Jain College of Engineering & Research

Udyambag, Belagavi - 590008

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to VTU Belagavi & Recognized by Govt. of Karnataka)

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Laboratory Manual

IV SEMESTER

Control System (BEC403)

(IPCC)

Prepared By Prof. Narayana Reddy D

Approved By Prof.Viruapxi B Dalal

HOD
 Vision & Mission of the Institute
Institute Vision:
To become a leading institute that offers quality technical education and research, nurturing
professionally competent graduates with strong ethical values.

Institute Mission:
M1: Achieve academic excellence through innovative and effective teaching-learning
Practices
M2: Establish industry and academia collaborations to cultivate a culture of research
M3: Ensure professional and ethical values to address societal needs

Vision & Mission of the Department

Department Vision:
To develop professionals in the field of Electronics & Communication embodied with core
competence and human values to meet trending needs of industry and research.

Department Mission:
M1: Impart domain knowledge and technical skills with innovative pedagogies
M2: Formulate continuous industry-institute collaboration and research to meet recent
Trends
M3: Inculcate discipline, human values and professional ethics to serve the societal needs

Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)

PEO 1: Succeed in professional career by imbibing domain knowledge

PEO 2: Adopt cutting edge technologies to pursue higher education & research.
PEO 3: Demonstrate team work, social, ethical, leadership qualities and effective
Communication skills.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

PSO1: Should be able to understand the concepts of applied science, humanities and
applications in the field of semiconductor technology involving analog electronics, digital
electronics, power electronics, signal processing, embedded systems, VLSI and
Communication/networking.

PSO2: Should have the capability to comprehend the technological advancements in the
modern tool usage to analyze, design and implement various real time solutions.
 Program Outcomes (POs)
Engineering Graduates will be able to:
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.

2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems

and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with
appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.

4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and

research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.

5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modelling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.

6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.

7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering

solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and
need for sustainable development.

8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice.

9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or

leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the

engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give
and receive clear instructions.

11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member
and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.
 Course Outcomes (CO)

1. Deduce transfer function of a given physical system, from differential equation

representation or Block Diagram representation and SFG representation
2. Calculate time response specifications and analyse the stability of the system
3. Draw and analyse the effect of gain on system behaviour using root loci
4. Perform frequency response Analysis and find the stability of the system.
5. Represent State model of the system and find the time response of the system.

CO-PO Articulation Matrix

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Conduct investigations of

Project management and

The engineer and society
Engineering knowledge

Design/development of

Individual and team

Modern tool usage
Course Outcomes-CO
complex problems

Life-long learning
Environment and
Problem analysis

Communication
sustainability
solutions

finance
Ethics

work
Deduce transfer function of a given
physical system, from differential
equation representation or Block 2 2 1
Diagram representation and SFG
representation.

Calculate time response

specifications and analyse the 2 2 1
stability of the system.

Draw and analyse the effect of gain

1 2 1
on system behaviour using root loci.

Perform frequency response

Analysis and find the stability of the 1 2 1
system.

Represent State model of the system

and find the time response of the 2 1 1
system..

Overall 1 2 1
 CO-PSO Articulation Matrix

Course Outcomes-CO’s PSO-1 PSO-2

1. Deduce transfer function of a given physical system, from differential equation

2 1
representation or Block Diagram representation and SFG representation.

2. Calculate time response specifications and analyse the stability of the system. 2

3. Draw and analyse the effect of gain on system behaviour using root loci. 2 1

4. Perform frequency response Analysis and find the stability of the system. 2

5. Represent State model of the system and find the time response of the system.. 2

Overall 2 1
 Control System Lab (IPCC)

Control System (BEC403)

PRACTICAL COMPONENT OF IPCC

No Name of the Experiment

1 Implement Block diagram reduction technique to obtain transfer function a control system.

2 Implement Signal Flow graph to obtain transfer function a control system.

3 Simulation of poles and zeros of a transfer function

4 Implement time response specification of a second order Under damped System, for different damping
factors.
5 Implement frequency response of a second order System.
6 Implement frequency response of a lead lag compensator.

7 Analyze the stability of the given system using Root locus.

8 Analyze the stability of the given system using Bode plots.

9 Analyze the stability of the given system using Nyquist plot.

10 Obtain the time response from state model of a system.

11 Implement PI and PD Controllers.

Dept of ECE, JCER, Belagavi Page 1

 Control System Lab (IPCC)

Experiment 1
Aim: Implement Block diagram reduction technique to obtain transfer function a control system.

