Python Interview Q/A & Case studies

Here’s what you’ll find in this document:-​

●​ Python Libraries Case studies

●​ Python Programming Interview Q/A

Python Libraries Case studies

Below Playlist Contains more than 20 Python EDA Case studies videos-

- https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_1pt6K-CLoDMEbYy2PcZuITWEjqMfyoA

Python Programming Interview Q/A

Question 1: Write a Python program to Reverse a String.

Solution:

With Indexing:​
def reverse_string(s):​
return s[::-1]

Example usage

input_string = "Hello, World!"​

reversed_string = reverse_string(input_string)​
print("Original string:", input_string)​
print("Reversed string:", reversed_string)

Output:
Original string: Hello, World!

Reversed string: !dlroW ,olleH

Without Indexing:​
def reverse_string(s):​
reversed_str = ""​
for char in s:​
reversed_str = char + reversed_str​
return reversed_str

Example usage

input_string = "Hello, World!"​

reversed_string = reverse_string(input_string)​
print("Original string:", input_string)​
print("Reversed string:", reversed_string)

Output:

Original string: Hello, World!

Reversed string: !dlroW ,olleH

Question 2: Write a Python program to Check Palindrome.

Solution:

For String:​
def is_palindrome(s):​
s = s.replace(" ", "").lower()​
return s == s[::-1]
Example usage

input_string = "A man, a plan, a canal, Panama"​

if is_palindrome(input_string):​
print("The string is a palindrome.")​
else:​
print("The string is not a palindrome.")

Output:

The string is a palindrome.

For Number:​
def is_palindrome(number):​
num_str = str(number)​
return num_str == num_str[::-1]

Example usage

input_number = 12321​
if is_palindrome(input_number):​
print("The number is a palindrome.")​
else:​
print("The number is not a palindrome.")

Output:

The number is a palindrome.

Question 3: Write a Python program to Count Vowels in a String.

Solution:​
def count_vowels(s):​
vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"​
count = 0​
for char in s:​
if char in vowels:​
count += 1​
return count

Example usage

input_string = "Hello, World!"​

vowel_count = count_vowels(input_string)​
print("Number of vowels in the string:", vowel_count)

Output:

Number of vowels in the string: 3

Question 4: Write a Python program to find Factorial with Recursion.

Solution:

With Function:​
def factorial(n):​
if n == 0:​
return 1​
else:​
return n * factorial(n - 1)

Example usage

number = 5​
result = factorial(number)​
print("Factorial of", number, "is", result)
Output:

Factorial of 5 is 120

Without Function:​
number = 5​
factorial = 1

if number < 0:​

print("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers.")​
elif number == 0:​
print("Factorial of 0 is 1")​
else:​
for i in range(1, number + 1):​
factorial *= i​
print("Factorial of", number, "is", factorial)

Output:

Factorial of 5 is 120

Question 5: Write a Python program to find Fibonacci Sequence.

Solution:​
def fibonacci(n):​
fib_sequence = [0, 1]​
for i in range(2, n):​
next_term = fib_sequence[-1] + fib_sequence[-2]​
fib_sequence.append(next_term)​
return fib_sequence

Example usage
num_terms = 10​
fib_sequence = fibonacci(num_terms)​
print("Fibonacci sequence up to", num_terms, "terms:", fib_sequence)

Output:

Fibonacci sequence up to 10 terms: [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]

Question 6: Write a Python program to find the Maximum Element in a List.

Solution:

Using Built-in Function:​

my_list = [10, 23, 45, 67, 12, 89, 34]​
max_element = max(my_list)​
print("Maximum element in the list:", max_element)

Output:

Maximum element in the list: 89

Using User-defined Function:​

def find_max_element(lst):​
if not lst:​
return None​
max_element = lst[0]​
for num in lst:​
if num > max_element:​
max_element = num​
return max_element

Example usage
my_list = [10, 23, 45, 67, 12, 89, 34]​
max_element = find_max_element(my_list)​
print("Maximum element in the list:", max_element)

Output:

Maximum element in the list: 89

Here is the continuation of the Python interview questions and answers in the
requested format:

Question 7: Write a Python program to find Anagram Check.

