Requirements of Graduation Project report

Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology

2020

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 1. Title (Cover) Page: This is the first page of the report (not to be numbered). This page
provides information to define University, College, Department, and Project title, Student
and Supervisor Names and Date.
In addition, the cover page should contain the following statement:

Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for Bachelor degree in (Name of

Specialization).

2. Dedication (optional).

3. Acknowledgment: A student can acknowledge those who contributed towards the

accomplishment of his/her project work. If you have been supported by a company or a
scholarship then this should also be gratefully acknowledged.

4. Disclaimer statement: (refer to appendix A)

5. Table of Contents (TOC): In this table, the report contents with respective page
numbers have to be listed. Make sure that each division down to subsections is included
with the right page numbers. Also, make sure that the body of your report is organized
exactly as it appears in the TOC.

6. List of Figures (LOF): In this section, all figures in the report are to be listed together
with respective page numbers. Make sure that the figures appear in the body of the report
exactly as they are listed in the LOF.

7. List of Tables (LOT): In this section, all tables in the report are to be listed together with
respective page numbers. Make sure that the tables appear in the body of the report
exactly as they are listed in the LOT.

8. Nomenclature or list of symbols (optional): In this section, all symbols used in

equations in the text or axis of plots have to be properly defined including the units. The
order should be as follows:

a. Roman letters (a, A, b, B …, y, Y, z, Z) sorted alphabetically with lower case

letters preceding upper case letters.
b. Greek letters (, , …, , ) sorted alphabetically with lower case letters
preceding upper case letters.
c. Subscripts used throughout and sorted alphabetically.
d. Superscripts used throughout and sorted alphabetically.
e. List of abbreviations: list the abbreviation used in the document with their
definition to the right.

9. Abstract should contain a short description of the report (not more than one page).
When you write the abstract, imagine that the reader will not read anything else, but you

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 must get your major point across immediately. Basically, this section tells a short story
about your work, and very concisely answers the three questions:

1. What was done?

2. How was it done?
3. What were the results?

This section should probably be the last section written, and will summarize all of the work done.
If possible, present some percentage errors in experimental results in comparison with theoretical
values.

Do not cite references, tables, figures, or sections of the report in the abstract. Use abbreviations
and acronyms only when it is necessary to prevent awkward construction or needless repetition.
Define abbreviations at first use in the abstract (and again at first use in the text).

You may want to assess the abstract by asking the following questions:

 Is it condensed and brief?

 If you separate the abstract from the report, will it be useful in providing the most
important results, conclusions and recommendation of the report?
 Did you avoid using undefined symbols?
 Did you use passive voice throughout?

MAIN BODY

The front matter is organizational in nature; the actual report begins with the introduction. The
body of the report is to be numbered as1, 2, 3 etc. The following items should be included in the
main body of the report:

Chapter 1: Introduction

Usually, the introduction includes the following sections without resort to their order:
1. General background

2. Objectives (Purpose or Aims) of the work. Why is the work done, what do you hope to
achieve and what is the propose(s) for carrying out this work?

3. Significance or importance of your work. Here you have to convince the reader that the
work is worth their attention and is important preferably using market demands and
projections for the chemical to be produced.

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 4. Organization of the report. Briefly state how the report is divided and organized.

Chapter 2: Theoretical Background and Previous Work

This part serves two purposes:
 To be aware of the previous work that addressed the topic you are reporting.
 Gives the reader a sufficient background regarding the topic(s) discussed.

Chapter 3: Methodology

In research reports, this section can also be called “Experimental Methods”, “Experimental
Section”, or “Materials and Methods”. For experimental work, give sufficient detail about your
materials and methods so that other experienced workers can repeat your work and obtain
comparable results. When using a standard method, cite the appropriate literature and give the
details of theories that were applied.

Describe apparatus only if it is not standard or not commercially available. Describe the
procedures used, unless they are established and standard. Note and emphasize any hazards,
include precautionary handling procedures, and any other safety considerations in adequate detail
so that workers repeating the experiments can take appropriate safety measures.

Methodology chapter should include the following subsections:

Standards and Specifications (Codes):

The student should clarify which engineering standards were applied to this design project and
how the design project is expected to satisfy these standards. Include the necessary standards and
design alternatives and indicate their possible relevance to your project. As an example, if you
are using IEEE 802.11 standard in your design you are expected to go through that standard and
include in your Interim Report how you will utilize this standard in your design.

