COMPUTER BASIC’s

Computer is an electronic device that is designed to work with Information. The term computer is derived
from the Latin term ‘computare’, this means to calculate or programmable machine. Computer can not do anything
without a Program. It represents the decimal numbers through a string of binary digits. The Word ‘Computer’ usually
refers to the Center Processor Unit plus Internal memory.
Charles Babbage is called the “Grand Father” of the computer. The First mechanical computer designed by Charles
Babbage was called Analytical Engine. It uses read-only memory in the form of punch cards.
The computer is an electronic device that takes input from the user and processes these data under the control of a set
of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves future use. It can process both numerical and
non-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.

The basic parts of a computer are as follows −

 Input Unit − Devices like keyboard and mouse that are used to input data and instructions to the computer are
called input unit. Eg; Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, Touch Screen, Joystick, Webcam, MICR,
OMR, Light pen, Kimball tag reader, Bar code Reader, OCR, Speech Recognition System etc.
 Output Unit − Devices like printer and visual display unit that are used to provide information to the user in
desired format are called output unit. Eg; Monitor, Printer, Speaker, Plotter, Screen Image Projector etc.
 Control Unit − As the name suggests, this unit controls all the functions of the computer. All devices or parts
of computer interact through the control unit.
 Arithmetic Logic Unit − This is the brain of the computer where all arithmetic operations and logical
operations take place.
 Memory − All input data, instructions and data interim to the processes are stored in the memory. Memory is
of two types – primary memory and secondary memory. Primary memory resides within the CPU whereas
secondary memory is external to it.

 RAM & ROM ARE PRIMARY/ MAIN/SEMI CONDUUCTOR/INTERNAL

MEMORY
RAM ROM
Random Access Memory/ Volatile Memory Read Only Memory/ Non Volatile
Memory

Examples: It is used as Firmware by

Examples: It is used as CPU Cache, Primary Memory in a computer.
micro-controllers.

The stored data is not as easy to

The stored data is easy to access.
access as it is in RAM.

It is cheaper than RAM.

It is costlier than ROM.

*** Secondary or Auxiliary Memory: Hard disk, Floopy Disk,Magnetic

Tape, CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read only Memory), CD-R/W (Compact
Disc Read/Write, DVD, Pendrive and Flash memory.
 What is logic gate and its types?
Logic gates are used in microcontrollers, microprocessors, electronic and electrical project circuits,
and embedded system applications.
The basic logic gates are categorized into seven types as AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, XNOR,
and NOT. These are the important digital devices, mainly based on the Boolean function.

What are the most common operating systems?

 Microsoft Windows. Microsoft Windows first launched in 1993. ...
 Mac OS. Despite being known as the main Windows alternative, macOS predates Windows. ...
 Android OS. Android is a mobile operating system based on Linux and other open-source software. ...
 Linux. ...
 Ubuntu. ...
 Chrome OS. .
 Fedora.

***Impact Printer: Dot- matrix Printer & Daisy Wheel Printer

***Non Imapact Printer : Ink Jet Printer, Laser Printer & Thermal Printer.

# Each 1 or 0 in a binary number is called a bit.

# A group of 4 bits is called a nibble.

# 8 Bits is equal to 1 byte

# 1024 bytes is equal to 1Kb (Kilo bytes)

# 1024 KB is equal to 1 Mb (Megabytes)

# 1000 MB is equal to 1 Gb (Giga bytes) Sequence Kb>Mb>Gb>Tb>PT.
# 1000 Gb is equal to 1 Tb (Tera bytes)
# 1000 Tera bytes 1 PT (Petabytes)
 Father/ Inventor of Computer
Father Of Modern Computer Alan Turing

Inventors of Computer Chip (IC) Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce

BIOS Gary Kildall

Inventor of Computer Bug Dr. Grace Murray Hopper

Father of Computer Hard Disk Reynold Johnson

Founder of Apple Computers Steve Jobs

Founder of Artificial Intelligence John McCarthy

Father of ‘C’ Language Dennis Ritchie

Father of ‘C++’language Bjarne Stroustrup

Founder of Bluetooth Ericsson

Founder of Internet Vint Cerf

Father of ‘Java’ James Gosling

Founder of Keyboard Christoper Latham Sholes

Founder of Mobile Phones Martin Cooper

Founder of Email Shiva Ayyadurai

Founder of WWW Tim Berners-Lee

Founder of Yahoo Jurry Yang and David Filo

Founder of Linux Linus Torvalds

Founder of Microsoft Bill Gates and Paul Allen

Founder of Google Larry Page and Sergey Brin

Founder of USB Ajay V.Bhatt

Founder of Php Rasmus Lerdorf

Founder of Mouse Douglas Engelbart

Founder of Email Shiva Ayyadurai

Founders of Oracle Ed Oates, Larry Ellison, Bob Miner

Inventor of Computer Speakers Abinawan Puracchidas

Father of Pen drive Pua Khein- Seng

 IMPORTANT SHORT CUT KEY

Alt+F Displays the File menu options

Alt+E Opens the Edit options

Alt+Tab Switch between open programs

F1 Used by every Windows program for Help

F2 To Rename a selected file

F5 Refresh the page or current window

F7 To Check Spellings

Ctrl+D To Bookmarks the current page (for most Browsers)

Ctrl+N Create a new or blank document or open a new tab in the Internet
Browser
Ctrl+O To Open a file

Ctrl+A Select the entire text at once

Ctrl+B Change the text to Bold

Ctrl+I Change the Text to Italics

Ctrl+U Underline the selected text

Ctrl+S Save the file or document you are working on

Ctrl+X Cut selected part of the text or image

Ctrl + C Copy

Ctrl + V Paste

Ctrl + X Cut

Alt + Tab Switch between open apps

Open Task View Windows logo key + Tab

Open the Quick Link menu Windows logo key + X

Maximize Window F11 or Windows logo key + Up arrow

 IMPORTANT LIST OF COMPUTER ABBREVIATIONS

AI Artificial Intelligence
ALGOL Algorithmic Language
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
BASIC Beginner’s All- purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
BCC Blind Carbon Copy
BINAC Binary Automatic Computer
BIOS Basic Input Output System
CAD Computer Aid Design
CDROM Compact Disc Read Only Memory
COBOL Common Business Oriented Language
CPU Central Processing Unit
DBMS Database Management System
DNS Domain Name System
DVD Digital Versatile Disk
e-Commerce Electronic Commerce
EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EXE Executable
FAX Far Away Xerox
FORTRAN Formula Translation
FTP File Transfer Protocols
GIF Graphics Interchange Format
VLSI Very Large Scale Integration
GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HTML Hyper Text Markup Language
ISP Internet Service Provider
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
KB Kilobyte
LED Light Emitting Diode
LCD Liquid Crystal display
MMS Multimedia Message Service
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
MIPS Million Instructions Per Second
MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognition/Read
PDF Portable Document Format
PPP Point to Point Protocols
PING Packet Internet Gopher
RDBMS Relational Data Base Management System
RIP Routing Information Protocol
SQL Structured Query Language
SRAM Static Random Access Memory
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SIM Subscriber Identification Module
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol
TFT Thin- Film Transistor
TCP/ IP Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
URL Uniform Resource Locator
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
USB Universal Serial Bus
VDU Visual Display Unit
VGA Video Graphics Array
WWW World Wide Web
WIMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WiFi Wireless Fidelity
WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WORM Write Once Read Many
ZB Zettabyte
VIRUS Vital Information Resource Under Seige
OCR Optical Character Recognition
OMR Optical Mark Reader

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