Introduction to Object Oriented Programming Lesson 1
Introduction to Object Oriented Programming Lesson 1
Object means a real-world entity such as a mobile, book, table, computer, watch, etc. Object-
Oriented Programming is a methodology or paradigm to design a program using classes and
objects. It simplifies software development and maintenance by providing some concepts.
In this tutorial, we will learn about the concepts of Java (OOPs) object-oriented programming
systems.
Object
Class
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Abstraction
Encapsulation
1. Object
In object-oriented programming, an object is an entity that has two characteristics (states and
behavior). Some of the real-world objects are book, mobile, table, computer, etc. An object is
a variable of the type class, it is a basic component of an object-oriented programming system. A
class has the methods and data members (attributes), these methods and data members are
accessed through an object. Thus, an object is an instance of a class.
2. Class
In object-oriented programming, a class is a blueprint from which individual objects are created
(or, we can say a class is a data type of an object type). In Java, everything is related to classes
and objects. Each class has its methods and attributes that can be accessed and manipulated
through the objects.
3. Inheritance
4. Polymorphism
The method overloading is performed in the same class where we have multiple methods with
the same name but different parameters, whereas, the method overriding is performed by using
the inheritance where we can have multiple methods with the same name in parent and child
classes.
5. Abstraction
The real-world example of an abstraction is a Car, the internal details such as the engine, process
of starting a car, process of shifting gears, etc. are hidden from the user, and features such as the
start button, gears, display, break, etc are given to the user. When we perform any action on these
features, the internal process works.
6. Encapsulation