Solution:​
def is_anagram(str1, str2):​
str1 = str1.replace(" ", "").lower()​
str2 = str2.replace(" ", "").lower()​
return sorted(str1) == sorted(str2)

Example usage

string1 = "listen"​
string2 = "silent"​
if is_anagram(string1, string2):​
print(f"'{string1}' and '{string2}' are anagrams.")​
else:​
print(f"'{string1}' and '{string2}' are not anagrams.")

Output:

'listen' and 'silent' are anagrams.

Question 8: Write a Python program to find Prime Numbers.

Solution:​
def is_prime(num):​
if num <= 1:​
return False​
for i in range(2, int(num ** 0.5) + 1):​
if num % i == 0:​
return False​
return True

def find_primes(start, end):​

primes = []​
for num in range(start, end + 1):​
if is_prime(num):​
primes.append(num)​
return primes

Example usage

start_range = 1​
end_range = 50​
prime_numbers = find_primes(start_range, end_range)​
print("Prime numbers between", start_range, "and", end_range, "are:",
prime_numbers)

Output:

Prime numbers between 1 and 50 are: [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37,
41, 43, 47]

Question 9: Write a Python program to check for Pangram.

Solution:​
import string

def is_pangram(sentence):​
sentence = sentence.lower()​
unique_chars = set(sentence)​
unique_chars.difference_update(set(string.punctuation + " "))​
return len(unique_chars) == 26

Example usage

input_sentence = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"​
if is_pangram(input_sentence):​
print("The sentence is a pangram.")​
else:​
print("The sentence is not a pangram.")

Output:

The sentence is a pangram.

Question 10: Write a Python program for basic Data Structure Operations
(e.g., list manipulation, string manipulation).

Solution:

List Manipulation

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Append an element to the list

my_list.append(6)​
print("After appending 6:", my_list)
Remove an element from the list

my_list.remove(3)​
print("After removing 3:", my_list)

Access elements by index

print("Element at index 2:", my_list[2])

String Manipulation

my_string = "Hello, World!"

Split the string into a list of words

words = my_string.split()​
print("Split string into words:", words)

Join elements of a list into a single string

new_string = "-".join(words)​
print("Joined words with '-':", new_string)

Convert string to uppercase

upper_string = my_string.upper()​
print("Uppercase string:", upper_string)

Replace a substring

replaced_string = my_string.replace("World", "Universe")​

print("After replacing 'World' with 'Universe':", replaced_string)

Output:
After appending 6: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

After removing 3: [1, 2, 4, 5, 6]

Element at index 2: 4

Split string into words: ['Hello,', 'World!']

Joined words with '-': Hello,-World!

Uppercase string: HELLO, WORLD!

After replacing 'World' with 'Universe': Hello, Universe!

Question 11: Write a Python program to find the Minimum Element in a List.

Solution:

Using User-defined Function:​

def find_min_element(lst):​
if not lst:​
return None​
min_element = lst[0]​
for num in lst:​
if num < min_element:​
min_element = num​
return min_element

Example usage
my_list = [10, 23, 45, 67, 12, 89, 34]​
min_element = find_min_element(my_list)​
print("Minimum element in the list:", min_element)

Output:

Minimum element in the list: 10

Using Built-in Function:​

my_list = [10, 23, 45, 67, 12, 89, 34]​
min_element = min(my_list)​
print("Minimum element in the list:", min_element)

Output:

Minimum element in the list: 10

Question 12: Write a Python program to calculate the Sum of Digits in a

Number.

Solution:​
def sum_of_digits(number):​
num_str = str(number)​
digit_sum = 0​
for digit in num_str:​
digit_sum += int(digit)​
return digit_sum

Example usage

input_number = 12345​
result = sum_of_digits(input_number)​
print("Sum of digits in", input_number, "is", result)
Output:

Sum of digits in 12345 is 15

Question 13: Write a Python program to check for Armstrong Number.

