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IV Open Systems

The document outlines the principles of mass and energy analysis for control volumes, including definitions, mathematical expressions, and derivations of key concepts such as conservation of mass and energy transport. It also presents various assumptions and expressions related to steady flow devices like nozzles, turbines, and mixing chambers, along with sample problems for practical application. The content serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding fluid dynamics in engineering contexts.

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arshixajba07
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12 views2 pages

IV Open Systems

The document outlines the principles of mass and energy analysis for control volumes, including definitions, mathematical expressions, and derivations of key concepts such as conservation of mass and energy transport. It also presents various assumptions and expressions related to steady flow devices like nozzles, turbines, and mixing chambers, along with sample problems for practical application. The content serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding fluid dynamics in engineering contexts.

Uploaded by

arshixajba07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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E MASS AND ENERGY ANALYSIS OF CONTROL VOLUMES

1. Define Control Volume, Mass flow rate and volume flow rate with suitable mathematical

expressions

2. Derive the Conservation of mass principle for a control volume and write the special

cases for steady flow process and incompressible flow

3. Problems on conservation of mass principle

4. Define flow work and develop a suitable mathematical expression

5. Develop an expression for energy transport through mass

6. Expression for total energy for a non flowing fluid and flowing fluid

7. Expression for energy balance of steady flow systems

8. Assumptions and Expression for Nozzle and diffusers

9. Assumptions and Expression for Turbines and Compressors

10. Assumptions and Expression for Throttling Valves

11. Assumptions and Expression for Mixing Chambers

12. Problems on steady flow devices

13. Define uniform flow


Sample Problems

5–29 The diffuser in a jet engine is designed to decrease the kinetic energy of the air entering the
engine compressor without any work or heat interactions. Calculate the velocity at the exit of a
diffuser when air at 100 kPa and 30°C enters it with a velocity of 350 m/s and the exit state is
200 kPa and 90°C.

5–31 Air at 600 kPa and 500 K enters an adiabatic nozzle that has an inlet-to-exit area ratio of
2:1 with a velocity of 120 m/s and leaves with a velocity of 380 m/s. Determine (a) the exit
temperature and (b) the exit pressure of the air.

5–44 Air is expanded from 1000 kPa and 600°C at the inlet of a steady-flow turbine to 100 kPa
and 200°C at the outlet. The inlet area and velocity are 0.1 m2 and 30 m/s, respectively, and the
outlet velocity is 10 m/s. Determine the mass flow rate and outlet area.

5–38 Air at 80 kPa, 27°C, and 220 m/s enters a diffuser at a rate of 2.5 kg/s and leaves at 42°C.
The exit area of the diffuser is 400 cm2. The air is estimated to lose heat at a rate of 18 kJ/s
during this process. Determine (a) the exit velocity and (b) the exit pressure of the air.

5–51 Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500°C at a rate of 3 kg/s and leaves at 20
kPa. If the power output of the turbine is 2.5 MW, determine the temperature of the steam at the
turbine exit. Neglect kinetic energy changes.

5–54 Steam flows steadily into a turbine with a mass flow rate of 26 kg/s and a negligible
velocity at 6 MPa and 600°C. The steam leaves the turbine at 0.5 MPa and 200°C with a velocity
of 180 m/s. The rate of work done by the steam in the turbine is measured to be 20,350 kW. If
the elevation change between the turbine inlet and exit is negligible, determine the rate of heat
transfer associated with this process.

5–73 Hot and cold streams of a fluid are mixed in a rigid mixing chamber. The hot fluid flows
into the chamber at a mass flow rate of 5 kg/s with an energy in the amount of 150 kJ/kg. The
cold fluid flows into the chamber with a mass flow rate of 15 kg/s and carries energy in the
amount of 50 kJ/kg. There is heat transfer to the surroundings from the mixing chamber in the
amount of 5.5 kW. The mixing chamber operates in a steady-flow manner and does not gain or
lose energy or mass with time. Determine the energy carried from the mixing chamber by the
fluid mixture per unit mass of fluid, in kJ/kg.

5–90 Water is heated in an insulated, constant-diameter tube by a 7-kW electric resistance heater.
If the water enters the heater steadily at 20°C and leaves at 75°C, determine the mass flow rate of
water.

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