Constraints:
The design constraints should be identified and some discussion on their realization are to be
included in this chapter. You may refer to the list of some realistic design constraints as in the
following lists:
 Economy (such as budget limitations, cost of similar or related products, maintenance
cost).
 Environment (such as power consumption, electromagnetic radiation issues, environment
friendly power sources, noise pollution).
 Society (such as assisted living for the disabled and elderly, information security,
privacy, social networking and communication).
 Politics (such as designs that promote gender and race equality, products that help
national security, designs that help solve common international and national problems.
 Ethics (such as designs that do not violate safety and health issues, designs that respect
patents and intellectual rights, privacy issues, honesty, truthfulness).
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  Health and Safety (such as public safety, safety of the consumers of the product, safety of
workers).
 Manufacturability (such as designs that suit to current manufacturing technology and
designs that can be physically implemented).
 Sustainability (such as reliability and durability of the design, designs that support future
upgrades, designs that are resilient to a range of environmental conditions).

Chapter 4: Results and Analysis

Summarize the data collected and their statistical treatment. Include only relevant data, but give
sufficient detail to justify your conclusions.

This section is most effective if written in the past tense. "The data was taken ..."; "the curve was
generated..." However, it is appropriate to say such things as 'the data is well represented by a
second order polynomial' since this is a fact that extends into present. Additionally, estimate the
error in measuring whatever your objective was to measure.

Tables and figures tend to be the most effective ways to present data. It is extremely useful to
include figures in the text at the point where they are being discussed. When graphs or tables
will present the ideas clearly, use them, but also include a concise discussion of the graphs and
tables focusing the reader's attention on the salient features of data. Do not simply recite numbers
or parameters, which should be obvious upon simple inspection of the figures. Moreover, never
forget to indicate units.

Chapter 5: Discussion

The purpose of the discussion is to interpret and compare the results. Be objective; point out the
features and limitations of the work. Relate your results to current knowledge in the field and to
your original purpose in undertaking the project:

 Have you resolved the problem?

 What exactly have you contributed?
 Briefly state the logical implications of your results.
 Suggest further study or applications if warranted.

Present your results and discussion either as two separate sections or as one combined section if
it is more logical to do so.

Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendation

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The object of the conclusion section is:

 To gather all of the important results and interpretations in clear summary form. This can
be viewed as the evidence.
 Recommend cost-effective feasible ways to improve the performance of the work.
 State what you learned (the actual conclusions that you a drawing).
 State future work and directions, and then list any open problems.
 Do not repeat discussion points or include irrelevant material.

Remember that, there will be many readers who focus only on the conclusion and abstract
sections, so it is important that they be well written.

References (Refer to Appendix B: guideline)

 The list of references should be alphabetized by authors' last names without any
numbering. This is very helpful when additional references are added at any stage of the
work. if you have more than one work by the same author, order them by publication
date, oldest to newest. if no author is given for a particular source, alphabetize using the
title of the work; numeric style (Vancouver) can be used as well. The references should
be written according to the American Psychological Association (APA) format.

 Citing References: Tools such Microsoft Word Endnote and Mendeley can be helpful
for generating the list of references and citations within your document.
Appendices
A report should be a complete, concise, self-contained document without appendices. These
sections contain information not appropriate to any other section. For example, raw data,
Analysis of Data, detailed derivations, rest of the calculations etc. may be included in the
appendices. For example, you might include a sketch of an improved way to complete the
experiment, or to present the data. All appendices and graphs should be attached at the end of the
report.

Attachment A:

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Proposed Disclaimer Statement Format

The report is a document written by the student(s) and should reflect expertise in different
aspects of research methodology and technical writing skills. The supervisor's job is to guide the
student so that she/he can achieve the objectives in an efficient way while gaining the skills
sought. While maintaining credit the disclaimer statement is simply a statement protecting the
Department and the University from any legal liability claims associated with the use of the
results and the methods presented. Its format is as follows:

DISCLAIMER

This report was written by student(s) at the ( ) Engineering Department, Faculty of

Engineering, An-Najah National University. It has not been altered or corrected, other than
editorial corrections, as a result of assessment and it may contain language as well as content
errors. The views expressed in it together with any outcomes and recommendations are solely
those of the student(s). An-Najah National University accepts no responsibility or liability for the
consequences of this report being used for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was
commissioned.

Appendix B
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Cite Resources: American Psychological Association (APA)

Basic Rules

 Author's names are inverted. Begin with last name, followed by a comma, then by
middle and first initials. Example: Smith, M. F. Use "&" instead of "and" when listing
multiple authors. Example: Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R.

