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Linear Equation System Study on Electrical Circuits Using Matlab

Ulul ilmi *)
Electrical Engineering , Universitas Islam Lamongan
email : [email protected]

ABSTRACT
In everyday life, especially in the electrical circuit, there are many usage of matrix. One use of a
matrix is found in the system of linear equations. In the field of electrical circuits there are also
problems involving systems of linear equations in matrix form. To solve the system of linear
equations in matrix form, in addition to using elementary row operations, also used matlab.

Keywords: Kirchoff law, matlab.

INTRODUCTION MATLAB has many tools that can help various

In the field of scientific engineering, known disciplines. This is one of the causes of industry
to many branches of science such as civil using MATLAB. In addition MATLAB has many
engineering sciences, electrical engineering and libraries that are helpful for solving mathematical
information engineering sciences. In the science of problems such as simulating functions,
electrical engineering, there are various problems mathematical modeling and GUI design.
such as science of electric field phenomena, MATLAB is used by students, technicians,
telecommunications engineering science and researchers at the University, Research Institutions
electrical circuitry. In the science of electrical and Industries to perform mathematical
circuits, also known kirchoff laws. There are two computations in a variety of purposes. MATLAB
kirchoff laws: first kirchoff law and second is typically used for research, systems development
kirchoff law. Using both kirchoff laws, a linear and system design. Unlike other programming
equation system can be established. languages, MATLAB is a closed programming
If in an electrical circuit, there is one loop, language. To be able to compile you must use
then only one linear equation system will be software from MathWorks itself.
formed. Where there are more than one loop, more
than one system of linear equations can be formed, Here are some examples of MATLAB applications
according to the number of loops available. If there in various disciplines
are many linear equations, it would be easy to 1. Math
construct a system of linear equations. As a science known as "The Mother of Science"
To solve the system of linear equations, it is certainly, MATLAB can help solve various
can be used several ways such as substitution problems of mathematics both from ordinary
method, elimination method. Both of these calculations, function simulations and
methods are suitable for solving systems of linear mathematical modeling.
equations that have only two variables. If the 2. Statistics
system of linear equations has more than two Statistics is a branch of mathematics that
variables, then the solution of this system of linear studies how to plan, collect, analyze, interpret,
equations, using elementary row operation and present data. MATLAB also provides
methods and also using matlab. various statistical tools such as time series,
MATLAB is short for MATrix LABoratory neural network etc. to help solve statistical
because every data in MATLAB uses basic matrix. problems.
MATLAB is a high, closed, and case sensitive
programming language in numerical computing 3. Financial
environments developed by MathWorks. One of its Financial problems can be solved with
most popular advantages is the ability to create MATLAB such as inflation, interest rates and
graphics with the best customization support.

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other complex issues. Many tools such as value as the element in the row index of
financial time series. column i. (aij = aji).
4. Engineering and Computing
MATLAB can assist in designing a system TERMS ON MATRIX
design and analysis of an algorithm. There are 1. Transpose Matrix
various tools such as fuzzy logic designer, The transpose matrix is denoted by At. Trasposing
control system tuner, control system designer, a matrix A can be done by converting the row in
linear system analyzer, neuro fuzzy designer, the matrix A into the column of the At matrix
and system identification. 2.Determinate Matrices
5. Biology The determinant of the matrix is a scalar function
The development of the world is more with the square matrix domain. Determinants in the
advanced, two sciences with different bases matrix are used in analyzing a matrix such as
between biology and technology can now be checking for the absence of an inverse matrix,
put together. MATLAB allows for the analysis determining system solutions of linear equations,
of organ systems, tissues, even human DNA, vector base checks and others. The determinant of
and the design of artificial organs. Many tools a matrix is represented by replacing the square
can be used such as molecul viewer, brackets in the matrix into a downward vertical
Symbiology line.
6. Communication and Networking 3. Inverse Matrix
The world's major industries use MATLAB in If there is a square matrix A and B and of the same
the analysis of communication and network order, and I is the identity matrix. If there is an
systems development. Many MATLAB tools equation A. B = I, then it can be said that B is the
for this discipline such as Bit Error Rate inverse of A, and A is the inverse of B. Invers is
Analysis, signal analysis and others. denoted by a negative one. In this case
A-1 = B, and B-1 = A.
TYPES OF MATRICES
There are various types of matrices that are
adjusted to the order and position of the elements. OPERATION ON MATRICES
The types of matrices are: In the matrix there are also operations. Operations
1. Square Matrix that can be done on the matrix include:
The square matrix is the matrix with the 1. Matrix summation
number of rows and the same number of The sum of the matrix can only be applied to
columns nx n. An example of a square matrices having the same order size. If A = (aij)
matrix is a 2 x 2 matrix. and B = (bij) are equal-sized matrices, then A + B
2. Diagonal matrix is a matrix C = (cij) where (cij) = (aij) + (bij) or
Is a square matrix in which elements other [A] + [B ] = [C]
than the diagonal element are 0. The have the same size and element (cij) = (aij) + (bij).
diagonal element is the element aij where i = 2. Matrix Reduction
j. As with matrix summation, matrix reduction can
3. Identity Matrix only be done on matrices of the same size. If the
It is a diagonal matrix whose all diagonal size is different then the result matrix is undefined.
elements are 1. 3. Multiplication of Matrix Scalar
4. Unit Matrix If k is a scalar number and A = (aij) then the matrix
Is a matrix whose elements contain only one kA = (kaij) is a kA matrix obtained by multiplying
or zero. all elements of matrix A with k. Multiplying a
5. Triangle Matrix matrix with a scalar can be written in front of or
There are two divisions. Namely the upper behind the matrix. For example
triangular matrix is the square matrix that all [C] = k [A] = [A] k and (cij) = (kaij).
elements below the diagonal element are zero. 4. Multiplication Matrix with Matrix
In contrast the lower triangular matrix is a If A is the matrix of the mx n and B is the n xp
square matrix that all elements above the pacing matrix, then the matrix A product with B,
diagonal element are zero. eg C, is the new matrix of the m x p beam.
6. Symmetry Matrix 5. The Matrix of Cage Length
Is a square matrix where for each element in If A is a rectangular matrix, then the appointment
the index row i column j, it has the same of matrix A is defined as follows. If A is a