Solution:​
def is_armstrong(number):​
num_str = str(number)​
num_digits = len(num_str)​
armstrong_sum = 0​
for digit in num_str:​
armstrong_sum += int(digit) ** num_digits​
return armstrong_sum == number

Example usage

input_number = 153​
if is_armstrong(input_number):​
print(input_number, "is an Armstrong number.")​
else:​
print(input_number, "is not an Armstrong number.")

Output:

153 is an Armstrong number.

Question 14: Write a Python program to check for Leap Year.

Solution:​
def is_leap_year(year):​
if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):​
return True​
else:​
return False

Example usage

input_year = 2024​
if is_leap_year(input_year):​
print(input_year, "is a leap year.")​
else:​
print(input_year, "is not a leap year.")

Output:

2024 is a leap year.

Question 15: Write a Python program to calculate Factorial without

Recursion.

Solution:​
def factorial(n):​
result = 1​
for i in range(1, n + 1):​
result *= i​
return result

Example usage

number = 5​
result = factorial(number)​
print("Factorial of", number, "is", result)

Output:
Factorial of 5 is 120

Question 16: Write a Python program to find the Average of Numbers in a

List.

Solution:​
def find_average(numbers):​
if not numbers:​
return None​
total = sum(numbers)​
average = total / len(numbers)​
return average

Example usage

number_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]​

average = find_average(number_list)​
if average is not None:​
print("Average of numbers in the list:", average)​
else:​
print("The list is empty.")

Output:

Average of numbers in the list: 30.0

Question 17: Write a Python program to Merge Two Sorted Lists.

Solution:​
def merge_sorted_lists(list1, list2):​
merged_list = []​
i=j=0
while i < len(list1) and j < len(list2):
if list1[i] < list2[j]:
merged_list.append(list1[i])
i += 1
else:
merged_list.append(list2[j])
j += 1

while i < len(list1):

merged_list.append(list1[i])
i += 1

while j < len(list2):

merged_list.append(list2[j])
j += 1

return merged_list

Example usage

list1 = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]​

list2 = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]​
merged_list = merge_sorted_lists(list1, list2)​
print("Merged sorted list:", merged_list)

Output:

Merged sorted list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

Question 18: Write a Python program to Remove Duplicates from a String.

Solution:​
def remove_duplicates(input_string):​
unique_chars = set()​
result = ""​
for char in input_string:​
if char not in unique_chars:​
result += char​
unique_chars.add(char)​
return result

Example usage

input_string = "hello world"​

result = remove_duplicates(input_string)​
print("String with duplicates removed:", result)

Output:

String with duplicates removed: helo wrd

Question 19: Write a Python program to Check for Perfect Numbers.

Solution:​
def is_perfect_number(number):​
if number <= 0:​
return False​
divisor_sum = 0​
for i in range(1, number):​
if number % i == 0:​
divisor_sum += i​
return divisor_sum == number

Example usage
input_number = 28​
if is_perfect_number(input_number):​
print(input_number, "is a perfect number.")​
else:​
print(input_number, "is not a perfect number.")

Output:

28 is a perfect number.

Question 20: Write a Python program to Find the Maximum Difference

between Two Elements in a List.

Solution:​
def max_difference(nums):​
if len(nums) < 2:​
return None​
min_element = float('inf')​
max_difference = float('-inf')​
for num in nums:​
min_element = min(min_element, num)​
max_difference = max(max_difference, num - min_element)​
return max_difference

Example usage

numbers = [7, 1, 5, 3, 6, 4]​

result = max_difference(numbers)​
if result is not None:​
print("Maximum difference between two elements in the list:", result)​
else:​
print("The list has less than two elements.")
Output:

Maximum difference between two elements in the list: 5

Question 21: Write a Python program to check if a Number is Even or Odd.

Solution:

With User-defined Function:​

def check_even_odd(number):​
if number % 2 == 0:​
return "Even"​
else:​
return "Odd"

Example usage

input_number = 7​
result = check_even_odd(input_number)​
print(input_number, "is", result)

Output:

7 is Odd

Without Function:​
number = 7

if number % 2 == 0:​
print(number, "is Even")​
else:​
print(number, "is Odd")

Output:
7 is Odd

Question 22: Write a Python program to Count Words in a Sentence.

