DEPARTMENT OF

TEACHER EDUCATION
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte,
PHILIPPINES
Telefax: 563-7527
Email: [email protected]

Pred 153 - Field Study 1 - Observations of Teaching-Learning in Actual School

Environment
nd
2 Semester, AY 2024-2025

Name: _____Rhod Uriel N. Fabular_ Degree & Year: BSED-2

Major: _Social Studies Date: _February 3 2024__ Score: ________

MODULE 2 REFLECTION

A Teacher’s skills and knowledge

This module focuses in the Pedagogical Content Knowledge and the use of ICT.
Gabas Integrated School is an institution that holds elementary, high school, and
senior high school. We focus on my major which is social studies, our resource
teacher knows her content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and curriculum
knowledge which I am going to discuss one by one.

First, we start at the Content Knowledge. Content knowledge is knowledge of the

subject matter or academic course being taught or expected to be learned by
students, requiring an understanding of facts or principles. Our resource teacher was
discussing about the age of exploration in grade 8 and it was in the middle of the
review because exam is coming. I observed that Ma’am has the mastery of the topic
and discusses it with ease. Weber’s Science as a Vocation (1919) highlights the
importance of deep subject knowledge for educators, especially in higher education.
He argues that a good teacher must not only convey information but also inspire
students by demonstrating expertise and enthusiasm for the subject. As a pre
service teacher it is important that us educators must have the mastery needed to
convey information in a cohesive way.

Second, is about Pedagogical knowledge is knowledge of teaching, including

methods and strategies for structuring subject matter to make it more
understandable to learners. Our resource teacher has different strategies in teaching
different and diverse learners. Ma’am said to us that even at the change of how
sectioning students there will be always be one section that is a bit of a problem. I
 DEPARTMENT OF
TEACHER EDUCATION
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte,
PHILIPPINES
Telefax: 563-7527
Email: [email protected]

would like just to vaguely describe the section for privacy. Student on the first section
needed a bit of entertainment to at least get their attention. So Ma’am did the song
and ball pass game to choose the student who will answer the activity. Lee Shulman
introduced the concept of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), which combines
subject expertise with teaching strategies. He argued that good teaching requires not
only knowing the subject but also knowing how to explain it, how to assess student
understanding, and how to adapt lessons for different learners. As a pre service
teacher and a gamer this is what I call “fighting style”. In video games where multiple
characters exist each one of them is unique with the same purpose to win the game.
Like some teachers are authoritative others are more mellow and understanding.
They may be different but it is their most effective style to convey information which
is the goal.

Third, the Curricular knowledge. It is an understanding of the curriculum, as

represented by a comprehensive range of programs designed to teach a specific
subject/course at a particular level. In the case of my observations with the different
grade levels with our resource teacher I see where curricular knowledge stands out.
Grade 7 focuses on the Southeast Asian subject, Grade 8 is History of the world,
Grade 9 is focused in economics, and Grade 10 is about contemporary world. Each
grade level has specific competencies and lessons that are only be seen at that
grade level. I remember this topic last semester about curriculum and this alignment
on grade level is called horizontal alignment where aligns instruction, assessments,
and learning objectives within the same grade level. Curricular knowledge allows
teachers to plan lessons effectively, make interdisciplinary connections, and adjust
instruction to students’ needs. Having been deployed to observed teachers teaching
strengthens the idea that different grade level must have a theme to ensure that
learning is progressive.

In this part of the reflection I will be talking about the topic of proper use of ICT
and resources the teachers use. There are different resources use in teaching
nowadays. In the past most things are handwritten and relies on books receive for
 DEPARTMENT OF
TEACHER EDUCATION
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte,
PHILIPPINES
Telefax: 563-7527
Email: [email protected]

getting and creating educational materials. Calculations are also manual and takes
so much time. Information is not limited but only difficult to get. Now Internet is here,
technology now assist in calculation and grading, sources is abundant now(though
having to check the reliability is a problem), and communication now is easy. In the
modern teaching there are many sources that can be used to assist teaching. In
Gabas Integrated School I observed various technology for assistance and they are
divided into four types of resources which are: Print resources, Audio resources,
Non-electronic visual resources, and ICT resources.

Starting with Print resources. This is one of the most common resources in public
school. It can be books which is the traditional source of lesson and information,
newspapers which is rare nowadays, modules which one of the primary resources to
be used and this has two distinction which is traditional modules or module passed
from other schools and Test papers from exams. Print resources, especially
textbooks, serve as authoritative sources of information that help standardize
learning across societies. In my experiences and observation print resources are a
solid source but due to abundance of real time information some of the information is
outdated and should be reviewed before used.

Next, Audio resources. This one of those resources that are rarely used. High
schooler nowadays are visual learners and audio clips or even just the teacher
discussing in the school I have observed some students don’t listen. It is hard to
implement this resource because of the circumstances.

Then, Non-electronic visual resources. It is a type of resource that doesn’t

use..well electricity. Examples are Picture books, models, diorama, flip cards and
maps. This type of resources is sometimes created during practical like creating a
model of a globe, creating slogans/posters, art projects or even bought by the
teacher themselves like maps, globes, or models of body parts. As an educator this
type of resource is one of the best to use in a world of visual learners. The good
thing about this is that students can create them too.
 DEPARTMENT OF
TEACHER EDUCATION
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte,
PHILIPPINES
Telefax: 563-7527
Email: [email protected]

Lastly, ICT resources. These resources are very possible due to the evolution of
technology. Example of this are projector, television, laptop, internet and AI.
Television and projectors are now the staple of a classroom. It makes wordy outputs
more pleasing to the eye than just writing on a chalkboard and you can just create
the lesson ahead of time to easily deliver lessons in the class. Laptop is now a
teachers companion because you can create, calculate, present and record
information. As a student in an education course and having my own laptop it is
really a reliable tool for work or out of work. Internet the information highway, a
domain of vast sources. Nowadays internet is used to gather information and
validate it and be used to extend horizons in teaching lesson though it is risky due to
false information that rampant on the internet. Lastly is AI which is very controversial
especially for those who knows how to use it. AI is a good assistant but not as a
source of information. AI is functioning via algorithm which allows them to make
mistake in giving information. As a prominent user of AI especially ChatGpt you can
ask the AI for information then verify its validity by asking the engine itself to give you
sources and links. This way you can verify the information relayed.

In summary, this module talks about the importance of the teacher’s knowledge of
the subject and teaching and the use of different resources and would it impact the
teaching-learning experience. For now, I am still inexperienced but seeing this
multiple knowledge and resources I now expect that teaching is now a little bit hard.