / s second light gate / s second light gate / s
Assume there is negligible change in velocity while the air-track glider passes through a
light gate.
a = ____________________ m s–2
(3)
(b) Two further sets of readings, A and B, are taken each with the light gates in different
positions along the air track.
Assume the acceleration is the same in each set.
Time to pass through first Time to pass through Time to travel from first to
Set
light gate / s second light gate / s second light gate / s
Explain how the data in Table 2 show that the distance between the light gates in set B is
greater than in set A.
Assume there is negligible change in velocity while the air-track glider passes through a
light gate.
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(2)
Figure 2 is a graph of these results showing how a varies with n, the number of blocks in
the stack.
Figure 2
Draw a suitable best-fit straight line on Figure 2 and determine G, the gradient of your line.
G = ____________________
(2)
Calculate h.
h = ____________________ m
(1)
(e) Explain how you could find out, without drawing another graph, whether the data presented
in the graph in Figure 2 support the suggestion that a is directly proportional to n.
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(1)
(Total 9 marks)
A tP = tQ dP = dQ
B tP = tQ dP > dQ
C tP < tQ dP = dQ
D tP < tQ dP > dQ
(Total 1 mark)
A ball is kicked from point P on level ground. The ball initially travels at 45° to the horizontal.
5.
The ball reaches its maximum height after a time of 2.0 s.
Air resistance can be ignored.
What is the displacement of the ball from P when at its maximum height?
A 20 m
B 40 m
C 45 m
D 60 m
(Total 1 mark)
A 10 μm s−1 100 s
B 10 km s−1 0.01 μs
C 1 nm s−1 1 Gs
(Total 1 mark)
A spacecraft entering the atmosphere of Mars must decelerate to land undamaged on the
7. surface.
Figure 1
Calculate the kinetic energy of the spacecraft as it enters the atmosphere. Give your
answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
(b) A parachute opens during the spacecraft’s descent through the atmosphere.
Figure 2 shows the parachute–spacecraft system, with the open parachute displacing the
atmospheric gas. This causes the system to decelerate.
Figure 2
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(4)
Deduce how an increase in dust content will affect the deceleration of the system.
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(3)
(Total 13 marks)
What is the variation of the vertical component of velocity v of the football with t until it reaches
the ground?
(Total 1 mark)
(Total 1 mark)
A fully-loaded lorry transporting water starts from rest and travels along a straight road.
10. The figure is a graph showing how the speed of the lorry varies with time. The driving force on
the lorry remains constant.
The total resistive force acting on the lorry increases with both speed and mass of the lorry. A
large proportion of the mass of the lorry is due to the water which it is carrying.
Discuss how the speed–time graph will be different from that shown in the figure.
You may draw on the figure to help you with your answer.
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(Total 6 marks)
Figure 1
(a) On leaving the space station the spacecraft is given an initial horizontal thrust of 1400 N.
Calculate the initial acceleration of the spacecraft during the firing of the thruster engines.
(i) State one way in which a pair of forces referred to in Newton’s Third Law are the
same.
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(1)
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(1)
(c) When the spacecraft returns to the Earth’s atmosphere the orbital module and the service
module are separated from the descent module. This descent module has its speed greatly
reduced by drag from the atmosphere.
Figure 2 shows two of the forces acting on the descent module as it travels down through
the atmosphere.
Figure 2
State one reason why the two forces shown in Figure 2 are not a pair of forces as referred
to in Newton’s Third Law.
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(1)
A final speed reduction can be carried out by using engines which operate for a maximum
time of 3.5 s. When the engines are in use, the resultant upward force on the descent
module is 670 N. The safe landing speed of the descent module is 3.0 m s–1.
Determine whether these engines are able to reduce the speed of the descent module to
its safe value.
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(3)
(Total 8 marks)
B
2.
[1]
powers of ten (POT) error for 1st mark and 2nd mark in their v and
u and any substitution v and u into
Where t3 has been substituted must be t3 = 1.19 (s)
(b) (set B because) it has a greater time / takes longer (to travel between gates) (hence
distance between gates is larger) 1✔
(and ) set B’s average velocity is greater / set B’s velocity at gate 1 is greater / Set B’s
velocity is greater at both gates
Two calculations for gate separation s using either
(and ) set A’s average velocity is smaller / set A’s velocity at gate 1 is smaller/ Set A’s
velocity is smaller at both gates 2✔
Alternative Method
values of u and v are calculated (condone POT error) and corresponding values for each s
determined; 1✔
a comparison of their distances leading to conclusion that set B produced when s is largest
OR
OR OR
v2 − u2/
u/ms–1 v/ms–1 s/m
m2s–2
Set A 0.164 0.238 0.356 0.0297
Set B 0.181 0.270 0.476 0.0401
Set A 7.12
Set B 9.54
Allow ecf for acceleration where used to find s
Using a = 0.042: sA = 0.354 and sB = 0.478
Treat a larger change in velocity as neutral
2
and
(d) ✔
(h = 9.2 × 10–3 m)
Ecf from part (c)
Expect 2 sf normally. Penalise 3 or more sf
Condone 1 sf answers where correct working is shown in part (d)
and where their G is quoted to 1sf
In this case, allow use of their rounded G or full carry value
1
(e) idea that the intercept can be found by calculating a – Gn where a and n are values
read-off (from a point on the line) and G is the gradient ; intercept compared to 0, 0
(OWTTE in a general y=mx +c description)
Simply explaining how to find the intercept does not fully answer the
question and gets no credit must describe the comparison aspect;
do not accept idea of extrapolation off the grid or re-plotting on axes
that include (0, 0)
OR
Read-off points (of line of best fit for) x1 and x2 compare with corresponding y1 and y2 ,
compares the ratio of the x terms to the ratio of the y terms; if equal then directly
proportional
Determine the constant of proportionality for at least two points (on line of best fit) and
compare, where constant exists then directly proportional ✔
Idea that a and n will share a common factorial increase
1
[9]
D
4.
[1]
C
5.
45 m
[1]
A
6.
10 μm s-1 100 s
[1]
Or
The gas exerts a force on the parachute (with an equal magnitude and opposite
direction force) / there is air resistance (on the system) / there is drag (on the
system) / there is a resistive force (on the system) ✔
(because) the Parachute exerts a force on the gas according to Newton’s 3 rd law ✔
Allow statement that is equivalent to N1 / N2 / N3.
Allow: air resistance (or drag) increases.
Allow: there is an upward force
must have a clear action-reaction pair for this N3 mark.
Use of Ep = mgh ✔
(g = ) 3.7 (m s–2) ✔
Condone mgh = ½ mv2 where rearranged to make g subject.
Condone 610 x g x 49 = their energy
Alternative:
• Attempt to use appropriate equations of motion to determine
acceleration
v2=u2 +2as rearranged to make a the subject (condone use of their
values for v and u and / or g = a)
• Attempt to use W=Fs to determine the air resistance FD (or
FD= 6734(.7) (N) seen)
• Attempt to determine g from the deceleration of the system
(d) More mass to displace / more particles to collide with / more gas / dust to
displace ✔
Must have some interaction with parachute-spacecraft.
N/E to say there are more particles / gas / dust /mass
[1]
D
9.
[1]
[6]