 Date: The publication date should be enclosed in parentheses. Example: (1998)

 Title: Italicize titles of books and periodicals. Capitalize only the first word of a title and
subtitle of a work. Example: Curing the crisis: Options for America's health care.

 Location: You should always list the city, but you should also include the state
abbreviation if the city is not well known for publishing. You can omit state for the
following cities: Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, and
San Francisco. Place a colon (:) after location. Example: Springfield, MA:

 Publisher (for books): Use the full name of the publisher, but drop Co., Inc., Publishers,
etc. Retain Books or Press. Example: Merriam-Webster.

BOOKS - General Format

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Book title. Edition. Location: Publisher. Page number (s) if
appropriate.

One Author

Reference: Kmoisar, L. (1991). The new feminism. New York: Franklin Watts.
In-text: (Komisar, 1991, p. 201)

Two Authors

Reference: Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E.B. (1979). The elements of style (3rd ed.). New
York: Macmillan.

In-text: (Strunk & White, 1979, p.43)

Three to Six Authors

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Reference: Pratkanis, A. R., Brecker, S. J., & Greenwald, A. G. (1989). Attitude
structure and function. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

In-text: (Pratkanis et al., 1989, p.50)

PERIODICALS - General Format

Author, A. A. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of periodical, volume number, pages.

 Date of publication: Include year of publication, add month and day of publication for
daily, weekly, or monthly publications. Enclose in parentheses.

 Title of article: Do not italicize the title of article or place quotation marks around it.

 Title of periodical: Include the full periodical title, using upper and lowercase letters.
Italicize the name of the periodical and the volume number, if any.

 Volume number: Give the volume number of journals, magazines, and newsletters. Do
not use "Vol." before the number.

 Pages:
1. Give the page numbers for the whole article rather than the first page. Example:
204-232.
2. For journal and magazine articles, just include the page numbers with no
abbreviation or label. Example: 28-31.
3. Only use the abbreviations before page numbers from newspapers. Use "p." for
one page (Example: p. A1) and "pp." for more than one page (Example: pp. A1,
A6).

ARTICLES

Journal Article - General Format

Author, date of publication, article title, journal title, volume and issue numbers, page
number(s);

Reference: Atkinson, R.C., & Shiffrin, R.M. (1971). The control of short-term memory.
Scientific American, 225, 82-90.

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In-text: (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1971, p.87)

Magazine Article

Reference: Kandel, E.R. (2000, November 10). Neuroscience: Breaking down

scientific barriers to the study of brain and mind. Science, 290, 1113-1120.

In-text: (Kandel, 2000, p. 1119)

Encyclopedia Article

Reference: Warren, S.A. (1977). Mental retardation and environment. In

International encyclopedia of psychiatry, psychology, psychoanalysis,
and neurology (Vol. 7, pp. 202-207). New York: Aesculapius Publishers.

In-text: (Warren, 1977, p. 204)

Newspaper Article - General Format

Author (s), date of publication; article title, name of newspaper, section title and page
number(s).

Reference: Amazing Amazon region. (1989, January 12). New York Times, pp. D11,
D14.

In-text: ("Amazing Amazon Region," 1989, p. D11)

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

Electronic Article (From Database)

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Reference: Jacobson, J.W., Mulick, J.A., & Schwartz, A.A. (1995). A history of
facilitated communication: Science, pseudoscience, and antiscience.
American Psychologist, 50, 750-765. Retrieved from PsychINFO database.

In-text: (Jacobson et al., 1995, p. 755)

Web Site- General Format

Author (s), date when the site was accessed, article and publication title as well as a URL

Reference: Thaller, M. (2007). Cool cosmos. Retrieved August 27, 2007 from
http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/.

In-text: (Thaller, 2007)

Document with Author

Murray, J. P. Children and television violence. (1995). Retrieved July 19, 2001, from
http://www.ksu.edu/humec/kulaw.htm

Document with No Author, No Date

GVU's 8th WWW user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved August 8, 2000, from

http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/user_surveys/survey-1997-10/
 Begin with the title of the document if there is no author
 n.d. = no date

Personal communications (e-mail, personal interviews, and telephone conversations, etc.)

Source: email message from John Smith
Citation: (J. Smith, personal communication, May 16, 1998)

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  Personal communication is not available to your readers. Cite it in text only. Do not
include it in the reference list. Give the initials as well as the surname of the
communicator, and provide as exact date as possible.

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