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2.1 SNMP-1

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is used for managing and monitoring network-connected devices in IP networks, operating primarily over UDP. It consists of various components including SNMP-managed devices, agents, and managers, and supports multiple versions with distinct features. SNMP commands facilitate communication for retrieving and configuring device data, making it particularly valuable in larger network environments.

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13 views14 pages

2.1 SNMP-1

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is used for managing and monitoring network-connected devices in IP networks, operating primarily over UDP. It consists of various components including SNMP-managed devices, agents, and managers, and supports multiple versions with distinct features. SNMP commands facilitate communication for retrieving and configuring device data, making it particularly valuable in larger network environments.

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7j725j76d2
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SNMP

Contents
• What is SNMP?
• Where is SNMP?
• SNMP and UDP
• SNMP Management Information Bases (MIBs)
• Versions of SNMP
• SNMP Runtime Components
• SNMP and Network Size
• SNMP Commands
• What is an SNMP port?
• Limitations of SNMP Management
What is SNMP?
• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a networking
protocol used for the management and monitoring of network-
connected devices in Internet Protocol networks.
Where is SNMP
• The SNMP protocol is embedded in multiple local devices such
as:
• routers,
• switches,
• servers,
• firewalls,
• and wireless access points
accessible using their IP address.
Where is SNMP
• SNMP provides a common mechanism for network devices to
relay management information within single and multi-vendor
LAN or WAN environments.
• It is an application layer protocol in the OSI model framework.
SNMP and UDP
• Typically, the SNMP protocol is implemented using the User
Datagram Protocol (UDP).
• UDP is a connectionless protocol that works like the
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) but assumes that error-
checking and recovery services are not required.
• Instead, UDP continuously sends datagrams to the recipient
whether they receive them or not.
SNMP Management Information Bases
(MIBs)
• Data structures that define what can be collected from the
local device and what can be changed and configured.
• There are many MIBs defined by standards bodies such as the
IETF and ISO, as well as proprietary MIBs defined by specific IT
equipment vendors such as Cisco and software vendors such as
Microsoft and Oracle.
Versions of SNMP
• There are three different versions of SNMP:
• SNMP version 1 (SNMPv1)—This was the first implementation,
operating within the structure management information
specification, and described in RFC 1157.
• SNMP version 2 (SNMPv2)—This version was improved to
support more efficient error handling and is described in RFC
1901. It was first introduced as RFC 1441. It is often referred
to as SNMPv2c.
• SNMP version 3 (SNMPv3)—This version improves security and
privacy. It was introduced in RFC 3410.
SNMP Runtime Components
• These are the main runtime components in an SNMP-enabled
environment:
• SNMP-managed devices and resources—These are the devices and
network elements on which an agent runs.
• SNMP agent—This software runs on the hardware or service being
monitored by SNMP, collecting data on various metrics like CPU usage,
bandwidth usage or disk space. As queried by the SNMP manager, the
agent finds and sends this information back to SNMP management
systems.
• SNMP manager—(also referred to as SNMP server) This component
functions as a centralized management station running an SNMP
management application on many different operating system
environments. It actively requests agents send SNMP updates at
regular intervals.
Management information base (MIB)—
• Management information base (MIB)—This data structure is a
text file (with a .mib file extension) that describes all data
objects used by a particular device that can be queried or
controlled using SNMP including access control.
• Inside the MIB there are many different managed objects which can
be identified by Object Identifiers.
• An Object Identifier (OID) is a MIB identifier that is used to delineate
between devices within the MIB.
• OIDs are uniquely generated as numeric identifiers used for access to
MIB objects.
SNMP and Network Size
• While SNMP is used in a network of any size, its biggest value
is when used in larger networks.
• By using SNMP, a network administrator will be able to manage
and monitor all SNMP devices from a single interface.
SNMP Commands
• SNMP tools perform many functions that rely on a mix of push
and pull communications between network devices and the
network management system.
• At its core set of functions, it can execute read or write
commands, such as resetting a password or changing a
configuration setting.
• It can also find how much network bandwidth, CPU and
memory are in use.
• Some SNMP managers can automatically send the
administrator an email or text message alert if a predefined
threshold is exceeded.
SNMP Commands
• Get Request—A request to retrieve the value of a variable or list of
variables.
• Set Request—Sent by the SNMP manager to the agent to issue
configurations or commands.
• GetNext Request—Sent by the SNMP manager to agent to find the values
of the next record in the MIB's hierarchy.
• GetBulk Request—Sent by the SNMP manager to the agent to obtain
large tables of data by performing multiple GetNext Request commands.
• SNMP Response—Sent by the agent to the SNMP manager, issued in reply
to a
• SNMP Trap—Asynchronous trap messages from SNMP agents alert an SNMP
manager that a significant event such as an error or failure, has occurred.
• SNMP Inform—Confirms receipt of a trap.
What is an SNMP port?
• SNMP ports are utilized via:
UDP 161 for SNMP Managers communicating with SNMP Agents
(i.e. polling) and
UDP 162 when agents send unsolicited Traps to the SNMP
Manager.

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