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Computer Network All Essay

Computer networks consist of interconnected devices that facilitate information sharing and resource utilization. They can be classified into various types, such as LAN, MAN, and WAN, and utilize different topologies like bus, star, and mesh for data transmission. The OSI model describes how data is encapsulated and managed as it moves through the network layers.

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6 views5 pages

Computer Network All Essay

Computer networks consist of interconnected devices that facilitate information sharing and resource utilization. They can be classified into various types, such as LAN, MAN, and WAN, and utilize different topologies like bus, star, and mesh for data transmission. The OSI model describes how data is encapsulated and managed as it moves through the network layers.

Uploaded by

al3alamia center
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Networks:

a collection of Computers, and other devices, or peripherals connected together through


connecting media.
Benefits of Computer Networks:

1. Easy access and sharing of information.


2. Modern Technologies
3. Shared Internet Access.
4. Sharing of expensive devices and network resources:
• File Sharing.
• Peripheral Sharing.
• Software Sharing with multi-user
licenses.

Components:

Data communication:
the process of exchange data between devices via transaction media

Data communication system:


Share channels “transmission media”:
Physically connect the computer and network devices

Types:

A- wired “cables”

1. Metallic: information patterns into electrical impulses


2. Fiber optical: and code into pulses of lights

B-Wireless “air”: electromagnetic waves

1. Infrared
2. Bluetooth
3. Radio wave
4. Microwave

Network interface card:


Hardware that plugs into the motherboard and directly access the network

Devices:
1. End devices: source of application, workstation, PC, service, printers.
2. Network devices: interconnected different computers together: hub, switch, bridge,
router, NIC and modems

Network access components:


1. NIC: connect a computer device to a network
2. Hub: broadcasting data to all connected device
3. Switch: connect devices with LAN
4. Router: connect different network

Classification of network:
Area:
1. Local Area Networks “LAN”: group of computers connected in small geographical area.
• Allow users to share files and services.
2. Metropolitan Area Networks “MAN”: connects an area larger than a LAN but smaller than a
WAN, such as a city.
3. Wide Area Networks “WAN”: group of computers connected in Large geographical area such as
country.
• often connects two LANs (WAN Link).

Sharing of information/ Network Model:


1. Peer too Peer Networks (P2P):
All computers are considered equal
each device has same ability to use network resource.
No central server is required
Ex: Windows Workgroup.
2. Client / Server Networks (C/S):
Some devices (server) provide service to other devices (client)
Ex: Mail Server, Web Server, FTP Server, DNS Server.

Client / Server model:

Interchange method
1. Circuit switch
Fix path is set up between two devices before sending the data
The whole connects reversed, even if no data is being sent
Ensure a continuous and stable connection like a phone call
ex: all telephone systems
2. Packet switching:
Data is broken into small packets before being sent
Each packet can take a different route to reach the destination
More efficient become multiple connection can share the same network
Ex: The Internet
Topology:
Bus Topology:

All devices are connected to a single main cable

• Advantage:

Easy to set up and install

Low cost compared to other topologies

• Disadvantage:

Is the main cable fail the whole network stop working

Performance decreases as more devices are added to data Collisions

Star Topology:

All devices are connected a central device hub or switch

• Advantage:

If one device stopped working, the rest of the network still work

Easy to set up and fix problem

Fast and stable

• Disadvantage:

If the central device breaks the whole network stopped working

More expensive because it needs extra cable and the central device

Ring Topology:

Each device is connected to two other devices making a loop

• Advantage:

Data moves in One Direction so no collision

Don’t need a central device

• Disadvantage:

If one device stopped working the whole network stop

Hard to expand and fix


Mesh Topology:

Each device is connected to many other devices

• Advantage:

Very strong network, fail connected fail data can go on other way

Very safe and fast

• Disadvantage:

Very expensive because it needs a lot of cables

Hard to set up and manage

Hybrid Topology:

Mix of two or more types

Used when one apology along isn’t enough for the network needs

• Advantage:

Flexible can grow easily

Reliable if one part fails the rest still work

efficient can be designed to fit different needs

• Disadvantage:

Complex hard to set up and manage

Expensive need more cables and devices

Encapsulation/OSI model:
is the process of adding protocol-specific control information (headers and sometimes trailers)
to data as it moves down the layers of the OSI model.

Each layer adds its own header to help in the delivery, management, and interpretation of the
data.

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