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Modeling and Physiological Systems FEM

The document provides an overview of the Finite Element Method (FEM), a numerical technique used for solving mathematical models by discretizing engineering systems into smaller components called elements. It outlines the basic components of Finite Element Analysis (FEA), the problem-solving procedure, historical development, and various applications across fields such as structural, thermal, and biomedical engineering. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of proper theory and formulation for achieving accurate solutions.

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10 views16 pages

Modeling and Physiological Systems FEM

The document provides an overview of the Finite Element Method (FEM), a numerical technique used for solving mathematical models by discretizing engineering systems into smaller components called elements. It outlines the basic components of Finite Element Analysis (FEA), the problem-solving procedure, historical development, and various applications across fields such as structural, thermal, and biomedical engineering. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of proper theory and formulation for achieving accurate solutions.

Uploaded by

boss2024f1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modeling and physiological systems

FEM
copyright by

Dr. Zeinab Adam Mustafa, PhD, M. Sc


Biomedical Engineering Department
Sudan University of Sciences & Technology

Email: [email protected]

1
Finite element method
Finite element method (FEM) is a numerical
procedure for solving mathematical models
numerically.
• FEM uses discretization (nodes and elements)
to model the engineering system, i.e., subdivide
the problem system into small components or
pieces called elements and the elements are
comprised of nodes.Approximations are
introduced over each element to represent the
behavior of the unknown variables

2
Finite element method

• Different types of elements are available.


• Accuracy of the finite element
approximation is improved by using more
elements to approximate the engineering
system and/or elements that involve more
nodes to define the unknown function(s)
variation over the element, e.g.,
.
3
Basic Components of FEA

1) Definition of the geometric form of the


elements.
2) Representation of the assumed modes of
behavior; generally polynomial interpolation.
3) Construction of the algebraic equations
that correspond to the governing equations
of the problem

4
Summary – con’t

6. Solve simultaneous linear algebraic


equations to determine nodal degrees of
freedom (dof) – displacements for stress
analysis and temperature for heat transfer.
7. (a) In stress analysis, calculate element
strains for the nodal dof and the element
displacement interpolation field so that the
element stresses can be calculated from the
element strains.
Hospital Information Systems 5
Introduction
Problem solving procedure:
• Identify problem
• Generate models
• Solve equations
• Interpret results

Numerical methods
- methods that seek quantitative approximations
to the solutions of mathematical problems
- finite element method, boundary element method
finite difference method, finite volume method, etc.
What is the Finite Element
Method– An Example
Example 1: Deformation of a bar with a non-uniform circular cross section subject
a force P. (Weight of the bar is negligible).

P
R − k1 ( u2 − u1 ) = 0  k1 −k1 0 0 0 0   u1   − R 
 −k k + k 0  u2   0 
k1 ( u2 − u1 ) − k2 ( u3 − u2 ) = 0  1 1 2
−k2 0 0
   
k2 ( u3 − u2 ) − k3 ( u4 − u3 ) = 0  0 − k2 k 2 + k3 − k3 0 0   u3   0 
   =   K u = P − R
 0 0 − k3 k3 + k 4 −k4 0  u4   0 
k3 ( u4 − u3 ) − k4 ( u5 − u4 ) = 0
 0 0 0 − k4 k 4 + k5 −k5   u5   0 
k4 ( u5 − u4 ) − P = 0     
 0 0 0 0 − k5 k5  u6   P 
What is a Finite Element Method
• View the problem domain as a collection of subdomains (elements)

• Solve the problem at each subdomain

• Assemble elements to find the global solution

• Solution is guaranteed to converge to the correct solution if proper


theory, element formulation and solution procedure are followed.
History of Finite Element Methods
• 1941 – Hrenikoff proposed framework method
• 1943 – Courant used principle of stationary potential energy
and piecewise function approximation
• 1953 – Stiffness equations were written and solved using digital
computers.
• 1960 – Clough made up the name “finite element method”
• 1970s – FEA carried on “mainframe” computers
• 1980s – FEM code run on PCs
• 2000s – Parallel implementation of FEM (large-scale analysis,
virtual design)

Courant Clough
Applications of Finite Element
Methods
➢ Structural & Stress Analysis
➢ Thermal Analysis
➢ Dynamic Analysis
➢ Acoustic Analysis
➢ Electro-Magnetic Analysis
➢ Manufacturing Processes
➢ Fluid Dynamics
➢ Financial Analysis
Applications: Aerospace
Engineering (AE)

11
Applications: Civil Engineering
(CE)
High rise builing design with topology optimixzation

12
Applications: Electrical
Engineering (EE)

13
Applications: Biomedical
Engineering (BE) sturnus

14
The Future – Virtual
Engineering

15
Review of Basic Statics and Mechanics of
Materials
• Static equilibrium conditions/free-body diagram
• Stress, strain and deformation
• Constitutive law – Hooke’s law
• Analysis of axially loaded bar, truss, beam and frame
• 2-D elasticity
Review of Matrix Algebra

• Matrix operation: addition, subtraction, multiplication


• Basic definitions and properties of matrix
• Inverse of matrix and solution of linear equations
• etc

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