Program:
clc;
close all; clear;
p = 4;
q = [1 1 2];
disp('Transfer Function a:');
a = tf(p, q)
r = [1 0];
s = [1 2];
disp('Transfer Function b:');
b = tf(r, s)
disp('Series Connection of a and b (c):');
c = series(a, b)
disp('Feedback System (Ans):');
Ans = feedback(c, 1, -1)

Transfer Function a: Transfer

function:
4
s^2 + s + 2
Transfer Function b: Transfer
function:
s
s+2
Series Connection of a and b (c):
Transfer function:
4s
s^3 + 3 s^2 + 4 s + 4
Feedback System (Ans):
Transfer function:
4s
s^3 + 3 s^2 + 8 s + 4

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 Control System Lab (IPCC)

Experiment 2
Aim: Implement Signal Flow graph to obtain transfer function a control system

Program:
clc;
close all; clear
all;
% Define the Laplace transform variable s
s = tf('s');
% Define the individual transfer functions
P1 = 1/(s+1);
P2 = 2/(s+2);
L1 = -1/(s+3);
L2 = -1/(s+4);
% Calculate the combined loop transfer functions
L12 = L1 * L2;
% Calculate the determinant Delta
Delta = 1 - (L1 + L2) + L12;
% Calculate Delta1 and Delta2
Delta1 = 1 - (L1 + L2); % Assuming the same form for Delta1 and Delta2
Delta2 = Delta1; % Assuming Delta2 is the same as Delta1
% Calculate the overall transfer function using Mason's Gain Formula
TF = (P1 * Delta1 + P2 * Delta2) / Delta;
% Display the overall transfer function
disp('Overall transfer function of the system using Masons Gain Formula:');
display(TF);

Overall transfer function of the system using Masons Gain Formula: Transfer

function:

3 s^9 + 94 s^8 + 1293 s^7 + 10243 s^6 + 51460 s^5 + 169827 s^4
+ 367528 s^3 + 501696 s^2 + 390528 s + 131328

s^10 + 33 s^9 + 484 s^8 + 4150 s^7 + 23005 s^6 + 85993 s^5 + 219006 s^4

+ 374080 s^3 + 408384 s^2 + 255744 s + 69120

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 Control System Lab (IPCC)

Experiment 3
Aim: Simulation of poles and zeros of a transfer function

Program:

% Define the Laplace transform variable s

s = tf('s');
% Define the numerator and denominator of the transfer function
% Example: (s^2 + 2s + 3) / (s^3 + 4s^2 + 5s + 6)
numerator = s^2 + 2*s + 3;
denominator = s^3 + 4*s^2 + 5*s + 6;
% Create the transfer function
G = numerator / denominator;
% Calculate poles and zeros
poles = pole(G);
zeros = zero(G);
% Display poles and zeros
disp('Poles of the transfer function:');
disp(poles);
disp('Zeros of the transfer function:');
disp(zeros);
% Plot poles and zeros on the complex plane
figure;
pzmap(G);
title('Pole-Zero Map');
grid on;

Poles of the transfer function:

-3.0000-0.5000 + 1.3229i -0.5000 - 1.3229i
Zeros of the transfer function:
-1.0000 + 1.4142i -1.0000 - 1.4142i

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 Control System Lab (IPCC)

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 Control System Lab (IPCC)

Experiment 4
Aim: Observe the positive and negative clamper with and without referenced waveforms using multisim
software

Program:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
num1 = 1;
den1 = [1 1.414 1];
w = 0:0.01:pi;
h = freqs(num1, den1, w);
mag = abs(h);
phase = angle(h);
figure; subplot(2,1,1);
plot(w, mag); xlabel('Frequency');
ylabel('Magnitude');
title('Magnitude Spectrum of H1');
grid on;
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(w, phase);
xlabel('Frequency');
ylabel('Phase');
title('Phase Spectrum of H1');
grid on;

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 Control System Lab (IPCC)

Experiment 5
Aim: Implement frequency response of a second order System.

Program:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
num1 = 1;
den1 = [1 1.414 1];
w = 0:0.01:pi;
h = freqs(num1, den1, w);
mag = abs(h);
phase = angle(h);
figure; subplot(2,1,1);
plot(w, mag);
xlabel('Frequency');
ylabel('Magnitude');
title('Magnitude Spectrum of H1');
grid on;
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(w, phase);
xlabel('Frequency');
ylabel('Phase');
title('Phase Spectrum of H1');
grid on;

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 Control System Lab (IPCC)

Experiment 6
Aim: Implement frequency response of a lead lag compensator

Program:

% Define the time constants for the lead and lag components
T_lead = 0.1; % Lead time constant
T_lag = 10; % Lag time constant
% Define the transfer function for the lead-lag compensator
num = [T_lead 1]; % Numerator coefficients
den = [T_lag 1]; % Denominator coefficients
compensator = tf(num, den);
% Define the frequency range for the response
w = logspace(-2, 2, 500); % Frequencies from 0.01 to 100 rad/s
% Calculate the frequency response
[mag, phase, w] = bode(compensator, w);
% Convert magnitude to dB and phase to degrees
magdB = 20*log10(squeeze(mag));
phaseDeg = squeeze(phase);
% Plot the frequency response
figure;
subplot(2,1,1); % Magnitude plot
semilogx(w, magdB);
grid on;
title('Magnitude Response of Lead-Lag Compensator');
xlabel('Frequency (rad/s)');
ylabel('Magnitude (dB)');
subplot(2,1,2); % Phase plot
semilogx(w, phaseDeg);
grid on;
title('Phase Response of Lead-Lag Compensator');
xlabel('Frequency (rad/s)');
ylabel('Phase (degrees)');

