Scribd
Upload
17 views20 pages

Chepter 9

The document covers the principles of ray optics, including the laws of reflection and refraction, as well as the properties of mirrors and lenses. It discusses concepts such as rectilinear propagation of light, the behavior of light rays upon reflection and refraction, and the formation of images by concave and convex mirrors. Additionally, it introduces the concepts of refractive index, total internal reflection, and the derivation of formulas related to spherical mirrors and magnification.

Uploaded by

Jaypalsinh Rana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
17 views20 pages

Chepter 9

The document covers the principles of ray optics, including the laws of reflection and refraction, as well as the properties of mirrors and lenses. It discusses concepts such as rectilinear propagation of light, the behavior of light rays upon reflection and refraction, and the formation of images by concave and convex mirrors. Additionally, it introduces the concepts of refractive index, total internal reflection, and the derivation of formulas related to spherical mirrors and magnification.

Uploaded by

Jaypalsinh Rana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20
Physics. ch. 4" Ray- optics" Total marks = 0F # Trtroduction # MCQ= O5 Theory = 04 > The wavelength of visible electromugnetic waves (4oonm to s00nm) is too smal compawrad to objects crpund us, light can be considered. to travel from one point to another cong a strutight Line. This is culled mectilinewr propagation of light >the path of the light propagation js called co xay, Which is never diverging on Converging without mira on tense. 2 A bumdie of such stays is culled beam of light * The otuy optics. is based mainly on the following thsiee Cssumphions* 1 Rectilinear propagation of lignt DIndepence of Light rays. Guesthey do not distwih one another when they intersect). 3) Reversibility of path (ie they netrace exactly the Same path on seveising their direction of propagation). + Se Vithued = Tmage Reed image > AFteX Hefiecton on steFraction mays ane > Nok actually intersect actualy intersect euch other > Not focus on screen > focus of Screen > Aways exec > Aways inverted > Misron > Opposite side of object lense ~ Object side > Mimon — Object side lenge ~ Opposite side of > Convex miro. Concave Lense Object > Concave Mirror, Gnvex lense. (1) Write down. Jaws of ReFiection. Ans:- * the luws of reftection +- (4) Tn the case of eftection of light, the angle oF incidence und angle of xeflection une equal. os (2) Tncident way, Hefiected ay and noxmal. Ray dxawn at the point of incidénce lie in the sume plane. While the incident stay and. the stefiected say cue on either side of the normal Nore These Aaws ure valid ak every point on any reflecting surface. whethet plane on curved. + After stefiection speed of Light. uavelegt) is mot changed. But Intensity of light oC Area d (Apentuey Fon NEBr Jet = 1) Ta plane mirror type of image is vintval, erect und sice of image is Aistame sume us object. In plane mirror object distunce und image is Same Normal Ray Refraction of Light th of light. Frequency of Light IN Created by Notein 2) Deflection ungle (6):~ Angle bet™ incident nay und emerge aay is known as defiection angle 3) No. of images . ( 9= angle bet™ minor, N= no. oF émages + case.) if Value of 6p seven integer then > 360-1 casee iF value of 360 = Odd integer <7 Samay Pluced =) = 3§2-4 = o Ton -§ ymmmebAy placed. =? 1 6 + Velocity of image + 4) IF plane miston is on rest and, object velocity '~? towed. misor os tofax misor then imaye velocity is sume as object but opposite to object . It with sespect to object then image velocity is ‘av’ in dixection of object. 