Solution:

def count_words(sentence):​
words = sentence.split()​
return len(words)

Example usage

input_sentence = "This is a sample sentence."​

word_count = count_words(input_sentence)​
print("Number of words in the sentence:", word_count)

Output:

Number of words in the sentence: 5

With Built-in Function:​

sentence = "This is a sample sentence."​
word_count = len(sentence.split())​
print("Number of words in the sentence:", word_count)

Output:

Number of words in the sentence: 5

Question 23: Write a Python program to Convert Decimal to Binary.

Solution:​
def decimal_to_binary(decimal):​
binary = ""​
quotient = decimal​
while quotient > 0:​
remainder = quotient % 2​
binary = str(remainder) + binary​
quotient //= 2​
return binary

Example usage

decimal_number = 10​
binary_number = decimal_to_binary(decimal_number)​
print("Binary representation of", decimal_number, "is", binary_number)

Output:

Binary representation of 10 is 1010

Question 24: Write a Python program to Find the Second Largest Element in
a List.

Solution:​
def second_largest(nums):​
if len(nums) < 2:​
return None​
sorted_nums = sorted(nums, reverse=True)​
return sorted_nums[1]

Example usage

numbers = [10, 30, 20, 40, 50]​

result = second_largest(numbers)​
if result is not None:​
print("Second largest element in the list:", result)​
else:​
print("The list has less than two elements.")

Output:

Second largest element in the list: 40

Question 25: Write a Python program to Reverse Words in a String.

Solution:​
def reverse_words(input_string):​
words = input_string.split()​
reversed_words = words[::-1]​
reversed_string = " ".join(reversed_words)​
return reversed_string

Example usage

input_string = "Hello World"​

reversed_string = reverse_words(input_string)​
print("Original string:", input_string)​
print("Reversed string:", reversed_string)

Output:

Original string: Hello World

Reversed string: World Hello

Question 26: Write a Python program to Check if a Number is a Prime
Factor.

Solution:​
def is_prime_factor(number, potential_factor):​
if number <= 1 or potential_factor <= 1:​
return False​
return number % potential_factor == 0

Example usage

number = 15​
potential_factor = 3​
if is_prime_factor(number, potential_factor):​
print(potential_factor, "is a prime factor of", number)​
else:​
print(potential_factor, "is not a prime factor of", number)

Output:

3 is a prime factor of 15

Question 27: Write a Python program to Check if a Number is a Power of

Two.

Solution:​
def is_power_of_two(number):​
if number <= 0:​
return False​
while number > 1:​
if number % 2 != 0:​
return False​
number //= 2​
return True
Example usage

number = 16​
if is_power_of_two(number):​
print(number, "is a power of two.")​
else:​
print(number, "is not a power of two.")

Output:

16 is a power of two.

Question 28: Write a Python program to Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit.

Solution:​
def celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius):​
fahrenheit = (celsius * 9/5) + 32​
return fahrenheit

Example usage

celsius_temperature = 25​
fahrenheit_temperature = celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius_temperature)​
print("Celsius:", celsius_temperature, "Fahrenheit:", fahrenheit_temperature)

Output:

Celsius: 25 Fahrenheit: 77.0

Question 29: Write a Python program to calculate the LCM (Least Common
Multiple) of Two Numbers.
Solution:​
import math

def lcm(a, b):​

return abs(a * b) // math.gcd(a, b)

Example usage

num1 = 12​
num2 = 18​
result = lcm(num1, num2)​
print("LCM of", num1, "and", num2, "is", result)

Output:

LCM of 12 and 18 is 36

Question 30: Write a Python program to Find the GCD (Greatest Common
Divisor) of Two Numbers.

Solution:​
import math

def gcd(a, b):​

return math.gcd(a, b)

Example usage

num1 = 56​
num2 = 98​
result = gcd(num1, num2)​
print("GCD of", num1, "and", num2, "is", result)

Output:
GCD of 56 and 98 is 14