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Probability

The document provides various probability problems and their solutions, including scenarios involving coin tosses, card draws, and dice rolls. Key calculations include the probability of obtaining at least one head in three coin tosses, the likelihood of drawing a numbered card from a deck, and the probability of achieving specific sums with dice. The document also covers more complex situations such as multiple draws from a card deck and the arrangement of people around a table.

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8 views4 pages

Probability

The document provides various probability problems and their solutions, including scenarios involving coin tosses, card draws, and dice rolls. Key calculations include the probability of obtaining at least one head in three coin tosses, the likelihood of drawing a numbered card from a deck, and the probability of achieving specific sums with dice. The document also covers more complex situations such as multiple draws from a card deck and the arrangement of people around a table.

Uploaded by

lodefa1604
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. A coin is thrown 3 times. What is the probability that at least one head is obtained?

Sol: Sample space = [HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HTT, TTT]

Total number of ways = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8. Fav. Cases = 7

P (A) = 7/8

OR

P (of getting at least one head) = 1 – P (no head) ⇒ 1 – (1/8) = 7/8

2. Find the probability of getting a numbered card when a card is drawn from the pack of 52
cards.

Sol: Total Cards = 52. Numbered Cards = (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

9 from each suit 4 × 9 = 36

P (E) = 36/52 = 9/13

3. There are 5 green 7 red balls. Two balls are selected one by one without replacement. Find the
probability that first is green and second is red.

Sol: P (G) × P (R) = (5/12) x (7/11) = 35/132

4. What is the probability of getting a sum of 7 when two dice are thrown?

Sol: Total number of ways = 6 × 6 = 36 ways.

Favorable cases = (1, 6) (6, 1) (2, 5) (5, 2) (3, 4) (4, 3) --- 6 ways.

P (A) = 6/36 = 1/6

5. 1 card is drawn at random from the pack of 52 cards.

(i) Find the Probability that it is an honor card.

(ii) It is a face card.

Sol: (i) honor cards = (A, J, Q, K) 4 cards from each suits = 4 × 4 = 16


P (honor card) = 16/52 = 4/13

(ii) face cards = (J,Q,K) 3 cards from each suit = 3 × 4 = 12 Cards.

P (face Card) = 12/52 = 3/13

Example 6: Two cards are drawn from the pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that both are
diamonds or both are kings.

Sol: Total no. of ways = 52C2

Case I: Both are diamonds = 13C2

Case II: Both are kings = 4C2

P (both are diamonds or both are kings) = (13C2 + 4C2 ) / 52C2

Example 7: Three dice are rolled together. What is the probability as getting at least one '4'?

Sol: Total number of ways = 6 × 6 × 6 = 216.

Probability of getting number ‘4’ at least one time = 1 – (Probability of getting no number 4)

= 1 – (5/6) x (5/6) x (5/6) = 91/216

8: A problem is given to three persons P, Q, R whose respective chances of solving it are 2/7,
4/7, 4/9 respectively. What is the probability that the problem is solved?

Sol: Probability of the problem getting solved = 1 – (Probability of none of them solving the
problem)

Probability of problem getting solved = 1 – (5/7) x (3/7) x (5/9) = (122/147)

Example 9: Find the probability of getting two heads when five coins are tossed.

Sol: Number of ways of getting two heads = 5C2 = 10. Total Number of ways = 25 = 32

P (two heads) = 10/32 = 5/16

Example 10: What is the probability of getting a sum of 22 or more when four dice are thrown?
Sol: Total number of ways = 64 = 1296. Number of ways of getting a sum 22 are 6,6,6,4 = 4! / 3!
=4

6,6,5,5 = 4! / 2!2! = 6. Number of ways of getting a sum 23 is 6,6,6,5 = 4! / 3! = 4.

Number of ways of getting a sum 24 is 6,6,6,6 = 1.

Fav. Number of cases = 4 + 6 + 4 + 1 = 15 ways. P (getting a sum of 22 or more) = 15/1296 =


5/432

Example 11: Two dice are thrown together. What is the probability that the number obtained on
one of the dice is multiple of number obtained on the other dice?

Sol:Total number of cases = 62 = 36

Since the number on a die should be multiple of the other, the possibilities are

(1, 1) (2, 2) (3, 3) ------ (6, 6) --- 6 ways

(2, 1) (1, 2) (1, 4) (4, 1) (1, 3) (3, 1) (1, 5) (5, 1) (6, 1) (1, 6) --- 10 ways

(2, 4) (4, 2) (2, 6) (6, 2) (3, 6) (6, 3) -- 6 ways

Favorable cases are = 6 + 10 + 6 = 22. So, P (A) = 22/36 = 11/18

Example 12: From a pack of cards, three cards are drawn at random. Find the probability that
each card is from different suit.

Sol: Total number of cases = 52C3

One card each should be selected from a different suit. The three suits can be chosen in 4C3 was

The cards can be selected in a total of (4C3) x (13C1) x (13C1) x (13C1)

Probability = 4C3 x (13C1)3 / 52C3

= 4 x (13)3 / 52C3

Example 13: Find the probability that a leap year has 52 Sundays.

Sol: A leap year can have 52 Sundays or 53 Sundays. In a leap year, there are 366 days out of
which there are 52 complete weeks & remaining 2 days. Now, these two days can be (Sat, Sun)
(Sun, Mon) (Mon, Tue) (Tue, Wed) (Wed, Thur) (Thur, Friday) (Friday, Sat).

So there are total 7 cases out of which (Sat, Sun) (Sun, Mon) are two favorable cases. So, P (53
Sundays) = 2 / 7

Now, P(52 Sundays) + P(53 Sundays) = 1


So, P (52 Sundays) = 1 - P(53 Sundays) = 1 – (2/7) = (5/7)

Example 14: Fifteen people sit around a circular table. What are odds against two particular
people sitting together?

Sol: 15 persons can be seated in 14! Ways. No. of ways in which two particular people sit
together is 13! × 2!

The probability of two particular persons sitting together 13!2! / 14! = 1/7

Odds against the event = 6 : 1

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