2) Te object is est and Misaor move ‘u’ velocity then image velocity is '2y" in same direchon of minon. 4 ko TF person is middie of the hall and if Tull wall cun seen by mixor then height of ‘minor h-H shew, H= Height of wall H ' fe t } he Be eat et j + Sphetical minor. 4) Pole :- The Cente of the xefiecting suifuce of a cunved minrok is catied. its pole (P). 2) Principal ciscis:-The imaginaxy line pussing thaough the pole und the centre of cunvahue CCP) is culled the principal uscis of the minor, IN Created by Notein Focal Plane Parallel Rays Sibvering 3) Radius of Cuvobure :- The studius of the sphesical sheil from which mirn0ns cr2 made is catied. the Hnadius oF curvature (Rd of the curved vmittons, Tt is the distunce bet” C unal P. 4) Centre of Curvuhne :- the centre of the spheicad shell from which mirrors cre made is casied the centre of cunvuhne CG) of the midxor. 5) Aperotuae :~ The diameter of the teflecting surfuce (Q@’) is culled. the cupetwe of the minor. 6) Principal focus:- The point whee the nays parallel to the principal uxis meet fox concave mirror on appean to meet fon convex minnor on efiection is called the principal focus of the ‘midnor 4) Focul tength:- the distunce between the pole and the principal focus oF a mision js culled its focal Length (F) #) Ponuscial Ruys:- Ruys close to the principal axis ore called Raruscial Rays Direction of incident light Height + Sign . CQ = CP. then the ungle of reflection Legr-o= LQcF - Extexion angle, ZQFP= O+O=20, iW Created by Notein Pri Similarly, from Dc@r!, sinO@vO % QP! OP > 9-9 then R= af ce CP Note:- True for a convex minor. For plane minor R= 00, Fees) (3) Sphenical miso formula . Derive. Ans:- As shown in Cy nco ns ded a point “object O on the principal axis at a | cisrance yu fstom the pole. Let the upexhae’ of the misn0n be small. i Let the incident say 0@ makes a small ange (oh) woith the principal cxcis and. gets | —_ srefiected us QT. Anothed stay from object 0 moving cong the axis is incident ut P. ond gets selected in the direction PQ. Borh refrected siuys meet ab point I emd. forms the Point like image. . => Let cQ und TE make angle Bund Y, respectively, with the principal > Th AQFP, sinzor 269 = QP’. QP — ao- SF > O- 9F FP oF Principal Axis axis, In AOcQ, exterioh angle 7 O=P-ad In AcQgti, extesion angie 2 O=7- Compre ‘©? value in both eg. , Based on, a= ANc@P , B= Axc QP p-d= ¥-B 9. a R a+ y= 2p y= Ane QP v Ane Gp +4 AQP = 2x ArcQr uw Vv R Gauss 's, formute for midror. 7 Misxox formula , t+rtl=2 => Also +xue fox conver U VR» R=2f bake. HiWOR- (4) Exptuin Lateral Magnification. Ansi- the Hutio ea Gp is called. the on for xignr ungled dxingles ARP and A'BP tun@=AB-AB! —> h=-h! > Note:- for convex BP BP -u -v minor also IN Created by Notein > for any cwtved minor value of focul tength ‘fF? is constank. > fox sphesical mistor , Velocity of object and velocity of image . 2 yileyl=g! > oliff. ea to time't? t+L=-1 y vf cn yedy +envedy <0. 44 object dv. fmage dt at ae velocity “dé” velocity olla move fone ton wisn here hoz +> + Ray diagram. + (4) U=0%, concave mirror Image — AF cece P Real Inverted Very small in size — Magnification m << -1 (3) U=2F,@ U=R , concave minor Image — AIC — Real fe P. ~ Inverted Equal in size m=-1 vintua] image. (udf) =- ,Ve4t.4$ met Vinxhiad image yer) Vets fat host. hist Ret met + Re~ (2) U> af, Concave minnor Image — Between F and C = Real = Inverted — Small in size m<-1 (a) Y= bet® Cand. F , concave mim. Image — Between 2fand = » Real — Inverted — Large in size —m>-1 iW Created by Notein (5) Y=F_, Concave misnor (6) “= bet™ F and P Image Image 1 — Ate Behind the mirror ' —- Real — Virtual ; - Inverted Erect ep — Very large in size — Large in size ~m>>-1 m>+1 GQ) Uso (2) = Any whete on the pxincipal aris Image Image — ALF — > Between P and F Virtual > Virtual » Erect ~ Erect — Very small in size eee Magnification m << +1 a ~ Magnification m < +1 % Axial magnification + Gdhen object lies along the principal axis then m= fe 2-4 if object is small => m= ~du 8 (4) GE)( &yy # Axeal magnification + fox ap object is placed with it's plane perpendicular to pruncipal axis ams = -m*= Ai Ao F ReFraction of light + q@hen a say of light entets obliquely from one trunspurent medium to another daunspurent medium its direction changes at the sunfuce separating two media. This phenomenon is known as sefruction > cohen the chotactexistics of a medium one sume ub al points, it is said to be homogeneneous. When the characteuishics wwe sume in all ib is said tp be isotropic. > Té amedium js mot homogenous then a Light nay continuously gets sesccel eral ie path reo eumeds OS aa 4 Te the medium is mor tsotropie Light ay ePracts. by diffoient amount in different. directions. ia (5) Grite down Laws of Refraction Ans:- (4) the incident say, Hefractedl nay und the normed olcausn fo the point OF incidence une in the sume plane (a) “the sautio of the sine of the ungle of incidence 4o the Sine of the ungle of Hefraction fox the gwen two media is constant.” , IN Created by Notein (6) Define - Absolute xefructive index. und Relutive xefructive index Ans:- “Absolute xefractive index" Ratio of speed of Light ia vaccum und Speed of light in medium is known as absolute sefructive index. = L£ . Speed of lignt in vaccum (3x10¥m)s) “Onit less , Dimensionless. b Speed of Tight in medium. “ Relative sefractive index” Relutive xefrative index. may also be fined ia terms of speed of light in two media > Refractive index of ee @. Goith respect 40 medium. 1 a= “hes 4 Ys whee Vis speeol of Tight in medium 4. 2% Ve= speed of light in medium 2. Note:= To xefruction a) ac, ene , is eso — Onay oF Ai (4) Define . Snetl’s Law - Aus- Te @, isthe angle of incidence (in medi nim -4) und Q2 is the angle of sefaction Cin medium 2), then. Ma = S108 sin 62 Whee , Ma is known as the refractive index of medium -@ with 4espect to aan. 7 i om 7: olepends on the type of media ,thein. temperature cand the wave Length §F lignt = Mae = % . 991 Sin Be : eguiinines® “+ Seatrs Jens mwhen a light xay enters from optically ee angle of xefnacton isdsmealien than the angle of incidence , and. the noxmal if © @:60g ~ when a light ray enters fxom optically densex medium +0 optically vangle of viefruction is @aabeL tie the angle of incidence, cmd “aaay from the ‘noxmal “Note The medium with qreater sefsactive index is called optically denser ‘medium and the one with gmalled xefnactive index is called optically Hoe medium . > Optical density is different from the mass density IN Created by Notein + Fox NeeT| Jee > fox diamond 224, a Incident ray > Reversibility of Light and xefnaction through several medi > Mote:- the vise of a transparent medium is due to the differance in its xefractve index from that of the suitourding medium. * Latetal shift :- the lateral shi the perpendicular PL Nem distunce bet™ the emergent ay, cnol we is given by. fox noxmal shift: Normal shift | = iW Created by Notein (%) Define total intemal ReFiection. C2 Marks] Ans:- 2 when ight ay enters from one transparent medium to another, it is publ mreFlected. cand pwtially transmitted ak an interface Paria Reflection > Hore , Ais « point object (on u Light source) in x denset “medium. > The angie of incidence increuses (going From BB:>B, 2) the angie of siefiection ay also increases. > Tt happens thot ot particular angle of incidence, enacted, say moves ponatiel to the surface two media. for this peticdanr case, SE , of incidence for which the angle of xefraction is 40° is called ss angie @) of the denser medium, with