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rectangular matrix, then the appointment of matrix the currents entering the point is equal to the
A is defined as follows. amount of current coming out of that point. Or The
A2 = A.A. A3 = A. A2 . total number of currents at a point is zero. Whereas
the second law of kirchoff states the sum of all
E. LEGAL MATRIX voltages around the loop (round) equal to zero.
If A, B, and C are equivalent matrices to be
multiplied, then the matrix multiplication OPERATION LINE ELEMENTER (OBE)
properties are applied: Not commutative, The elementary row operation (OBE) is an
Associative, Distributive and There is an identity operation performed in order to simplify an
matrix I so that AI = IA = A. augmented matrix. OBE in the process is an
arithmetic operation (involving addition and
KIRCHOFF's FIRST LAW multiplication) imposed on each element in a
This law states that the current entering the certain row of a matrix. In the process the
branching point is as large as the current leaving elementary row operations include:
the point. If i1 and i4 are currents entering the 1. Line exchange
branching point, whereas i2 and i3 are currents 2. Multiplication of a row with non-zero constants
coming out of the branching point, i1 + i4 = i2 + 3. The sum of a row with the other row
i3. This is called Kirchhoff's Law, Kirchhoff's multiplication with non-zero constants.
point law, Kirchhoff branching law, or KCL
(Kirchhoff's Current Law). The principle of II. METHODOLOGY
conservation of electric charge says that: At each Diagram Block Research
branching point in the electrical circuit, the sum of The research block diagram is written as follows:

Linear Equation Created AX = B Calculated inverse solutions

System matrix using matlab

Fig 1. Research Block Design

Case Study 6 I1 - 2 I2 - 4 I 3 = 0 ............. (1)

R3 = 4 OHM, I 3 Loop 2
R1 = 4 OHM, I 1 -V + R2I2 - R2I1 = 0
Equivalent to:
R2 = 2 OHM, I 2 R2I2 - R2I1 = V
2I2 - 2 I1 = 10 ....................... (2)

Loop 3
10 V R3I3 + R1I3-R1I1 = 0
Equivalent to
-R1 I1 + (R1 + R3) I3 = 0
In the above sequence, if R3 is known to be 4 ohm, -4 I1 + 8 I3 = 0 ........................ (3)
R1 is 4 ohms, and R2 is 2 ohms, and V is 10 volts.
Determine I1 , I2 , and I3 ! From the resulting equation it can be transformed
into the matrix AX = B, ie
Resolution:
[A] [X] = [B]
In the series according to Kirchoff's first and
second laws are obtained
=
Loop 1
R1I1-R1I3 + R2I1-R2I2 = 0
Next use matlab to calculate the value of matrix X
Equivalent to: as follows. To get started, type one of these:
(R1 + R2) I1 - R2I2 - R1I3 = 0 helpwin, helpdesk, or demo.

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A= [ 6 -2 -4 ; -2 2 0 ; -4 0 8 ];
» y = inv(A)
y=
0.5000 0.5000 0.2500
0.5000 1.0000 0.2500
0.2500 0.2500 0.2500
» B = [0 ; 10 ; 0];
» x = y*B
x=
5.0000
10.0000
2.5000

Based on the above calculation results can be

concluded the value of the variable I1 = 5 amperes,
I2 = 10 amperes and I3 = 2.5 amperes.

III. CONCLUSION
By using matlab, we can calculate the first, second
and third currents in the electrical circuit

REFERENCES
Aljabar Linear Dan Aplikasinya edisi 5 . Penerbit
Erlangga 3. Mursita D. ( 2000 ).
Anton, Howard and rorres, Cris, “Elementary
Linear Algebra with Aplications , 9th Edition ,
John Wiley and Sons, 2005
Diktat Kuliah Aljabar Linear Elementer. STT
Telkom.
Harry Octavianus Purba. IF2123 Paper Algebra
Geometry. Completion of SPL in Electrical
Circuits. First Semester of 2015/2016. School
of Electrical Engineering and Informatics.
ITB. Bandung.

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