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 Control System Lab (IPCC)

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 Control System Lab (IPCC)

Experiment
10

Aim: Analyze the stability of the given system using Root locus

Program:

% Clear all variables and close all figures

clear all; close all; clc;
% Define the numerator and denominator of G(s)H(s)
n = [1]; % Represents s(s+1), expanded to s^2 + s + 0
d = [1 3 2 0]; % Represents s(s+1), which is actually [1 1 0]
% Create the transfer function system
sys = tf(n, d);
% Display the zero-pole-gain form of the system
zpk(sys)
% Plot the root locus
rlocus(sys);
% Add grid lines to the plot
grid;

Zero/pole/gain:
1
s(s+)
(s+1)

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 Control System Lab (IPCC)

Experiment 8
Aim: Analyze the stability of the given system using Bode plots.

Program:

% Clear all variables and close all figures

clear all; close all; clc;
% Define the numerator and denominator of the transfer function
n = [450];
d = [1 12 20 0];
% Create the transfer function system
sys = tf(n, d);
% Plot the Bode plot
figure;
bode(sys);
% Hold the current plot to overlay the margin plot
hold;
% Plot the gain and phase margins
margin(sys);

Current plot held

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 Control System Lab (IPCC)

Experiment 9
Aim: Analyze the stability of the given system using Nyquist plot.

Program:
% Define the numerator and denominator of the transfer function
num = [0 20 20 10]; % Numerator coefficients
den = [1 11 10 0]; % Denominator coefficients
% Create the transfer function system
nyquist(num, den);
% Plot the Nyquist plot
v = [-2 3 -3 3];
% Set the axis limits
axis(v);
grid;
% Add title to the plot
title('Nyquist Plot of G(s) = 20(s^2+s+0.5)/[s(s+1)(s+10)]');

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 Control System Lab (IPCC)

Experiment 10:
Aim: Obtain the time response from state model of a system.

Program:

% Clear all variables and close all figures

clear all;
close all; clc;
% Define the state-space matrices
A = [0 1; -2 -3];
B = [0; 1];
C = [1 -1];
D = 0;
% Create the state-space system
mysys = ss(A, B, C, D);
% Define the initial condition vector
q0 = [1; 2];
% Simulate the initial condition response
initial(mysys, q0);

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 Control System Lab (IPCC)

Experiment 11A
Aim: Implement PI Controller

Program:
clc; clear;
% Define the PI controller gains
ki = 10;
kp = 10;
% Define the numerator and denominator of the PI controller transfer function
numI = [kp ki];
denI = [1 0];
% Define the system transfer function (Example)
% Replace `num` and `den` with your actual system transfer function coefficients
num = [1]; % Example numerator
den = [1 2 1]; % Example denominator
% Convolve the denominator of the PI controller with the system's denominator
dr = conv(denI, den);
% Display the open-loop transfer function
disp('Transfer function for PI controller without feedback:');
sys2 = tf(numI, dr)
% Create the closed-loop transfer function with unity feedback
disp('Transfer function for PI controller with feedback:');
G2 = feedback(sys2, 1)
% Step response and plot
m = step(G2);
figure; plot(m);
title('PI control Kp=10 and Ki=10');
xlabel('Time (seconds)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
% Calculate and display the DC gain of the closed-loop system
k = dcgain(G2)
disp(['DC gain of the closed-loop system: ', num2str(k)]);

Transfer function for PI controller without feedback: Transfer

function:
10 s + 10
s^3 + 2 s^2 + s
Transfer function for PI controller with feedback: Transfer
function:
10 s + 10
s^3 + 2 s^2 + 11 s + 10

k =1

DC gain of the closed-loop system: 1

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 Control System Lab (IPCC)

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 Control System Lab (IPCC)

Experiment 11B
Aim: Implement PD Controller

Program:
% Define the plant transfer function numerator and denominator
num = [1]; % Example plant numerator
den = [1 2 1]; % Example plant denominator
% PD controller parameters
Kd = 10;
Kp = 10; % Assuming Kp = Kd for simplicity, you can change this as needed
% PD controller transfer function numerator (assuming D = Kd + Kp*s)
numc = [Kd Kp];
denomc = [1]; % PD controller denominator (assumed to be 1 for simplicity)
% Open-loop transfer function of the PD controller
nr = conv(num, numc);
disp('Transfer function for PD controller without feedback:');
sys1 = tf(nr, den)
% Closed-loop transfer function with unity feedback
disp('Transfer function for PD controller with feedback:');
G1 = feedback(sys1, 1)
% Step response
m = step(G1);
figure; plot(m);
title('PD control Kp=10 and Kd=10');
xlabel('Time (seconds)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
grid on;

Transfer function for PD controller without feedback: Transfer

function:
10 s + 10
s^2 + 2 s + 1
Transfer function for PD controller with feedback: Transfer
function:
10 s + 10
s^2 + 12 s + 11

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