respect to the Aaner 2 Osing sneu's daw for the critical angle of incidence , Sin Gi = Nin O2 > OG =G 1 O2= 40° if qed Sh qo 2 7 At the criticul angle , the xefiected nay is known as the critical nay. > Now if the angle of incidence is increased slightly monethan the critical cngle, the ‘of mefected Light ‘increases, and the incident say gets (i.e. 1001) into the densen medium. This is catled interna Te is fo: PF incick ectert than th an oT is true fer any of incidence greeter than the criti angle - In His gituation, the surface separating the two vedic, CUREUBD ISH tay 7 Ti is tobe voted thad the otal inteinal sieFiection’ obeys the Laws) of steflection. + Extra > Tr light is incident normally face separating two media . In this case intensity of reftected Light 7 To? intensity of incident light Tr = intensify oF nefiected light > For Qe=1 (airy cond afr t-s glam) Ta is 4° oF the incident” intensity . Ta also depends onthe angle of incidence. (4) Uses of totat inteinad stefiection. [4 Marts] Ans: + Pusmy 2> Fox or giass with aefructive index |.sohas a criticef angie for an oa gluss interfaces C= sin qlee) & 42 > This “angle is Sightty less than us*, which cmakes possible to we prisms with angles 45° 45°90" = os as fotally neftecting Sutace Ld IN Created by Notein > the cdvantages of totally setiecting prisms over metallic weFiectors cow. (4) spose efiecton and (2) the xePiecting properties una peiment cind not affected by toAnishing. * fibses:- the phenomenon of total inteinal neftection is used in opticod Fibxes. they une made of glass on Bod quae of ubouk 1oto loo Hm in oliameter. 2 They una in the form of along und thin Gbnes. the outer Couting of the Fit a ae of Hee, > Tn absense of the cladding layer, due to dust particles oil orother impurities, Some leakage of light may tuke place. Such leakage is Using cladding, > Fused Quast2 js usually used fon making optical fibtes because of high bransponency. Cladding 2 Tn Fig. 4 nay is incident at an (0) to the axis oF a Fibne from ain. is the of xePnuction. ~e ee | r» fibne cladding intey- Incident f fuce, the stay will undexgo a Ray ‘ ‘ inoinal election. . Emerpat 2 Fon a given fibne the value of OF Ray, should ™motbe gxeatet than some parkewlar vedue- 2 the Smaller the value of critica) A point object "P! is kept ext adistunce7 "a! Bao (©) on the principal axis. ' > Ray PA wo on me ed point A on the ' A swiface , AC is normal tothe suxfuce | at point A. @, is the ungle of inddence > Suppose the sePractive index (7) of the medium -4 is less than the refractive index (7) of the medium-2. As « result the refracted nay bends towards the normal and moves along AP’. Let x, Band y be the angles made by PA»CA and P’A respectively with pxincipal axis IN Created by Notein > Applying soell’s Law at point A. 7 (070.then sinoxe) 1in@:= 42'SinO, > —O me fig el rae eate an angie of Apac. @Q=a+B Similudy , angle pis exterion to Accra. - B=QtY =) Be=B-¥. = put velue of @, and Oe in €9.C1) a+). ) Foor sught angled 4riengie oa. «tany2¥= Ky (with didaction) from sight angled triangle o'ca. *. tunBp= B= Ye (with direction aind From apao’ - timae d= 2é%y (with direction) Put value in eq. C2) 2% (&)+ (4) a > Note From xonw. medium (with xeAactie indexm,) to the densey medium (72) fuom. ium (72) to the xaxext medium (1,). Te sunfiuce is plane (R= 02) then MB = em) R. On 4 Exbrat To general, a Lens is an image fouming device, having two bounded refracting swifuces. OF the two surfaces at least one sunfuce is cured - For example, the fotlowing Fig. depicts. different types of lenses. Biconex Plano Lens with Bisoncave Pan: cr Convex Meniscus or Concave Convex Cane 7 Since spheiced surfaces cro eusy to construct. we Fist Consider image formation by a sphewicel tens on crystal bull as strategic example > Tf G point orject 18 placed on the principal axis’ of a convex lens Such that the rays setructed one ponatiel do the axis fig.car, then du position of the point object is culled. the finst principod focus (Fi) of the lens. SIE the object is sikueded ot infinite (fig. (by and cor), nePracted nays meet (Or appear to meet) fox convex (on concave) lens toa point (Fe); then the position of this point is lenown a second principed Focus (Fe) the geometrical centre of the medium of the dens is called its optical centrecc). 3 As pen the sign convention, $ is positive fon convex lens and. negative for Concave lens. IN Created by Notein * (U1) Explain Refraction by thin lense. 0% Derive Lens-Maker's formula on ° Derive Coauss’ forrmta for lens. ee Moakes ] ° Ans:- the lens for which the distunce between the ieee two reacting sunfuces is negligible Gs compued "°” he 1 | Saas to the object “dlistunce the image ‘distunce und ct oeeeie siudivs of curvature is couled a thin lens. Tn genexeu stadii oF = 7 ae Jensohe dance = i “0X even From the Centhe | >The object O i's in the medium having neFructive index 7). The incident “inte” the dense medium coith Huy 0@ is Hebracted ot Sunfuce.1. Stethactve index te. (Hoe TOM) > for the xefnaction at swfhuce -1.7 (Rune to Dense) —Th + Mz = Det —> Y= Object distance YoY Ri —O vie image distunce >This image o' seaves Gs virtual object fon surfuce-2. Fon surhuce 2 the stay QQ’ travelling from densey medium is neFracted into stcren medium cing. meets the axial “vay from Oot T. Thus Tis the final image. 9 fox nefraction at surface — 2. (Dense +o rare) “Ne + Ms MM = M-) —Y Wie Object distunce fon surkue © Vi v Ro Te) Ve image distance e4. (1) + 24. (2) -M +m = Me™ ( =1\ > 4yoV Ri Re, —@ fon convex lens. Riz ts ® fet for concave lens. Riz- 1 Razt, fe- > JF medium on both sides of alens is same, and object is ct infinite, f @ m URI Re ~4=00 then V= Ff. )> pS ea)” eee? compared . J-1 = Mt [1-1 — Gauss’ Formula fox a Lens. 9. (3) an ¢. Ri and Re get intetchunged , then cso For proper change in sign, f ‘MN be Found to be same a1) fb =. Will be Fou Dad 1-6 > fox Ye cme) Chek) (ea > Newton's. formula:- hi = fe he fF ae -- 2x22 $rfe > Hew srand peel nee os i¢ Sickest ectbe tocol obec distance xe F e and i distance. IN Created by Notein (12) Magnificakion Cm) for lens. [2 Marks] Ans cones eases ane used proparty to form a magnified image ™ iPicakion , m= Size of image “gn Size of object Types of magnificuhon in lens. O Lateral magnification © Longitudinal. magnification cind Gangular magnification soe * lateted Magnification +* 7 >< > Lateral magni Ficution is abso called as tnansverse Magnificution. Te is defined as the satio of height of an image (hz) to that of the object Chi) from the Fig: his he Conty magnitude) a % only magni B (with sign . then cuto in numerical again tuke Sign Converstion ). (13) Define power (P) of lens. Ce Merks J h Ts is defined us the Converging on diverging cupucity of q lens. othe this the lens smallon ip the cad engih Ghd Kghuie-tie > Conveuging On diveiging ability of a lens is invexsiy pxoportional to tS Focus \ength- vd " aay Powen of a los AB in teams of meter. > For a 3 ot Ont is dhopter (0) A Exbat Te Ponting rorpeis | Magnification + re ae eT ead £ amehi=¥ 2 = fv men A | ok _ ho Y F+uU fF mer |) |/7men Ss m= vac = fon small object aM a RAG Axial magnification * ams= Ai = m*= yr Ai = Area of image roa Ao $4U Area of object Pox speed of image and object Z Vi “eel Vo IN Created by Notein ¥ Tage types. position + fox convex lens. (1) When object is placed at infinite (Le., u (2) When object is placed between infinite and 2F (ie. u > 2f) Image an Ate — Real 2 F — Inverted — Inverted = + — Very small in size — Very small in size ~~ Magnification m << = 1 * Magnification m <—1 (3) When object is placed at 2F (ie., u (4) When object is placed between F and 2F (ie., f< u < 2f) — Image _ “ * — Beyond 2F — Inverted capa teal rs — Equal in size — Inverted — Magnification m = - 1 — Lange in size — Magnification m > — 1 (5) When object is placed at F (ie.,u =f) (6) Whe obese psa Deteen Fan oti center Image eee = Ate — Same side as — Real + that of object — Vietual — Inverted main Aenean - large in size — Magnification m >> ~ 1 * fox concave lens+. — Magnification m > 1 (1) When object is placed at 2» (2) When object is placed any where on the principal axis Image Image — AF — Between optical centre and focus — Virtual — Virtual — Erect — Erect ae — Point size — Smaller in size — Magnification m << +1 — Magnification m < +1 + Srecilcaae® a4 iW Created by Notein (14) Desive Focal dength, magnification and power formula for combinction of thin lenses in contact. Ly Lp Ans:- Consider a simple optical system that consists of two thin lenses Li and Le in Contuct and placed on a common =? axis. i 3 Thein Focal lengths ore fiand fe xespecti- * + —— Vely. fou such an optical system, we assume thet the image fonmed by Ahé fixst lens becomes the object fon a second lens, and we get Fined image due to the system > Using Gauss’ formula for lens bi, + fox lens Le, lh + iv BIR Vv eq. +eg.(2) > cl+1=-) +) 4. C1) TTA 4 @ equivalent focal Le Sa lenses in contuct. een two L then iso, "I Gata is known oy opticad interval between the two lenses, * Power + ag P= Power of leng Li, ree Power of tens Le 1 7 2 P= PrtPates 4 Pm er alle ¥ magriRation # =< fon "d? seporation clso ¥ Special cones + *C1s) Derive Prism formula. [4 Mads] Ans: As shown in the fig. the chosssection pexpendicular, 4o the ~ Mectungulan suifuce of a pxism is shown. iW Created by Notein > A say PQ of monochxomadic light is incident at point @ on the swifuce AB. Accosiding +o Snell’s Law , it is refracted and. travels cong the path QR. Thus, iE deviates from the incidenk direction by an amount § this nay QR is incident on the surfuce AC at point R» und emerging out usa Hay RS. Tr suffers ag deviation Oz. + By extending the incident say P@ to POE, total deviation betweet the incident and the emengent Hay is found. when the emengent way RS is extended backword “it meets PE at D. > Angle between the incident stay and the emergent say is called the ‘ungie of deviation , § > from fig. in DAQLR , ZAQL und ZaRL ane right angles. + MLA + MLQLR=180".—O fo AQLR. Hitrtat MLOLR= Iso’ —D 24.01) = €4.02) A + Het mLQtR= mZLA +mair 2 Mite fou ADgR, LEDR Y LEDS Y 6 is the extortion angle 6= CpgeE + LoRg $= &+ Se But Site? Cv Vertically opposite angles) = T-H, similaly 62 =O-He 61 6=Citu) + le-He) > Cf #a) $7: ipe-A on ciate, Prism formula. (16) What is angle of minimum deviation (6m) q Ans:- In the condition of minimum deviution of the “incident way the angie of deviation is culled the Ungle oF minimum deviction (6m). Tn this situahon ik “is found that i=€ > then pie §+A, iP ize, 6=&m P 2af-A L > Applying Snell's law: > 7,807 Frsin Ae = sin é ie f2e, then HeHe , So. jf Heer, Atte =A, AzrAth 2 1B ten ayn(tn) nf) ED IN Created by Notein - Nete:- fon ize. i equilateral prism, then & is minimum nefructed Jreey through the prism is poratlel fo the buse of the prism. > fon smal avgle of phism CHhin prisms) m= A(q-1) 1 BTA. v6. > angular dispersion , O= 8y- 82 = (Ny-UA)-A » fon muximum deviedion (= 40° > TF dlistumce between object und screen is'd’ and dense position change at which dlistunces image can.get on Sscheen aa hen we get two values of ‘wv? then we get imaganeny nurmber end image not V= Violet colow.. r= red colour. (16) Explain simple microscope. C2 Mewks | Ans: the east distunce ect which 4 Small object cun be seen clearly with comfart is known us near point(D) or distunce of most distinct vision fon noxmal eye this distance is aecm. > Suppose a linear object with height ‘ho’ is lept at near point (i-¢, YE DE &5 cm). From eye. Let it cubtend an angle Bo with the eye. D > Te object is kept within the focal length (f) oF a convex [ens such that its vituad, eteck and magnified image is formed at a distunce equal to the newr point > the angulan magnification is defined as. m= fund FQ Noe, tun @o ie ° EMT ED Pare ty? MO omegnification, “Note cohen the imuge is et very Longe distunce me 4% . (14) Explain compouncl Meroscope. [4 Makes] Ans:- > The lens kept neur the object is known as objective, while the one neurer fo eye is known us eye-piece. 7 Distance bet” the Second faced point (P) of the objective cand the Fixst IN Created by Notein focal point (Q) of the eye-piece is lenown us tube-length (L) of the micro - cope. Cs This cleun from the Figue that the image Brie Obtuined by the objective is seal. inverted end. “magnified fe >This image acts as an object fax the eye- piece t > Eye- piece works as a simple microscope and gives a virtual and highly ‘magnified # final image (A"g"). > Magnification due to the i mo= hi > From AXYP and APA's, |e » | P ’ ns me recely : = XY = he = ho= fo: ans XY = be > ho = fotunp stan B = AB'w hi (/ Qand Bi are very close to each other) PB’ PQ hi= Pa-bemp= L-tenp 2 mes be Magnification due to eye-piece, Me= i+ % Resultant magnification of 4 compound michoscope is am = ™Mox > Tmage obtained “ eye-piece will be at very lunge distunce (D) (16) Explain Astronomical telescope. from ditunse <——fy—l-f-> Ans:- In spite of being huge and ---2biect Very Fur fom each other, they Bye Plece enw seen to be small and vedy ~ Lr = close +o each othed by owe naked eyes.C for. example, Stuns). > Fox observing such objects an Astronomical télescope is used A > In this telescope two convex lenses 2 wie kept in such a way thet thein principal axis coincide the lens facing the object is called objective and the lens new the eye is known us eye-piece > Hete, the diameter und the focal tength of the objective one greatey than that of the eye-piece IN Created by Notein >the eye-piece can move to and fro in the telescope tube. When the telescope is focussed on a distunt object , purallel says Comin from this object from a rect sinverted end small image A,B, onthe second pstincipal Focus of the objective - > This image is the object fon the eye-piece. Eye piece is moved to und fro to get the Fined and magnified inverted image ArBz of the original object ub a cettuin distance > magnification of telescope vm = Angle subtended by the final image with eye Angle subtended by the object with the objective of eye m= B =) AB x fo ol fe Aub: > Tnexeuse’ the oftelescope . focal Jength. of the objective showd be cind foced Lengiy. of the eyepiece should be s the optical Length) of the telescope. Se, length of the fube Ly fotfe. + Special Coses* > fn normal corungemert anagnificatiow of telescope Te dmage viewed ot near point (D=25cm) then. magnifi of telescope wbion’ (19) Explain Cusseguain (Refiecting telescope ) telescope. Ans:- As shown in the fig, Pacllel Hays coming from a distunt object cng incident on the sxefiecting suafuce' Of the primary concave . >the stefiecting surface of the mika is >The nay ufter getting mefiected Patt from this svafuce cre peerare on the principal focus CF) oF this minnon. > Cussegnain placed 4 Miwon . Ruys sefiected by the Secondary mimon ore focused on the eye- piece after pussing Though the hole kept in the primany miaor. 2Diemetey and foced Length of the primey midonr cre kept large in such telescope. IN Created by Notein iW Created by Notein

You might also like